编写代码时，大多数程序员会犯错误。这些错误中的一些很小，几乎不需要对原始程序进行编辑 - 最近称为最后一个英里错误的错误。这些错误打破了经验丰富的开发人员的流程，并且可以使新手程序员陷入困境。针对此类错误的现有自动化维修技术是特定于域的，并且不容易延续到新域。转移符号方法需要实质性的工程和神经方法需要数据和重新培训。我们介绍RING，这是一种多语言维修引擎，该引擎由经过代码训练的大型语言模型（例如Codex）提供动力。这样的多语言引擎可以为编程援助提供一个翻转的模型，该模型与传统的代码建议技术相比，程序员编写代码和AI援助建议修复。从程序员手动修复错误的方式中汲取灵感，我们表明，基于迅速的策略将修复作为本地化，转换和候选排名概念化，可以成功地在多个域中成功维修程序，但努力最少。我们通过评估6个不同的域并将性能与域特异性维修引擎进行比较，为这种多语言维修引擎提供了第一个结果。我们表明，环可以超过这些域中3个域中的特定于域特异性修复引擎。我们还确定了使用LLMC进行多语言维修的未来研究方向。

大多数低编码平台的用户，例如Excel和PowerApps，都以特定于域的公式语言编写程序来执行非平凡的任务。用户通常可以编写他们想要的大部分程序，但是引入了一些小错误，这些错误会产生破损的公式。这些错误既可以是句法和语义，也很难让低代码用户识别和修复，即使只能通过一些编辑解决。我们正式化了产生最后一英里维修问题等编辑的问题。为了解决这个问题，我们开发了Lamirage，这是一种最后一英里的维修发动机发电机，结合了符号和神经技术，以低代码公式语言进行最后一英里维修。 Lamirage采用语法和一组特定领域的约束/规则，它们共同近似目标语言，并使用它们来生成可以用该语言修复公式的维修引擎。为了应对本地化错误和对候选维修进行排名的挑战，Lamirage利用神经技术，而它依赖于符号方法来生成候选维修。这种组合使Lamirage可以找到满足提供的语法和约束的维修，然后选择最自然的修复。我们将Lamirage与400个Real Excel和PowerFX公式的最新神经和符号方法进行了比较，其中Lamirage的表现优于所有基线。我们释放这些基准，以鼓励在低代码域中进行后续工作。

灵巧的操纵仍然是机器人技术中的一个空缺问题。为了协调研究界为解决这个问题的努力，我们提出了共同的基准。我们设计和构建了机器人平台，该平台托管在MPI上供智能系统托管，可以远程访问。每个平台由三个能够敏捷物体操纵的机器人手指组成。用户能够通过提交自动执行的代码（类似于计算群集）来远程控制平台。使用此设置，i）我们举办机器人竞赛，来自世界任何地方的团队访问我们的平台以应对具有挑战性的任务ii）我们发布了在这些比赛中收集的数据集（包括数百个机器人小时），而我们为研究人员提供了访问自己项目的这些平台。

The United States coastline spans 95,471 miles; a distance that cannot be effectively patrolled or secured by manual human effort alone. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) equipped with infrared cameras and deep-learning based algorithms represent a more efficient alternative for identifying and segmenting objects of interest - namely, ships. However, standard approaches to training these algorithms require large-scale datasets of densely labeled infrared maritime images. Such datasets are not publicly available and manually annotating every pixel in a large-scale dataset would have an extreme labor cost. In this work we demonstrate that, in the context of segmenting ships in infrared imagery, weakly-supervising an algorithm with sparsely labeled data can drastically reduce data labeling costs with minimal impact on system performance. We apply weakly-supervised learning to an unlabeled dataset of 7055 infrared images sourced from the Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division (NAWCAD). We find that by sparsely labeling only 32 points per image, weakly-supervised segmentation models can still effectively detect and segment ships, with a Jaccard score of up to 0.756.

The paper presents a cross-domain review analysis on four popular review datasets: Amazon, Yelp, Steam, IMDb. The analysis is performed using Hadoop and Spark, which allows for efficient and scalable processing of large datasets. By examining close to 12 million reviews from these four online forums, we hope to uncover interesting trends in sales and customer sentiment over the years. Our analysis will include a study of the number of reviews and their distribution over time, as well as an examination of the relationship between various review attributes such as upvotes, creation time, rating, and sentiment. By comparing the reviews across different domains, we hope to gain insight into the factors that drive customer satisfaction and engagement in different product categories.

Visual language such as charts and plots is ubiquitous in the human world. Comprehending plots and charts requires strong reasoning skills. Prior state-of-the-art (SOTA) models require at least tens of thousands of training examples and their reasoning capabilities are still much limited, especially on complex human-written queries. This paper presents the first one-shot solution to visual language reasoning. We decompose the challenge of visual language reasoning into two steps: (1) plot-to-text translation, and (2) reasoning over the translated text. The key in this method is a modality conversion module, named as DePlot, which translates the image of a plot or chart to a linearized table. The output of DePlot can then be directly used to prompt a pretrained large language model (LLM), exploiting the few-shot reasoning capabilities of LLMs. To obtain DePlot, we standardize the plot-to-table task by establishing unified task formats and metrics, and train DePlot end-to-end on this task. DePlot can then be used off-the-shelf together with LLMs in a plug-and-play fashion. Compared with a SOTA model finetuned on more than >28k data points, DePlot+LLM with just one-shot prompting achieves a 24.0% improvement over finetuned SOTA on human-written queries from the task of chart QA.

We present, Naamapadam, the largest publicly available Named Entity Recognition (NER) dataset for the 11 major Indian languages from two language families. In each language, it contains more than 400k sentences annotated with a total of at least 100k entities from three standard entity categories (Person, Location and Organization) for 9 out of the 11 languages. The training dataset has been automatically created from the Samanantar parallel corpus by projecting automatically tagged entities from an English sentence to the corresponding Indian language sentence. We also create manually annotated testsets for 8 languages containing approximately 1000 sentences per language. We demonstrate the utility of the obtained dataset on existing testsets and the Naamapadam-test data for 8 Indic languages. We also release IndicNER, a multilingual mBERT model fine-tuned on the Naamapadam training set. IndicNER achieves the best F1 on the Naamapadam-test set compared to an mBERT model fine-tuned on existing datasets. IndicNER achieves an F1 score of more than 80 for 7 out of 11 Indic languages. The dataset and models are available under open-source licenses at https://ai4bharat.iitm.ac.in/naamapadam.

Automated offensive language detection is essential in combating the spread of hate speech, particularly in social media. This paper describes our work on Offensive Language Identification in low resource Indic language Marathi. The problem is formulated as a text classification task to identify a tweet as offensive or non-offensive. We evaluate different mono-lingual and multi-lingual BERT models on this classification task, focusing on BERT models pre-trained with social media datasets. We compare the performance of MuRIL, MahaTweetBERT, MahaTweetBERT-Hateful, and MahaBERT on the HASOC 2022 test set. We also explore external data augmentation from other existing Marathi hate speech corpus HASOC 2021 and L3Cube-MahaHate. The MahaTweetBERT, a BERT model, pre-trained on Marathi tweets when fine-tuned on the combined dataset (HASOC 2021 + HASOC 2022 + MahaHate), outperforms all models with an F1 score of 98.43 on the HASOC 2022 test set. With this, we also provide a new state-of-the-art result on HASOC 2022 / MOLD v2 test set.

Free-text rationales (FTRs) follow how humans communicate by explaining reasoning processes via natural language. A number of recent works have studied how to improve language model (LM) generalization by using FTRs to teach LMs the correct reasoning processes behind correct task outputs. These prior works aim to learn from FTRs by appending them to the LM input or target output, but this may introduce an input distribution shift or conflict with the task objective, respectively. We propose KNIFE, which distills FTR knowledge from an FTR-augmented teacher LM (takes both task input and FTR) to a student LM (takes only task input), which is used for inference. Crucially, the teacher LM's forward computation has a bottleneck stage in which all of its FTR states are masked out, which pushes knowledge from the FTR states into the task input/output states. Then, FTR knowledge is distilled to the student LM by training its task input/output states to align with the teacher LM's. On two question answering datasets, we show that KNIFE significantly outperforms existing FTR learning methods, in both fully-supervised and low-resource settings.

Visual language data such as plots, charts, and infographics are ubiquitous in the human world. However, state-of-the-art vision-language models do not perform well on these data. We propose MatCha (Math reasoning and Chart derendering pretraining) to enhance visual language models' capabilities in jointly modeling charts/plots and language data. Specifically, we propose several pretraining tasks that cover plot deconstruction and numerical reasoning which are the key capabilities in visual language modeling. We perform the MatCha pretraining starting from Pix2Struct, a recently proposed image-to-text visual language model. On standard benchmarks such as PlotQA and ChartQA, the MatCha model outperforms state-of-the-art methods by as much as nearly 20%. We also examine how well MatCha pretraining transfers to domains such as screenshots, textbook diagrams, and document figures and observe overall improvement, verifying the usefulness of MatCha pretraining on broader visual language tasks.