Image token removal is an efficient augmentation strategy for reducing the cost of computing image features. However, this efficient augmentation strategy has been found to adversely affect the accuracy of CLIP-based training. We hypothesize that removing a large portion of image tokens may improperly discard the semantic content associated with a given text description, thus constituting an incorrect pairing target in CLIP training. To address this issue, we propose an attentive token removal approach for CLIP training, which retains tokens with a high semantic correlation to the text description. The correlation scores are computed in an online fashion using the EMA version of the visual encoder. Our experiments show that the proposed attentive masking approach performs better than the previous method of random token removal for CLIP training. The approach also makes it efficient to apply multiple augmentation views to the image, as well as introducing instance contrastive learning tasks between these views into the CLIP framework. Compared to other CLIP improvements that combine different pre-training targets such as SLIP and MaskCLIP, our method is not only more effective, but also much more efficient. Specifically, using ViT-B and YFCC-15M dataset, our approach achieves $43.9\%$ top-1 accuracy on ImageNet-1K zero-shot classification, as well as $62.7/42.1$ and $38.0/23.2$ I2T/T2I retrieval accuracy on Flickr30K and MS COCO, which are $+1.1\%$, $+5.5/+0.9$, and $+4.4/+1.3$ higher than the SLIP method, while being $2.30\times$ faster. An efficient version of our approach running $1.16\times$ faster than the plain CLIP model achieves significant gains of $+5.3\%$, $+11.3/+8.0$, and $+9.5/+4.9$ on these benchmarks.

对比性语言图像预测在学习网络尺度数据的视觉文本联合表示方面取得了巨大的成功，这表明了各种图像任务的显着“零射”概括能力。但是，如何有效地将这种新的语言图像预处理方法扩展到视频域仍然是一个开放的问题。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种简单而有效的方法，该方法将预验证的语言图像模型直接适应视频识别，而不是从头开始预处理新模型。更具体地说，为了捕获沿时间维度框架的远距离依赖性，我们提出了一种跨框架注意机制，该机制明确地跨帧交换信息。这样的模块是轻量级的，可以无缝地插入验证的语言图像模型中。此外，我们提出了一个特定于视频的提示方案，该方案利用视频内容信息生成歧视性文本提示。广泛的实验表明，我们的方法是有效的，可以推广到不同的视频识别方案。特别是，在完全监督的设置下，我们的方法在Kinectics-400上获得了最高1的精度为87.1％，而与SWIN-L和Vivit-H相比，使用量少12倍。在零拍摄的实验中，我们的方法超过了当前的最新方法 +7.6％和 +14.9％，而在两个流行协议下，TOP-1的准确性。在少数拍摄的情况下，当标记的数据非常有限时，我们的方法优于先前的最佳方法 +32.1％和 +23.1％。代码和型号可在https://aka.ms/x-clip上找到

Vision Transformer（VIT）最近由于其出色的模型功能而引起了计算机视觉的极大关注。但是，大多数流行的VIT模型都有大量参数，从而限制了其在资源有限的设备上的适用性。为了减轻这个问题，我们提出了Tinyvit，这是一个新的小型，有效的小型视觉变压器，并通过我们提议的快速蒸馏框架在大型数据集上预处理。核心思想是将知识从大型模型转移到小型模型，同时使小型模型能够获得大量预处理数据的股息。更具体地说，我们在预训练期间应用蒸馏进行知识转移。大型教师模型的徽标被稀疏并提前存储在磁盘中，以节省内存成本和计算开销。微小的学生变形金刚自动从具有计算和参数约束的大型审计模型中缩小。全面的实验证明了TinyVit的功效。它仅具有21m参数的Imagenet-1k上的前1个精度为84.8％，与在Imagenet-21K上预读的SWIN-B相当，而使用较少的参数则使用了4.2倍。此外，增加图像分辨率，TinyVit可以达到86.5％的精度，仅使用11％参数，比SWIN-L略好。最后但并非最不重要的一点是，我们在各种下游任务上展示了TinyVit的良好转移能力。代码和型号可在https://github.com/microsoft/cream/tree/main/tinyvit上找到。

PointNet ++是Point Cloud理解的最具影响力的神经体系结构之一。尽管PointNet ++的准确性在很大程度上已经超过了诸如PointMLP和Point Transformer之类的最近网络，但我们发现，大部分性能增益是由于改进的培训策略，即数据增强和优化技术，而不是架构大小，而不是架构的大小，而不是架构。创新。因此，PointNet ++的全部潜力尚未探索。在这项工作中，我们通过对模型培训和缩放策略进行系统的研究来重新审视经典的PointNet ++，并提供两个主要贡献。首先，我们提出了一组改进的培训策略，可显着提高PointNet ++的性能。例如，我们表明，如果没有任何架构的任何变化，则可以将ScanObjectnn对象分类的PointNet ++的总体准确性（OA）从77.9 \％\％提高到86.1 \％，即使超过了最先进的端点”。其次，我们将倒置的残留瓶颈设计和可分离的MLP引入到PointNet ++中，以实现高效且有效的模型缩放，并提出了PointNext，即PointNets的下一个版本。可以在3D分类和分割任务上灵活地扩展PointNext，并优于最先进的方法。对于分类，PointNext的总体准确度为ScanObjectnn $ 87.7 \％$，超过了PointMLP $ 2.3 \％$，而推断的$ 10 \ times $ $。对于语义细分，PointNext建立了新的最先进的性能，$ 74.9 \％$ MEAN IOU在S3DIS上（6倍交叉验证），优于最近的Point Transformer。代码和型号可在https://github.com/guochengqian/pointNext上获得。

视觉变压器在识别和检测等实质性视野任务中显示了很大的视觉表示功率，从而在手动设计更有效的架构方面吸引了快速增长的努力。在本文中，我们建议使用神经架构搜索来自动化此过程，不仅可以搜索架构，还可以搜索搜索空间。中央观点是逐步发展使用权重共享超空网的E-T错误引导的不同搜索维度。此外，我们提供了一般视觉变压器的设计指南，根据空间搜索过程进行广泛的分析，这可以促进对视觉变压器的理解。值得注意的是，搜索空间的搜索模型，名为S3（用于搜索空间的短路），从搜索到的空间实现了卓越的性能，以最近提出的型号，例如在ImageNet上进行评估时的Swin，Deit和Vit。 S3的有效性也在对象检测，语义细分和视觉问题上说明，展示其泛度到下游视觉和视觉语言任务。代码和型号将在https://github.com/microsoft/cream中使用。

Vision-Language预培训（VLP）旨在从图像文本对中学习多模态表示，并以微调方式为下游视觉语言任务服务。主导VLP模型采用CNN变压器架构，该架构将图像与CNN嵌入，然后使用变压器对齐图像和文本。视觉内容之间的视觉关系在图像理解中发挥着重要作用，并且是模态对齐学习的基本。然而，由于局部接受领域在建模远程依赖性方面的弱点，CNNS具有局限性。因此，在相同的变压器网络中封装了学习视觉关系和模态对齐的两个目标。这种设计可能通过忽略每个目标的专用特性来限制变压器中的模态对准学习。为了解决这个问题，我们提出了一个完全变压器视觉嵌入VLP，以更好地学习视觉关系，进一步促进模态对齐。具体地，我们提出了一个名为Domank跨性流量的度量（IMF），以测量视觉和语言模态之间的交互（即，互别互别）。我们还设计了一种名为Massed Featuber Resollion（MFR）的新型屏蔽优化机制，在变压器中进一步推广了模范间学习。据我们所知，这是第一项探索VLP中可视化特征学习的变压器的利益的研究。我们在广泛的视觉语言任务中验证了我们的方法，包括图像文本检索，视觉问题应答（VQA），视觉征求和视觉推理。我们的方法不仅优于最先进的VLP性能，而且还显示了对IMF度量的好处。

In recent years, arbitrary image style transfer has attracted more and more attention. Given a pair of content and style images, a stylized one is hoped that retains the content from the former while catching style patterns from the latter. However, it is difficult to simultaneously keep well the trade-off between the content details and the style features. To stylize the image with sufficient style patterns, the content details may be damaged and sometimes the objects of images can not be distinguished clearly. For this reason, we present a new transformer-based method named STT for image style transfer and an edge loss which can enhance the content details apparently to avoid generating blurred results for excessive rendering on style features. Qualitative and quantitative experiments demonstrate that STT achieves comparable performance to state-of-the-art image style transfer methods while alleviating the content leak problem.

In recent years, the Transformer architecture has shown its superiority in the video-based person re-identification task. Inspired by video representation learning, these methods mainly focus on designing modules to extract informative spatial and temporal features. However, they are still limited in extracting local attributes and global identity information, which are critical for the person re-identification task. In this paper, we propose a novel Multi-Stage Spatial-Temporal Aggregation Transformer (MSTAT) with two novel designed proxy embedding modules to address the above issue. Specifically, MSTAT consists of three stages to encode the attribute-associated, the identity-associated, and the attribute-identity-associated information from the video clips, respectively, achieving the holistic perception of the input person. We combine the outputs of all the stages for the final identification. In practice, to save the computational cost, the Spatial-Temporal Aggregation (STA) modules are first adopted in each stage to conduct the self-attention operations along the spatial and temporal dimensions separately. We further introduce the Attribute-Aware and Identity-Aware Proxy embedding modules (AAP and IAP) to extract the informative and discriminative feature representations at different stages. All of them are realized by employing newly designed self-attention operations with specific meanings. Moreover, temporal patch shuffling is also introduced to further improve the robustness of the model. Extensive experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed modules in extracting the informative and discriminative information from the videos, and illustrate the MSTAT can achieve state-of-the-art accuracies on various standard benchmarks.

Machine learning models are typically evaluated by computing similarity with reference annotations and trained by maximizing similarity with such. Especially in the bio-medical domain, annotations are subjective and suffer from low inter- and intra-rater reliability. Since annotations only reflect the annotation entity's interpretation of the real world, this can lead to sub-optimal predictions even though the model achieves high similarity scores. Here, the theoretical concept of Peak Ground Truth (PGT) is introduced. PGT marks the point beyond which an increase in similarity with the reference annotation stops translating to better Real World Model Performance (RWMP). Additionally, a quantitative technique to approximate PGT by computing inter- and intra-rater reliability is proposed. Finally, three categories of PGT-aware strategies to evaluate and improve model performance are reviewed.

We propose a novel approach to self-supervised learning of point cloud representations by differentiable neural rendering. Motivated by the fact that informative point cloud features should be able to encode rich geometry and appearance cues and render realistic images, we train a point-cloud encoder within a devised point-based neural renderer by comparing the rendered images with real images on massive RGB-D data. The learned point-cloud encoder can be easily integrated into various downstream tasks, including not only high-level tasks like 3D detection and segmentation, but low-level tasks like 3D reconstruction and image synthesis. Extensive experiments on various tasks demonstrate the superiority of our approach compared to existing pre-training methods.