Exploring the climate impacts of various anthropogenic emissions scenarios is key to making informed decisions for climate change mitigation and adaptation. State-of-the-art Earth system models can provide detailed insight into these impacts, but have a large associated computational cost on a per-scenario basis. This large computational burden has driven recent interest in developing cheap machine learning models for the task of climate model emulation. In this manuscript, we explore the efficacy of randomly wired neural networks for this task. We describe how they can be constructed and compare them to their standard feedforward counterparts using the ClimateBench dataset. Specifically, we replace the serially connected dense layers in multilayer perceptrons, convolutional neural networks, and convolutional long short-term memory networks with randomly wired dense layers and assess the impact on model performance for models with 1 million and 10 million parameters. We find average performance improvements of 4.2% across model complexities and prediction tasks, with substantial performance improvements of up to 16.4% in some cases. Furthermore, we find no significant difference in prediction speed between networks with standard feedforward dense layers and those with randomly wired layers. These findings indicate that randomly wired neural networks may be suitable direct replacements for traditional dense layers in many standard models.
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近年来,研究人员委托机器人和无人驾驶汽车(UAV)团队委托进行准确的在线野火覆盖范围和跟踪。迄今为止,大多数先前的工作都集中在此类多机器人系统的协调和控制上,但尚未赋予这些无人机团队对火的轨道(即位置和传播动态)进行推理的能力,以提供性能保证时间范围。在空中野火监测的问题上,我们提出了一个预测框架,该框架使多UAV团队的合作能够与概率性能保证一起进行协作现场覆盖和火灾跟踪。我们的方法使无人机能够推断出潜在的火灾传播动态,以在安全至关重要的条件下进行时间扩展的协调。我们得出了一组新颖的,分析的时间和跟踪纠纷界限,以使无人机团队根据特定于案例的估计状态分发有限的资源并覆盖整个火灾区域,并提供概率性能保证。我们的结果不仅限于空中野火监测案例研究,而且通常适用于搜索和救援,目标跟踪和边境巡逻等问题。我们在模拟中评估了我们的方法,并在物理多机器人测试台上提供了建议的框架,以说明真实的机器人动态和限制。我们的定量评估验证了我们的方法的性能,分别比基于最新的模型和强化学习基准分别累积了7.5倍和9.0倍的跟踪误差。
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通用形态(UNIMORPH)项目是一项合作的努力,可为数百种世界语言实例化覆盖范围的标准化形态拐角。该项目包括两个主要的推力:一种无独立的特征架构,用于丰富的形态注释,并以各种语言意识到该模式的各种语言的带注释数据的类型级别资源。本文介绍了过去几年对几个方面的扩张和改进(自McCarthy等人(2020年)以来)。众多语言学家的合作努力增加了67种新语言,其中包括30种濒危语言。我们已经对提取管道进行了一些改进,以解决一些问题,例如缺少性别和马克龙信息。我们还修改了模式,使用了形态学现象所需的层次结构,例如多肢体协议和案例堆叠,同时添加了一些缺失的形态特征,以使模式更具包容性。鉴于上一个UniMorph版本,我们还通过16种语言的词素分割增强了数据库。最后,这个新版本通过通过代表来自metphynet的派生过程的实例丰富数据和注释模式来推动将衍生物形态纳入UniMorph中。
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资源调度和协调是一个NP - 硬度优化,需要有效地将代理分配到具有上限和下限的时间和资源约束的一组任务。由于医院和工厂的资源协调的大规模和动态性质,人类领域专家手动计划和调整时间表。为了执行这项工作,域专家利用异构策略和拇指规则多年的学徒磨练。批判性需要的是能够在异构和可解释的学徒习惯中提取这种域知识,以超越单一人类专家的权力,这是安全关键域中的必要性。我们提出了个性化和可解释的学徒调度算法,通过在示范器类型的数量的推断下,通过推断的个性化嵌入非参数来提取决策标准,从而通过提取决策标准来提出任何人为任务示威者的可解释代表。我们在合成领域的近乎完善的LFD精度和88.22 \%的规划领域的准确性,具有现实世界,表现优于基础。最后,我们的用户学习表明我们的方法可能比神经网络($ P <0.05 $)产生更多可解释和更容易使用的型号。
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The recent increase in public and academic interest in preserving biodiversity has led to the growth of the field of conservation technology. This field involves designing and constructing tools that utilize technology to aid in the conservation of wildlife. In this article, we will use case studies to demonstrate the importance of designing conservation tools with human-wildlife interaction in mind and provide a framework for creating successful tools. These case studies include a range of complexities, from simple cat collars to machine learning and game theory methodologies. Our goal is to introduce and inform current and future researchers in the field of conservation technology and provide references for educating the next generation of conservation technologists. Conservation technology not only has the potential to benefit biodiversity but also has broader impacts on fields such as sustainability and environmental protection. By using innovative technologies to address conservation challenges, we can find more effective and efficient solutions to protect and preserve our planet's resources.
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A Digital Twin (DT) is a simulation of a physical system that provides information to make decisions that add economic, social or commercial value. The behaviour of a physical system changes over time, a DT must therefore be continually updated with data from the physical systems to reflect its changing behaviour. For resource-constrained systems, updating a DT is non-trivial because of challenges such as on-board learning and the off-board data transfer. This paper presents a framework for updating data-driven DTs of resource-constrained systems geared towards system health monitoring. The proposed solution consists of: (1) an on-board system running a light-weight DT allowing the prioritisation and parsimonious transfer of data generated by the physical system; and (2) off-board robust updating of the DT and detection of anomalous behaviours. Two case studies are considered using a production gas turbine engine system to demonstrate the digital representation accuracy for real-world, time-varying physical systems.
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We introduce Argoverse 2 (AV2) - a collection of three datasets for perception and forecasting research in the self-driving domain. The annotated Sensor Dataset contains 1,000 sequences of multimodal data, encompassing high-resolution imagery from seven ring cameras, and two stereo cameras in addition to lidar point clouds, and 6-DOF map-aligned pose. Sequences contain 3D cuboid annotations for 26 object categories, all of which are sufficiently-sampled to support training and evaluation of 3D perception models. The Lidar Dataset contains 20,000 sequences of unlabeled lidar point clouds and map-aligned pose. This dataset is the largest ever collection of lidar sensor data and supports self-supervised learning and the emerging task of point cloud forecasting. Finally, the Motion Forecasting Dataset contains 250,000 scenarios mined for interesting and challenging interactions between the autonomous vehicle and other actors in each local scene. Models are tasked with the prediction of future motion for "scored actors" in each scenario and are provided with track histories that capture object location, heading, velocity, and category. In all three datasets, each scenario contains its own HD Map with 3D lane and crosswalk geometry - sourced from data captured in six distinct cities. We believe these datasets will support new and existing machine learning research problems in ways that existing datasets do not. All datasets are released under the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license.
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We present a Machine Learning (ML) study case to illustrate the challenges of clinical translation for a real-time AI-empowered echocardiography system with data of ICU patients in LMICs. Such ML case study includes data preparation, curation and labelling from 2D Ultrasound videos of 31 ICU patients in LMICs and model selection, validation and deployment of three thinner neural networks to classify apical four-chamber view. Results of the ML heuristics showed the promising implementation, validation and application of thinner networks to classify 4CV with limited datasets. We conclude this work mentioning the need for (a) datasets to improve diversity of demographics, diseases, and (b) the need of further investigations of thinner models to be run and implemented in low-cost hardware to be clinically translated in the ICU in LMICs. The code and other resources to reproduce this work are available at https://github.com/vital-ultrasound/ai-assisted-echocardiography-for-low-resource-countries.
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The ability to jointly learn from multiple modalities, such as text, audio, and visual data, is a defining feature of intelligent systems. While there have been promising advances in designing neural networks to harness multimodal data, the enormous success of data augmentation currently remains limited to single-modality tasks like image classification. Indeed, it is particularly difficult to augment each modality while preserving the overall semantic structure of the data; for example, a caption may no longer be a good description of an image after standard augmentations have been applied, such as translation. Moreover, it is challenging to specify reasonable transformations that are not tailored to a particular modality. In this paper, we introduce LeMDA, Learning Multimodal Data Augmentation, an easy-to-use method that automatically learns to jointly augment multimodal data in feature space, with no constraints on the identities of the modalities or the relationship between modalities. We show that LeMDA can (1) profoundly improve the performance of multimodal deep learning architectures, (2) apply to combinations of modalities that have not been previously considered, and (3) achieve state-of-the-art results on a wide range of applications comprised of image, text, and tabular data.
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The SINDy algorithm has been successfully used to identify the governing equations of dynamical systems from time series data. In this paper, we argue that this makes SINDy a potentially useful tool for causal discovery and that existing tools for causal discovery can be used to dramatically improve the performance of SINDy as tool for robust sparse modeling and system identification. We then demonstrate empirically that augmenting the SINDy algorithm with tools from causal discovery can provides engineers with a tool for learning causally robust governing equations.
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