本文描述了（r）ules（o）f（t）he（r）oad（a）dvisor，该代理提供了推荐的和可能从一组人级规则生成的动作。我们以形式和示例描述了Rotra的架构和设计。具体来说，我们使用Rotra正式化和实施英国“道路规则”，并描述如何将其纳入自动驾驶汽车中，从而可以内部推荐遵守道路规则。此外，根据《英国公路法典》（《道路规则》），规定规则是否必须采取行动，或者仅建议采取行动，以指示生成的可能的措施。利用该系统的好处包括能够适应不同司法管辖区的不同法规；允许从规则到行为的清晰可追溯性，并提供外部自动责任机制，可以检查在某些给定情况下是否遵守规则。通过具体的示例，对自动驾驶汽车的模拟显示如何通过将自动驾驶汽车放置在许多情况下，这些场景测试了汽车遵守道路规则的能力。合并该系统的自动驾驶汽车能够确保他们遵守道路和外部（法律或监管机构的规则透明工作，从而使汽车公司，司法管辖区和公众之间的信任更大。

We present a Machine Learning (ML) study case to illustrate the challenges of clinical translation for a real-time AI-empowered echocardiography system with data of ICU patients in LMICs. Such ML case study includes data preparation, curation and labelling from 2D Ultrasound videos of 31 ICU patients in LMICs and model selection, validation and deployment of three thinner neural networks to classify apical four-chamber view. Results of the ML heuristics showed the promising implementation, validation and application of thinner networks to classify 4CV with limited datasets. We conclude this work mentioning the need for (a) datasets to improve diversity of demographics, diseases, and (b) the need of further investigations of thinner models to be run and implemented in low-cost hardware to be clinically translated in the ICU in LMICs. The code and other resources to reproduce this work are available at https://github.com/vital-ultrasound/ai-assisted-echocardiography-for-low-resource-countries.

Our goal with this survey is to provide an overview of the state of the art deep learning technologies for face generation and editing. We will cover popular latest architectures and discuss key ideas that make them work, such as inversion, latent representation, loss functions, training procedures, editing methods, and cross domain style transfer. We particularly focus on GAN-based architectures that have culminated in the StyleGAN approaches, which allow generation of high-quality face images and offer rich interfaces for controllable semantics editing and preserving photo quality. We aim to provide an entry point into the field for readers that have basic knowledge about the field of deep learning and are looking for an accessible introduction and overview.

The number of international benchmarking competitions is steadily increasing in various fields of machine learning (ML) research and practice. So far, however, little is known about the common practice as well as bottlenecks faced by the community in tackling the research questions posed. To shed light on the status quo of algorithm development in the specific field of biomedical imaging analysis, we designed an international survey that was issued to all participants of challenges conducted in conjunction with the IEEE ISBI 2021 and MICCAI 2021 conferences (80 competitions in total). The survey covered participants' expertise and working environments, their chosen strategies, as well as algorithm characteristics. A median of 72% challenge participants took part in the survey. According to our results, knowledge exchange was the primary incentive (70%) for participation, while the reception of prize money played only a minor role (16%). While a median of 80 working hours was spent on method development, a large portion of participants stated that they did not have enough time for method development (32%). 25% perceived the infrastructure to be a bottleneck. Overall, 94% of all solutions were deep learning-based. Of these, 84% were based on standard architectures. 43% of the respondents reported that the data samples (e.g., images) were too large to be processed at once. This was most commonly addressed by patch-based training (69%), downsampling (37%), and solving 3D analysis tasks as a series of 2D tasks. K-fold cross-validation on the training set was performed by only 37% of the participants and only 50% of the participants performed ensembling based on multiple identical models (61%) or heterogeneous models (39%). 48% of the respondents applied postprocessing steps.

Deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents are susceptible to adversarial noise in their observations that can mislead their policies and decrease their performance. However, an adversary may be interested not only in decreasing the reward, but also in modifying specific temporal logic properties of the policy. This paper presents a metric that measures the exact impact of adversarial attacks against such properties. We use this metric to craft optimal adversarial attacks. Furthermore, we introduce a model checking method that allows us to verify the robustness of RL policies against adversarial attacks. Our empirical analysis confirms (1) the quality of our metric to craft adversarial attacks against temporal logic properties, and (2) that we are able to concisely assess a system's robustness against attacks.

本文介绍了Cool-MC，这是一种集成了最先进的加固学习（RL）和模型检查的工具。具体而言，该工具建立在OpenAI健身房和概率模型检查器风暴上。COOL-MC提供以下功能：（1）模拟器在OpenAI体育馆训练RL政策，用于Markov决策过程（MDPS），这些模拟器定义为暴风雨的输入，（2）使用“ SORM”的新型号构建器，用于使用回调功能要验证（神经网络）RL策略，（3）与OpenAI Gym或Storm中指定的模型和政策相关的正式抽象，以及（4）算法以获得有关所谓允许政策的性能的界限。我们描述了Cool-MC的组件和体系结构，并在多个基准环境中演示了其功能。

将包装从存储设施运送到消费者前门的物流通常采用高度专业的机器人，通常会将子任务分配到不同的系统，例如，操纵器臂进行分类和轮式车辆进行交付。最近的努力试图通过腿部和人形机器人进行统一的方法。但是，这些解决方案占据了大量空间，从而减少了可以适合运送车辆的包装数量。结果，这些庞大的机器人系统通常会降低可伸缩性和并行任务的潜力。在本文中，我们介绍了Limms（锁存智能模块化移动系统），以解决典型的最后一英里交付的操纵和交付部分，同时保持最小的空间足迹。 Limms是一种对称设计的，6型自由度（DOF）的类似于附件的机器人，两端都带有轮子和闩锁机构。通过将锁在表面上并锚定在一端，Limms可以充当传统的6多型操纵器臂。另一方面，多个lims可以锁在一个盒子上，并且像腿部机器人系统一样行为，包装是身体。在运输过程中，与传统的机器人系统相比，LIMM紧紧地折叠起来，占用的空间要少得多。一大批limms单元可以安装在单个送货工具内部，为新的交付优化和混合计划方法开放，从未做过。在本文中，使用硬件原型研究和呈现了LIMM的可行性，以及在典型的最后一英里交付中的一系列子任务的仿真结果。

估计六级自由人体姿势的系统已有二十年多了。诸如运动捕获摄像机，高级游戏外围设备以及最近的深度学习技术和虚拟现实系统等技术都显示出令人印象深刻的结果。但是，大多数提供高精度和高精度的系统都是昂贵的，并且不容易操作。最近，已经进行了研究以使用HTC Vive虚拟现实系统估算人体姿势。该系统显示出准确的结果，同时将成本保持在1000美元以下。该系统使用光学方法。通过在接收器硬件上使用照片二极管来跟踪两个发射器设备发射红外脉冲和激光平面。以前开发了使用这些发射器设备与低成本定制接收器硬件结合使用的系统，但需要手动测量发射机设备的位置和方向。这些手动测量可能很耗时，容易出错，并且在特定设置中不可能。我们提出了一种算法，以使用自定义接收器/校准硬件的任何选择的环境中自动校准发射机设备的姿势。结果表明，校准在各种设置中起作用，同时比手动测量所允许的更准确。此外，校准运动和速度对结果的精度没有明显的影响。

在本文中，我们为LIMM介绍了一个运动计划者，该计划者是一个模块化的多模式包装输送平台。单个limms单元是一个机器人，它可以作为手臂或腿部操作，具体取决于它的附加方式和内容，例如，当操纵器固定在送货车内的墙壁上时，或将4个附加在盒子附加到盒子的墙壁上时。当每个限制的角色都可以扮演截然不同的角色时，在多个lim上进行协调，很快就会变得复杂。对于这样一个计划问题，我们首先构成了必要的逻辑和约束。然后，该公式将用于技能探索，并可以在精炼后在硬件上实现。为了解决此优化问题，我们使用乘数的交替方向方法（ADMM）。在各种情况下，对拟议的规划师进行了实验，该计划显示了LIMMS进入不同模式或组合的能力，以实现其移动运输箱的目标。

本文介绍了Scalucs，这是一种四足动物，该机器人在地上，悬垂和天花板上爬上攀爬，并在地面上爬行。 Scaleer是最早的自由度四束机器人之一，可以在地球的重力下自由攀爬，也是地面上最有效的四足动物之一。在其他最先进的登山者专门攀登自己的地方，Scaleer承诺使用有效载荷\ Textit {和}地面运动实践自由攀爬，这实现了真正的多功能移动性。新的攀登步态滑冰步态通过利用缩放器的身体连锁机制来增加有效载荷。 Scaleer在地面上达到了最大归一化的运动速度，即$ 1.87 $ /s，$ 0.56 $ m /s，$ 1.2 $ /min，或$ 0.42 $ m /min /min的岩石墙攀爬。有效载荷能力达到地面上缩放器重量的233美元，垂直墙上的$ 35 $％。我们的山羊抓手是一种机械适应的两指抓手，成功地抓住了凸凸和非凸的对象，并支持缩放器。