Graph neural networks (GNNs) have demonstrated excellent performance in a wide range of applications. However, the enormous size of large-scale graphs hinders their applications under real-time inference scenarios. Although existing scalable GNNs leverage linear propagation to preprocess the features and accelerate the training and inference procedure, these methods still suffer from scalability issues when making inferences on unseen nodes, as the feature preprocessing requires the graph is known and fixed. To speed up the inference in the inductive setting, we propose a novel adaptive propagation order approach that generates the personalized propagation order for each node based on its topological information. This could successfully avoid the redundant computation of feature propagation. Moreover, the trade-off between accuracy and inference latency can be flexibly controlled by simple hyper-parameters to match different latency constraints of application scenarios. To compensate for the potential inference accuracy loss, we further propose Inception Distillation to exploit the multi scale reception information and improve the inference performance. Extensive experiments are conducted on four public datasets with different scales and characteristics, and the experimental results show that our proposed inference acceleration framework outperforms the SOTA graph inference acceleration baselines in terms of both accuracy and efficiency. In particular, the advantage of our proposed method is more significant on larger-scale datasets, and our framework achieves $75\times$ inference speedup on the largest Ogbn-products dataset.

在基于脑电图的情感计算领域，跨数据库情绪识别是一项极具挑战性的任务，受许多因素的影响，这使得通用模型产生了不令人满意的结果。面对缺乏脑电图信息解码研究的情况，我们首先分析了通过样本空间可视化，样本聚合现象量化和对五个公共数据集的能量模式分析的不同脑电图信息（个人，会话，情绪，试验）对情绪识别的影响。并基于这些现象和模式，我们提供了各种脑电图差异的处理方法和可解释的工作。通过分析情绪特征分布模式，发现了个体的情感特征分布差异（IEFDD）。在分析了IEFDD遭受的传统建模方法的局限性之后，我们提出了基于重量的通道模型矩阵框架（WCMF）。为了合理地表征情绪特征分布模式，设计了四种重量提取方法，最佳是校正t检验（CT）重量提取方法。最后，WCMF的性能在两种实验中在跨数据库任务上进行了验证，这些实验模拟了不同的实践场景，结果表明WCMF具有更稳定和更好的情感识别能力。

在理论上和经验上，已经显示了深度神经网络的集合，以提高看不见的试验集上的泛化精度。然而，高训练成本阻碍了其效率，因为我们需要足够数量的基础模型，并且集合中的每一个都必须单独培训。提出了许多方法来解决这个问题，而且大多数基于预先训练的网络可以将其知识转移到下一个基础模型，然后加速培训过程的特征。然而，这些方法遭受严重的问题，即所有这些都会在没有选择的情况下传输知识，从而导致多样化。由于集合学习的效果更明显，如果合并成员是准确和多样化的，我们提出了一种命名为高效分集驱动的合奏（EDDE）的方法来解决集合的多样性和效率。为了加快培训过程，我们提出了一种新颖的知识转移方法，可以选择性地转移以前的通用知识。为了增强多样性，我们首先提出了一种新的多样性度量，然后使用它来定义多样性驱动的损耗功能以进行优化。最后，我们采用基于升级的框架来结合上述操作，这种方法还可以进一步提高分集。我们在计算机视觉（CV）和自然语言处理（NLP）任务中评估EDDE。与其他众所周知的集合方法相比，EDDE可以获得最高的合奏精度，培训成本最低，这意味着它在神经网络的集合中有效。

群体模棱两可（例如，SE（3）均衡性）是科学的关键物理对称性，从经典和量子物理学到计算生物学。它可以在任意参考转换下实现强大而准确的预测。鉴于此，已经为将这种对称性编码为深神经网络而做出了巨大的努力，该网络已被证明可以提高下游任务的概括性能和数据效率。构建模棱两可的神经网络通常会带来高计算成本以确保表现力。因此，如何更好地折衷表现力和计算效率在模棱两可的深度学习模型的设计中起着核心作用。在本文中，我们提出了一个框架来构建可以有效地近似几何量的se（3）等效图神经网络。受差异几何形状和物理学的启发，我们向图形神经网络介绍了局部完整帧，因此可以将以给定订单的张量信息投射到框架上。构建本地框架以形成正常基础，以避免方向变性并确保完整性。由于框架仅是由跨产品操作构建的，因此我们的方法在计算上是有效的。我们在两个任务上评估我们的方法：牛顿力学建模和平衡分子构象的产生。广泛的实验结果表明，我们的模型在两种类型的数据集中达到了最佳或竞争性能。

Weakly-supervised object localization aims to indicate the category as well as the scope of an object in an image given only the image-level labels. Most of the existing works are based on Class Activation Mapping (CAM) and endeavor to enlarge the discriminative area inside the activation map to perceive the whole object, yet ignore the co-occurrence confounder of the object and context (e.g., fish and water), which makes the model inspection hard to distinguish object boundaries. Besides, the use of CAM also brings a dilemma problem that the classification and localization always suffer from a performance gap and can not reach their highest accuracy simultaneously. In this paper, we propose a casual knowledge distillation method, dubbed KD-CI-CAM, to address these two under-explored issues in one go. More specifically, we tackle the co-occurrence context confounder problem via causal intervention (CI), which explores the causalities among image features, contexts, and categories to eliminate the biased object-context entanglement in the class activation maps. Based on the de-biased object feature, we additionally propose a multi-teacher causal distillation framework to balance the absorption of classification knowledge and localization knowledge during model training. Extensive experiments on several benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness of KD-CI-CAM in learning clear object boundaries from confounding contexts and addressing the dilemma problem between classification and localization performance.

Inferring missing links or detecting spurious ones based on observed graphs, known as link prediction, is a long-standing challenge in graph data analysis. With the recent advances in deep learning, graph neural networks have been used for link prediction and have achieved state-of-the-art performance. Nevertheless, existing methods developed for this purpose are typically discriminative, computing features of local subgraphs around two neighboring nodes and predicting potential links between them from the perspective of subgraph classification. In this formalism, the selection of enclosing subgraphs and heuristic structural features for subgraph classification significantly affects the performance of the methods. To overcome this limitation, this paper proposes a novel and radically different link prediction algorithm based on the network reconstruction theory, called GraphLP. Instead of sampling positive and negative links and heuristically computing the features of their enclosing subgraphs, GraphLP utilizes the feature learning ability of deep-learning models to automatically extract the structural patterns of graphs for link prediction under the assumption that real-world graphs are not locally isolated. Moreover, GraphLP explores high-order connectivity patterns to utilize the hierarchical organizational structures of graphs for link prediction. Our experimental results on all common benchmark datasets from different applications demonstrate that the proposed method consistently outperforms other state-of-the-art methods. Unlike the discriminative neural network models used for link prediction, GraphLP is generative, which provides a new paradigm for neural-network-based link prediction.

Human Activity Recognition (HAR) is one of the core research areas in mobile and wearable computing. With the application of deep learning (DL) techniques such as CNN, recognizing periodic or static activities (e.g, walking, lying, cycling, etc.) has become a well studied problem. What remains a major challenge though is the sporadic activity recognition (SAR) problem, where activities of interest tend to be non periodic, and occur less frequently when compared with the often large amount of irrelevant background activities. Recent works suggested that sequential DL models (such as LSTMs) have great potential for modeling nonperiodic behaviours, and in this paper we studied some LSTM training strategies for SAR. Specifically, we proposed two simple yet effective LSTM variants, namely delay model and inverse model, for two SAR scenarios (with and without time critical requirement). For time critical SAR, the delay model can effectively exploit predefined delay intervals (within tolerance) in form of contextual information for improved performance. For regular SAR task, the second proposed, inverse model can learn patterns from the time series in an inverse manner, which can be complementary to the forward model (i.e.,LSTM), and combining both can boost the performance. These two LSTM variants are very practical, and they can be deemed as training strategies without alteration of the LSTM fundamentals. We also studied some additional LSTM training strategies, which can further improve the accuracy. We evaluated our models on two SAR and one non-SAR datasets, and the promising results demonstrated the effectiveness of our approaches in HAR applications.

Occupancy information is useful for efficient energy management in the building sector. The massive high-resolution electrical power consumption data collected by smart meters in the advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) network make it possible to infer buildings' occupancy status in a non-intrusive way. In this paper, we propose a deep leaning model called ABODE-Net which employs a novel Parallel Attention (PA) block for building occupancy detection using smart meter data. The PA block combines the temporal, variable, and channel attention modules in a parallel way to signify important features for occupancy detection. We adopt two smart meter datasets widely used for building occupancy detection in our performance evaluation. A set of state-of-the-art shallow machine learning and deep learning models are included for performance comparison. The results show that ABODE-Net significantly outperforms other models in all experimental cases, which proves its validity as a solution for non-intrusive building occupancy detection.

Despite recent progress towards scaling up multimodal vision-language models, these models are still known to struggle on compositional generalization benchmarks such as Winoground. We find that a critical component lacking from current vision-language models is relation-level alignment: the ability to match directional semantic relations in text (e.g., "mug in grass") with spatial relationships in the image (e.g., the position of the mug relative to the grass). To tackle this problem, we show that relation alignment can be enforced by encouraging the directed language attention from 'mug' to 'grass' (capturing the semantic relation 'in') to match the directed visual attention from the mug to the grass. Tokens and their corresponding objects are softly identified using the cross-modal attention. We prove that this notion of soft relation alignment is equivalent to enforcing congruence between vision and language attention matrices under a 'change of basis' provided by the cross-modal attention matrix. Intuitively, our approach projects visual attention into the language attention space to calculate its divergence from the actual language attention, and vice versa. We apply our Cross-modal Attention Congruence Regularization (CACR) loss to UNITER and improve on the state-of-the-art approach to Winoground.

The number of international benchmarking competitions is steadily increasing in various fields of machine learning (ML) research and practice. So far, however, little is known about the common practice as well as bottlenecks faced by the community in tackling the research questions posed. To shed light on the status quo of algorithm development in the specific field of biomedical imaging analysis, we designed an international survey that was issued to all participants of challenges conducted in conjunction with the IEEE ISBI 2021 and MICCAI 2021 conferences (80 competitions in total). The survey covered participants' expertise and working environments, their chosen strategies, as well as algorithm characteristics. A median of 72% challenge participants took part in the survey. According to our results, knowledge exchange was the primary incentive (70%) for participation, while the reception of prize money played only a minor role (16%). While a median of 80 working hours was spent on method development, a large portion of participants stated that they did not have enough time for method development (32%). 25% perceived the infrastructure to be a bottleneck. Overall, 94% of all solutions were deep learning-based. Of these, 84% were based on standard architectures. 43% of the respondents reported that the data samples (e.g., images) were too large to be processed at once. This was most commonly addressed by patch-based training (69%), downsampling (37%), and solving 3D analysis tasks as a series of 2D tasks. K-fold cross-validation on the training set was performed by only 37% of the participants and only 50% of the participants performed ensembling based on multiple identical models (61%) or heterogeneous models (39%). 48% of the respondents applied postprocessing steps.