各种科学和工程领域使用参数化机制模型。工程师和科学家通常可以假设几个竞争模型来解释特定的过程或现象。考虑一个模特歧视设置，我们希望找到最佳机械，动态模型候选者和最佳模型参数估计。通常，若干竞争机械模型可以解释可用数据，因此通过找到最大化模型预测发散的实验设置，可以通过找到最大化模型预测发散的实验设置来实现最佳地收集额外数据的动态实验。我们争论文献中有两种主要方法，用于解决最佳设计问题：（i）分析方法，使用线性和高斯近似来找设计目标的闭合表达式，以及（ii）数据驱动方法，这通常依赖于计算密集的蒙特卡罗技术。 olofsson等人。 （ICML 35,2018）介绍了高斯工艺（GP）替代模型来杂交的分析和数据驱动方法，这允许计算的实验设计，以识别黑盒式模型。在这项研究中，我们证明我们可以扩展现有的动态实验设计方法，以纳入更广泛的问题不确定性。我们还延伸了Olofsson等人。 （2018）使用GP代理模型来辨别动态黑盒式模型的方法。我们在文献中的着名案例研究中评估了我们的方法，并探讨了使用GP代理到近似基于梯度的方法的后果。

We describe a Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) that simulates the flow induced by the astronomical tide in a synthetic port channel, with dimensions based on the Santos - S\~ao Vicente - Bertioga Estuarine System. PINN models aim to combine the knowledge of physical systems and data-driven machine learning models. This is done by training a neural network to minimize the residuals of the governing equations in sample points. In this work, our flow is governed by the Navier-Stokes equations with some approximations. There are two main novelties in this paper. First, we design our model to assume that the flow is periodic in time, which is not feasible in conventional simulation methods. Second, we evaluate the benefit of resampling the function evaluation points during training, which has a near zero computational cost and has been verified to improve the final model, especially for small batch sizes. Finally, we discuss some limitations of the approximations used in the Navier-Stokes equations regarding the modeling of turbulence and how it interacts with PINNs.

Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is characterized by disorganised electrical activity in the atria and is known to be sustained by the presence of regions of fibrosis (scars) or functional cellular remodeling, both of which may lead to areas of slow conduction. Estimating the effective conductivity of the myocardium and identifying regions of abnormal propagation is therefore crucial for the effective treatment of AF. We hypothesise that the spatial distribution of tissue conductivity can be directly inferred from an array of concurrently acquired contact electrograms (EGMs). We generate a dataset of simulated cardiac AP propagation using randomised scar distributions and a phenomenological cardiac model and calculate contact electrograms at various positions on the field. A deep neural network, based on a modified U-net architecture, is trained to estimate the location of the scar and quantify conductivity of the tissue with a Jaccard index of $91$%. We adapt a wavelet-based surrogate testing analysis to confirm that the inferred conductivity distribution is an accurate representation of the ground truth input to the model. We find that the root mean square error (RMSE) between the ground truth and our predictions is significantly smaller ($p_{val}=0.007$) than the RMSE between the ground truth and surrogate samples.

Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to be able to perform new tasks based on a few demonstrations or natural language instructions. While these capabilities have led to widespread adoption, most LLMs are developed by resource-rich organizations and are frequently kept from the public. As a step towards democratizing this powerful technology, we present BLOOM, a 176B-parameter open-access language model designed and built thanks to a collaboration of hundreds of researchers. BLOOM is a decoder-only Transformer language model that was trained on the ROOTS corpus, a dataset comprising hundreds of sources in 46 natural and 13 programming languages (59 in total). We find that BLOOM achieves competitive performance on a wide variety of benchmarks, with stronger results after undergoing multitask prompted finetuning. To facilitate future research and applications using LLMs, we publicly release our models and code under the Responsible AI License.

本文介绍了基于2022年国际生物识别技术联合会议（IJCB 2022）举行的基于隐私感知合成训练数据（SYN-MAD）的面部变形攻击检测的摘要。该竞赛吸引了来自学术界和行业的12个参与团队，并在11个不同的国家 /地区举行。最后，参与团队提交了七个有效的意见书，并由组织者进行评估。竞争是为了介绍和吸引解决方案的解决方案，这些解决方案涉及检测面部变形攻击的同时，同时出于道德和法律原因保护人们的隐私。为了确保这一点，培训数据仅限于组织者提供的合成数据。提交的解决方案提出了创新，导致在许多实验环境中表现优于所考虑的基线。评估基准现在可在以下网址获得：https：//github.com/marcohuber/syn-mad-2022。

研究人员通常会采用数值方法来理解和预测海洋动力学，这是掌握环境现象的关键任务。在地形图很复杂，有关基础过程的知识不完整或应用程序至关重要的情况下，此类方法可能不适合。另一方面，如果观察到海洋动力学，则可以通过最近的机器学习方法来利用它们。在本文中，我们描述了一种数据驱动的方法，可以预测环境变量，例如巴西东南海岸的Santos-Sao Vicente-Bertioga estuarine系统的当前速度和海面高度。我们的模型通过连接最新的序列模型（LSTM和Transformers）以及关系模型（图神经网络）来利用时间和空间归纳偏见，以学习时间特征和空间特征，观察站点之间共享的关系。我们将结果与桑托斯运营预测系统（SOFS）进行比较。实验表明，我们的模型可以实现更好的结果，同时保持灵活性和很少的领域知识依赖性。

已经广泛地研究了使用虹膜和围眼区域作为生物特征，主要是由于虹膜特征的奇异性以及当图像分辨率不足以提取虹膜信息时的奇异区域的使用。除了提供有关个人身份的信息外，还可以探索从这些特征提取的功能，以获得其他信息，例如个人的性别，药物使用的影响，隐形眼镜的使用，欺骗等。这项工作提出了对为眼部识别创建的数据库的调查，详细说明其协议以及如何获取其图像。我们还描述并讨论了最受欢迎的眼镜识别比赛（比赛），突出了所提交的算法，只使用Iris特征和融合虹膜和周边地区信息实现了最佳结果。最后，我们描述了一些相关工程，将深度学习技术应用于眼镜识别，并指出了新的挑战和未来方向。考虑到有大量的眼部数据库，并且每个人通常都设计用于特定问题，我们认为这项调查可以广泛概述眼部生物识别学中的挑战。

Designing experiments often requires balancing between learning about the true treatment effects and earning from allocating more samples to the superior treatment. While optimal algorithms for the Multi-Armed Bandit Problem (MABP) provide allocation policies that optimally balance learning and earning, they tend to be computationally expensive. The Gittins Index (GI) is a solution to the MABP that can simultaneously attain optimality and computationally efficiency goals, and it has been recently used in experiments with Bernoulli and Gaussian rewards. For the first time, we present a modification of the GI rule that can be used in experiments with exponentially-distributed rewards. We report its performance in simulated 2- armed and 3-armed experiments. Compared to traditional non-adaptive designs, our novel GI modified design shows operating characteristics comparable in learning (e.g. statistical power) but substantially better in earning (e.g. direct benefits). This illustrates the potential that designs using a GI approach to allocate participants have to improve participant benefits, increase efficiencies, and reduce experimental costs in adaptive multi-armed experiments with exponential rewards.

Quadruped robots are currently used in industrial robotics as mechanical aid to automate several routine tasks. However, presently, the usage of such a robot in a domestic setting is still very much a part of the research. This paper discusses the understanding and virtual simulation of such a robot capable of detecting and understanding human emotions, generating its gait, and responding via sounds and expression on a screen. To this end, we use a combination of reinforcement learning and software engineering concepts to simulate a quadruped robot that can understand emotions, navigate through various terrains and detect sound sources, and respond to emotions using audio-visual feedback. This paper aims to establish the framework of simulating a quadruped robot that is emotionally intelligent and can primarily respond to audio-visual stimuli using motor or audio response. The emotion detection from the speech was not as performant as ERANNs or Zeta Policy learning, still managing an accuracy of 63.5%. The video emotion detection system produced results that are almost at par with the state of the art, with an accuracy of 99.66%. Due to its "on-policy" learning process, the PPO algorithm was extremely rapid to learn, allowing the simulated dog to demonstrate a remarkably seamless gait across the different cadences and variations. This enabled the quadruped robot to respond to generated stimuli, allowing us to conclude that it functions as predicted and satisfies the aim of this work.

Real-world robotic grasping can be done robustly if a complete 3D Point Cloud Data (PCD) of an object is available. However, in practice, PCDs are often incomplete when objects are viewed from few and sparse viewpoints before the grasping action, leading to the generation of wrong or inaccurate grasp poses. We propose a novel grasping strategy, named 3DSGrasp, that predicts the missing geometry from the partial PCD to produce reliable grasp poses. Our proposed PCD completion network is a Transformer-based encoder-decoder network with an Offset-Attention layer. Our network is inherently invariant to the object pose and point's permutation, which generates PCDs that are geometrically consistent and completed properly. Experiments on a wide range of partial PCD show that 3DSGrasp outperforms the best state-of-the-art method on PCD completion tasks and largely improves the grasping success rate in real-world scenarios. The code and dataset will be made available upon acceptance.