本文介绍了一个多模式的室内轨道图数据集，Odombeyondvision，具有不同频谱的多个传感器，并使用不同的移动平台收集。Odombeyondvision不仅包含传统的导航传感器，例如IMUS，机械激光镜，RGBD摄像头，还包括几个新兴传感器，例如单芯片MMWave Radar，LWIR热相机和固态激光雷达。在无人机，UGV和手持式平台上的上述传感器中，我们分别记录了各种室内场景和不同照明条件的多模式探光数据及其运动轨迹。我们释放了示例雷达，雷达惯性和热惯性循环仪的实现，以证明其未来工作的结果，以对其进行比较和改进。包括工具包和文档在内的完整数据集可公开可用：https：//github.com/maps-lab/odombeyondvision。

对不利环境中的行人无处不在的定位服务了很长的挑战。尽管深入学习的戏剧性进展，但多传感器深度测量系统却带来了高计算成本并随着时间的推移遭受累积漂移的错误。由于边缘设备的计算能力越来越多，我们通过在边缘与EKF（扩展卡尔曼滤波器） - 欧拉后端集成了最新的深径测量模型，提出了一种新的无处不在的定位解决方案。我们仔细比较并选择三个传感器模式，即惯性测量单元（IMU），毫米波（MMWAVE）雷达和热红外摄像机，并实现实时运行的深度内径推理引擎。提出了考虑精度，复杂性和边缘平台的深度径流的管道。我们设计一个Lora链接，用于定位数据回程，并将深度内径仪的聚合位置投影到全局框架中。我们发现简单的基于EKF的融合模块足以用于通用定位校准，具有超过34％的精度增长，针对任何独立的深径测量系统。不同环境的广泛测试验证了我们所提出的定位系统的效率和功效。

相机本地化是许多机器人应用的根本和关键问题。近年来，利用基于相机的本地化的深度学习已成为一种流行的研究方向。然而，它们缺乏对大域移位的鲁棒性，这可能是由训练和测试数据集之间的季节性或照明变化引起的。数据增强是一种解决此问题的有吸引力的方法，因为它不需要提供额外的数据。然而，现有的增强方法盲目地扰乱了所有像素，因此无法实现令人满意的性能。为了克服这个问题，我们提出了一个旨在专注于扰动图像的几何信息的系统的系统。因此，它学会生成仍然能够困惑网络的最小图像扰动。我们表明，当这些例子用作增强时，它大大提高了鲁棒性。我们表明，我们的方法优于先前的增强技术，并且在在“看不见”挑战性天气条件上测试时，比SOTA定位模型（例如，ATLOC和MAPNET）高达两倍的准确性。

The rapid development of technology has brought unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to become widely known in the current era. The market of UAVs is also predicted to continue growing with related technologies in the future. UAVs have been used in various sectors, including livestock, forestry, and agriculture. In agricultural applications, UAVs are highly capable of increasing the productivity of the farm and reducing farmers' workload. This paper discusses the application of UAVs in agriculture, particularly in spraying and crop monitoring. This study examines the urgency of UAV implementation in the agriculture sector. A short history of UAVs is provided in this paper to portray the development of UAVs from time to time. The classification of UAVs is also discussed to differentiate various types of UAVs. The application of UAVs in spraying and crop monitoring is based on the previous studies that have been done by many scientific groups and researchers who are working closely to propose solutions for agriculture-related issues. Furthermore, the limitations of UAV applications are also identified. The challenges in implementing agricultural UAVs in Indonesia are also presented.

A comprehensive pharmaceutical recommendation system was designed based on the patients and drugs features extracted from Drugs.com and Druglib.com. First, data from these databases were combined, and a dataset of patients and drug information was built. Secondly, the patients and drugs were clustered, and then the recommendation was performed using different ratings provided by patients, and importantly by the knowledge obtained from patients and drug specifications, and considering drug interactions. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first group to consider patients conditions and history in the proposed approach for selecting a specific medicine appropriate for that particular user. Our approach applies artificial intelligence (AI) models for the implementation. Sentiment analysis using natural language processing approaches is employed in pre-processing along with neural network-based methods and recommender system algorithms for modeling the system. In our work, patients conditions and drugs features are used for making two models based on matrix factorization. Then we used drug interaction to filter drugs with severe or mild interactions with other drugs. We developed a deep learning model for recommending drugs by using data from 2304 patients as a training set, and then we used data from 660 patients as our validation set. After that, we used knowledge from critical information about drugs and combined the outcome of the model into a knowledge-based system with the rules obtained from constraints on taking medicine.

How can we accurately identify new memory workloads while classifying known memory workloads? Verifying DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) using various workloads is an important task to guarantee the quality of DRAM. A crucial component in the process is open-set recognition which aims to detect new workloads not seen in the training phase. Despite its importance, however, existing open-set recognition methods are unsatisfactory in terms of accuracy since they fail to exploit the characteristics of workload sequences. In this paper, we propose Acorn, an accurate open-set recognition method capturing the characteristics of workload sequences. Acorn extracts two types of feature vectors to capture sequential patterns and spatial locality patterns in memory access. Acorn then uses the feature vectors to accurately classify a subsequence into one of the known classes or identify it as the unknown class. Experiments show that Acorn achieves state-of-the-art accuracy, giving up to 37% points higher unknown class detection accuracy while achieving comparable known class classification accuracy than existing methods.

Data heterogeneity across clients is a key challenge in federated learning. Prior works address this by either aligning client and server models or using control variates to correct client model drift. Although these methods achieve fast convergence in convex or simple non-convex problems, the performance in over-parameterized models such as deep neural networks is lacking. In this paper, we first revisit the widely used FedAvg algorithm in a deep neural network to understand how data heterogeneity influences the gradient updates across the neural network layers. We observe that while the feature extraction layers are learned efficiently by FedAvg, the substantial diversity of the final classification layers across clients impedes the performance. Motivated by this, we propose to correct model drift by variance reduction only on the final layers. We demonstrate that this significantly outperforms existing benchmarks at a similar or lower communication cost. We furthermore provide proof for the convergence rate of our algorithm.

Supervised machine learning-based medical image computing applications necessitate expert label curation, while unlabelled image data might be relatively abundant. Active learning methods aim to prioritise a subset of available image data for expert annotation, for label-efficient model training. We develop a controller neural network that measures priority of images in a sequence of batches, as in batch-mode active learning, for multi-class segmentation tasks. The controller is optimised by rewarding positive task-specific performance gain, within a Markov decision process (MDP) environment that also optimises the task predictor. In this work, the task predictor is a segmentation network. A meta-reinforcement learning algorithm is proposed with multiple MDPs, such that the pre-trained controller can be adapted to a new MDP that contains data from different institutes and/or requires segmentation of different organs or structures within the abdomen. We present experimental results using multiple CT datasets from more than one thousand patients, with segmentation tasks of nine different abdominal organs, to demonstrate the efficacy of the learnt prioritisation controller function and its cross-institute and cross-organ adaptability. We show that the proposed adaptable prioritisation metric yields converging segmentation accuracy for the novel class of kidney, unseen in training, using between approximately 40\% to 60\% of labels otherwise required with other heuristic or random prioritisation metrics. For clinical datasets of limited size, the proposed adaptable prioritisation offers a performance improvement of 22.6\% and 10.2\% in Dice score, for tasks of kidney and liver vessel segmentation, respectively, compared to random prioritisation and alternative active sampling strategies.

The primary obstacle to developing technologies for low-resource languages is the lack of representative, usable data. In this paper, we report the deployment of technology-driven data collection methods for creating a corpus of more than 60,000 translations from Hindi to Gondi, a low-resource vulnerable language spoken by around 2.3 million tribal people in south and central India. During this process, we help expand information access in Gondi across 2 different dimensions (a) The creation of linguistic resources that can be used by the community, such as a dictionary, children's stories, Gondi translations from multiple sources and an Interactive Voice Response (IVR) based mass awareness platform; (b) Enabling its use in the digital domain by developing a Hindi-Gondi machine translation model, which is compressed by nearly 4 times to enable it's edge deployment on low-resource edge devices and in areas of little to no internet connectivity. We also present preliminary evaluations of utilizing the developed machine translation model to provide assistance to volunteers who are involved in collecting more data for the target language. Through these interventions, we not only created a refined and evaluated corpus of 26,240 Hindi-Gondi translations that was used for building the translation model but also engaged nearly 850 community members who can help take Gondi onto the internet.

Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to be able to perform new tasks based on a few demonstrations or natural language instructions. While these capabilities have led to widespread adoption, most LLMs are developed by resource-rich organizations and are frequently kept from the public. As a step towards democratizing this powerful technology, we present BLOOM, a 176B-parameter open-access language model designed and built thanks to a collaboration of hundreds of researchers. BLOOM is a decoder-only Transformer language model that was trained on the ROOTS corpus, a dataset comprising hundreds of sources in 46 natural and 13 programming languages (59 in total). We find that BLOOM achieves competitive performance on a wide variety of benchmarks, with stronger results after undergoing multitask prompted finetuning. To facilitate future research and applications using LLMs, we publicly release our models and code under the Responsible AI License.