在现实世界中存在的各种田间条件下,通常会挑战准确的作物行检测。传统的基于颜色的细分无法满足所有此类变化。在农业环境中缺乏全面的数据集限制了研究人员开发强大的分割模型来检测作物行。我们提出了一个用于作物行检测的数据集,其中有11种与甜菜和玉米作物的田间变化。我们还提出了一种新型的作物行检测算法,用于在作物行场中进行视觉伺服。我们的算法可以在不同的田间条件下检测作物行,例如弯曲的作物行,杂草的存在,不连续性,生长阶段,具无金,阴影和光水平。我们的方法仅使用来自沙哑的机器人上正式摄像头的RGB图像来预测作物行。我们的方法表现优于经典的基于颜色的作物行检测基线。在农作物行检测算法的最具挑战性的田间条件下,杂草之间存在茂密的杂草,而作物行中的不连续性是最具挑战性的田间条件。我们的方法可以检测到作物行的末端,并在到达农作物行的末端时将机器人驶向岬角区域。
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植物是动态生物。对于野外所有机器人来说,了解植被的时间变化是一个必不可少的问题。但是,在时间上关联重复的3D植物扫描是具有挑战性的。此过程中的关键步骤是随着时间的推移重新识别和跟踪相同的单个植物组件。以前,这是通过比较其全球空间或拓扑位置来实现的。在这项工作中,我们演示了使用形状功能如何改善颞器官匹配。我们提出了一种无里程碑的形状压缩算法,该算法允许提取叶子的3D形状特征,在少数参数中有效地表征叶片形状和曲率,并使特征空间中各个叶子的关联成为可能。该方法使用主成分分析(PCA)结合了3D轮廓提取和进一步的压缩,以产生形状空间编码,这完全是从数据中学到的,并保留有关边缘轮廓和3D曲率的信息。我们对番茄植物的时间扫描序列的评估表明,结合形状特征可改善颞叶匹配。形状,位置和旋转信息的结合证明了最有用的信息,可以随着时间的推移识别叶子,并产生75%的真正正率,对固定方法提高了15%。这对于机器人作物监测至关重要,这可以实现全面的表型。
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农业环境中的自主导航通常受到可能在耕地中可能出现的不同田间条件的挑战。在这些农业环境中自动导航的最新解决方案将需要昂贵的硬件,例如RTK-GPS。本文提出了一种强大的作物排检测算法,该算法可以承受这些变化,同时检测作物行进行视觉伺服。创建了一个糖图像的数据集,其中有43个组合在可耕地中发现的11个田间变化。新型的作物行检测算法既经过作物行检测性能,又要测试沿农作系的视觉伺服伺服的能力。该算法仅使用RGB图像作为输入,并且使用卷积神经网络来预测作物行面罩。我们的算法优于基线方法,该方法使用基于颜色的分割来实现场变化的所有组合。我们使用一个组合性能指标,该指标解释了作物行检测的角度和位移误差。我们的算法在作物的早期生长阶段表现出最差的表现。
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本文通过底层云的表面表示,在不平坦的环境中引入了一种新的机器人运动计划和导航的方法。所提出的方法通过将机器人的运动学和物理约束与标准运动计划算法(例如,来自开放运动计划库的机器人)纳入了最先进的导航方法的缺点,从而实现了有效的基于采样的计划者在原始点云图上挑战不平衡的地形导航。与基于数字高程图(DEMS)的技术不同,我们的新型基于表面的状态空间公式和实现是基于原始点云图,从而允许建模重叠的表面,例如桥梁,码头和隧道。实验结果证明了在真实和模拟的非结构化环境中提出的机器人导航方法的鲁棒性。拟议的方法还通过将基于我们基于Surfel的方法的机器人约束抽样策略提高其成功率的成功率,从而优化了计划者的表现。最后,我们提供了拟议方法的开源实施,以使机器人社区受益。
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在本文中,我们建议采用高斯地图表示来估计3D表面特征的精确位置和计数,基于在存在局部干扰的情况下挣扎的密度估计来解决最先进方法的限制。高斯地图表示可能的对象位置,可以直接从keypoint注释生成避免费力且昂贵的每像素注释。我们将该方法应用于可以投射到2D形状表示的3D球面类对象,该模拟能够通过神经网络GNet的有效处理,改进的UNET架构,这产生了表面特征的可能位置及其精确计数。我们证明了这种技术对数替代的果实质量措施计算了这种技术的实际用途。培训拟议系统的结果从公共可公共数据集培训了几百次3D扫描草莓的3D扫描展示了系统的准确性和精度,这优于本申请的最先进的基于密度的方法。
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农业部门的自动化和机器人被视为该行业面临的社会经济挑战的可行解决方案。该技术经常依赖于提供有关作物,植物和整个环境的信息的智能感知系统。传统的2D视觉系统面临的挑战可以由现代3D视觉系统解决,使物体,尺寸和形状估计的直接定位或闭塞的处理能够。到目前为止,使用3D感测主要限于室内或结构化环境。在本文中,我们评估了现代传感技术,包括立体声和飞行时间摄像机,用于在农业中的形状的3D感知,并根据其形状从背景中分割软果实的可用性。为此,我们提出了一种新颖的3D深度神经网络,其利用来自基于相机的3D传感器的信息的有组织性质。与最先进的3D网络相比,我们展示了所提出的体系结构的卓越性能和效率。通过模拟研究,我们还显示了农业中对象分割的3D感测范例的潜力,并提供了洞察力和分析所需的形状质量和预期作物的进一步分析。这项工作的结果应该鼓励研究人员和公司开发更准确和强大的3D传感技术,以确保他们在实际农业应用中更广泛的采用。
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In this paper, we propose a new short-term load forecasting (STLF) model based on contextually enhanced hybrid and hierarchical architecture combining exponential smoothing (ES) and a recurrent neural network (RNN). The model is composed of two simultaneously trained tracks: the context track and the main track. The context track introduces additional information to the main track. It is extracted from representative series and dynamically modulated to adjust to the individual series forecasted by the main track. The RNN architecture consists of multiple recurrent layers stacked with hierarchical dilations and equipped with recently proposed attentive dilated recurrent cells. These cells enable the model to capture short-term, long-term and seasonal dependencies across time series as well as to weight dynamically the input information. The model produces both point forecasts and predictive intervals. The experimental part of the work performed on 35 forecasting problems shows that the proposed model outperforms in terms of accuracy its predecessor as well as standard statistical models and state-of-the-art machine learning models.
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The outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has put healthcare systems worldwide to their limits, resulting in increased waiting time for diagnosis and required medical assistance. With chest radiographs (CXR) being one of the most common COVID-19 diagnosis methods, many artificial intelligence tools for image-based COVID-19 detection have been developed, often trained on a small number of images from COVID-19-positive patients. Thus, the need for high-quality and well-annotated CXR image databases increased. This paper introduces POLCOVID dataset, containing chest X-ray (CXR) images of patients with COVID-19 or other-type pneumonia, and healthy individuals gathered from 15 Polish hospitals. The original radiographs are accompanied by the preprocessed images limited to the lung area and the corresponding lung masks obtained with the segmentation model. Moreover, the manually created lung masks are provided for a part of POLCOVID dataset and the other four publicly available CXR image collections. POLCOVID dataset can help in pneumonia or COVID-19 diagnosis, while the set of matched images and lung masks may serve for the development of lung segmentation solutions.
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This paper presents a robust end-to-end method for sports cameras extrinsic parameters optimization using a novel evolution strategy. First, we developed a neural network architecture for an edge or area-based segmentation of a sports field. Secondly, we implemented the evolution strategy, which purpose is to refine extrinsic camera parameters given a single, segmented sports field image. Experimental comparison with state-of-the-art camera pose refinement methods on real-world data demonstrates the superiority of the proposed algorithm. We also perform an ablation study and propose a way to generalize the method to additionally refine the intrinsic camera matrix.
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The paper presents a multi-camera tracking method intended for tracking soccer players in long shot video recordings from multiple calibrated cameras installed around the playing field. The large distance to the camera makes it difficult to visually distinguish individual players, which adversely affects the performance of traditional solutions relying on the appearance of tracked objects. Our method focuses on individual player dynamics and interactions between neighborhood players to improve tracking performance. To overcome the difficulty of reliably merging detections from multiple cameras in the presence of calibration errors, we propose the novel tracking approach, where the tracker operates directly on raw detection heat maps from multiple cameras. Our model is trained on a large synthetic dataset generated using Google Research Football Environment and fine-tuned using real-world data to reduce costs involved with ground truth preparation.
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