Feature transformation for AI is an essential task to boost the effectiveness and interpretability of machine learning (ML). Feature transformation aims to transform original data to identify an optimal feature space that enhances the performances of a downstream ML model. Existing studies either combines preprocessing, feature selection, and generation skills to empirically transform data, or automate feature transformation by machine intelligence, such as reinforcement learning. However, existing studies suffer from: 1) high-dimensional non-discriminative feature space; 2) inability to represent complex situational states; 3) inefficiency in integrating local and global feature information. To fill the research gap, we formulate the feature transformation task as an iterative, nested process of feature generation and selection, where feature generation is to generate and add new features based on original features, and feature selection is to remove redundant features to control the size of feature space. Finally, we present extensive experiments and case studies to illustrate 24.7\% improvements in F1 scores compared with SOTAs and robustness in high-dimensional data.

Human evaluation is the foundation upon which the evaluation of both summarization systems and automatic metrics rests. However, existing human evaluation protocols and benchmarks for summarization either exhibit low inter-annotator agreement or lack the scale needed to draw statistically significant conclusions, and an in-depth analysis of human evaluation is lacking. In this work, we address the shortcomings of existing summarization evaluation along the following axes: 1) We propose a modified summarization salience protocol, Atomic Content Units (ACUs), which relies on fine-grained semantic units and allows for high inter-annotator agreement. 2) We curate the Robust Summarization Evaluation (RoSE) benchmark, a large human evaluation dataset consisting of over 22k summary-level annotations over state-of-the-art systems on three datasets. 3) We compare our ACU protocol with three other human evaluation protocols, underscoring potential confounding factors in evaluation setups. 4) We evaluate existing automatic metrics using the collected human annotations across evaluation protocols and demonstrate how our benchmark leads to more statistically stable and significant results. Furthermore, our findings have important implications for evaluating large language models (LLMs), as we show that LLMs adjusted by human feedback (e.g., GPT-3.5) may overfit unconstrained human evaluation, which is affected by the annotators' prior, input-agnostic preferences, calling for more robust, targeted evaluation methods.

Image-based head swapping task aims to stitch a source head to another source body flawlessly. This seldom-studied task faces two major challenges: 1) Preserving the head and body from various sources while generating a seamless transition region. 2) No paired head swapping dataset and benchmark so far. In this paper, we propose an image-based head swapping framework (HS-Diffusion) which consists of a semantic-guided latent diffusion model (SG-LDM) and a semantic layout generator. We blend the semantic layouts of source head and source body, and then inpaint the transition region by the semantic layout generator, achieving a coarse-grained head swapping. SG-LDM can further implement fine-grained head swapping with the blended layout as condition by a progressive fusion process, while preserving source head and source body with high-quality reconstruction. To this end, we design a head-cover augmentation strategy for training and a neck alignment trick for geometric realism. Importantly, we construct a new image-based head swapping benchmark and propose two tailor-designed metrics (Mask-FID and Focal-FID). Extensive experiments demonstrate the superiority of our framework. The code will be available: https://github.com/qinghew/HS-Diffusion.

Recently, a large number of tuning strategies have been proposed to adapt pre-trained language models to downstream tasks. In this paper, we perform an extensive empirical evaluation of various tuning strategies for multilingual learning, particularly in the context of text summarization. Specifically, we explore the relative advantages of three families of multilingual tuning strategies (a total of five models) and empirically evaluate them for summarization over 45 languages. Experimentally, we not only established a new state-of-the-art on the XL-Sum dataset but also derive a series of observations that hopefully can provide hints for future research on the design of multilingual tuning strategies.

Modern embedding-based metrics for evaluation of generated text generally fall into one of two paradigms: discriminative metrics that are trained to directly predict which outputs are of higher quality according to supervised human annotations, and generative metrics that are trained to evaluate text based on the probabilities of a generative model. Both have their advantages; discriminative metrics are able to directly optimize for the problem of distinguishing between good and bad outputs, while generative metrics can be trained using abundant raw text. In this paper, we present a framework that combines the best of both worlds, using both supervised and unsupervised signals from whatever data we have available. We operationalize this idea by training T5Score, a metric that uses these training signals with mT5 as the backbone. We perform an extensive empirical comparison with other existing metrics on 5 datasets, 19 languages and 280 systems, demonstrating the utility of our method. Experimental results show that: T5Score achieves the best performance on all datasets against existing top-scoring metrics at the segment level. We release our code and models at https://github.com/qinyiwei/T5Score.

Transcranial temporal interference stimulation (tTIS) has been reported to be effective in stimulating deep brain structures in experimental studies. However, a computational framework for optimizing the tTIS strategy and simulating the impact of tTIS on the brain is still lacking, as previous methods rely on predefined parameters and hardly adapt to additional constraints. Here, we propose a general framework, namely multi-objective optimization via evolutionary algorithm (MOVEA), to solve the nonconvex optimization problem for various stimulation techniques, including tTIS and transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS). By optimizing the electrode montage in a two-stage structure, MOVEA can be compatible with additional constraints (e.g., the number of electrodes, additional avoidance regions), and MOVEA can accelerate to obtain the Pareto fronts. These Pareto fronts consist of a set of optimal solutions under different requirements, suggesting a trade-off relationship between conflicting objectives, such as intensity and focality. Based on MOVEA, we make comprehensive comparisons between tACS and tTIS in terms of intensity, focality and maneuverability for targets of different depths. Our results show that although the tTIS can only obtain a relatively low maximum achievable electric field strength, for example, the maximum intensity of motor area under tTIS is 0.42V /m, while 0.51V /m under tACS, it helps improve the focality by reducing 60% activated volume outside the target. We further perform ANOVA on the stimulation results of eight subjects with tACS and tTIS. Despite the individual differences in head models, our results suggest that tACS has a greater intensity and tTIS has a higher focality. These findings provide guidance on the choice between tACS and tTIS and indicate a great potential in tTIS-based personalized neuromodulation. Code will be released soon.

实时音乐伴奏的生成在音乐行业（例如音乐教育和现场表演）中具有广泛的应用。但是，自动实时音乐伴奏的产生仍在研究中，并且经常在逻辑延迟和暴露偏见之间取决于权衡。在本文中，我们提出了Song Driver，这是一种无逻辑延迟或暴露偏见的实时音乐伴奏系统。具体而言，Songdriver将一个伴奏的生成任务分为两个阶段：1）安排阶段，其中变压器模型首先安排了和弦，以实时进行输入旋律，并在下一阶段加速了和弦，而不是播放它们。 2）预测阶段，其中CRF模型基于先前缓存的和弦生成了即将到来的旋律的可播放的多轨伴奏。通过这种两相策略，歌手直接生成即将到来的旋律的伴奏，从而达到了零逻辑延迟。此外，在预测时间步的和弦时，歌手是指第一阶段的缓存和弦，而不是其先前的预测，这避免了暴露偏见问题。由于输入长度通常在实时条件下受到限制，因此另一个潜在的问题是长期顺序信息的丢失。为了弥补这一缺点，我们在当前时间步骤作为全球信息之前从长期音乐作品中提取了四个音乐功能。在实验中，我们在一些开源数据集上训练歌手，以及由中国风格的现代流行音乐得分构建的原始\```````'''aisong数据集。结果表明，歌手在客观和主观指标上均优于现有的SOTA（最先进）模型，同时大大降低了物理潜伏期。

已经观察到，可以从这两种方式中提取视听嵌入，以获得人验证的稳健性。但是，似乎从每个帧中生成单个话语表示的聚合器似乎并未得到很好的探索。在本文中，我们提出了一个视听网络，该网络从融合的角度考虑聚合器。我们首次在面对面验证中引入了改进的细心统计数据。然后，我们发现合并过程中的模式之间存在很强的相关性，因此提出了关节关注的合并，其中包含循环一致性以学习隐式框架间的重量。最后，将这种方式与封闭的注意机制融合在一起。所有提出的型号均在Voxceleb2开发数据集上进行培训，最佳系统分别在Voxceleb1的三个正式步道列表中获得0.18 \％，0.27 \％和0.49 \％EER，据我们所知，这是个人发布的最佳成绩确认。作为分析，生成可视化图来解释该系统如何在模态之间相互作用。

旋转速度是要测量的重要指标之一，用于校准制造中的电动机，在汽车维修期间监视发动机，电气设备上的故障等。或在现实世界应用程序方案中使用不便。在本文中，我们提出了通过在移动设备上有效的动态视觉传感的基于事件的转速表。通过将动态视觉传感器作为一种新的传感模式引入动态视觉传感器，将EV-TACH设计为高保真和方便的转速表，以在各种现实世界中精确地捕获高速旋转。通过设计一系列的信号处理算法定制，用于移动设备上的动态视觉感测，EV-TACH能够从旋转目标上的动态视觉传感产生的事件流中准确提取旋转速度。根据我们的广泛评估，EV-TACH的相对平均绝对误差（RMAE）高达0.03％，在固定测量模式下与最先进的激光转速计相当。此外，EV-TACH对于用户手的微妙运动具有鲁棒性，因此可以用作手持设备，在该设备中，激光转速计无法产生合理的结果。

手指静脉识别是一种新兴的生物识别识别技术。与人体表面上的其他生物特征不同，手指的静脉血管组织被埋在皮肤深处。由于这种优势，手指静脉识别是高度稳定和私人的。它们几乎不可能被外部条件偷走且难以干预。与基于传统机器学习的手指静脉识别方法不同，人工神经网络技术，尤其是深度学习，它不依赖功能工程并具有出色的性能。为了总结基于人工神经网络的手指静脉识别的发展，本文收集了149篇相关论文。首先，我们介绍了手指静脉识别的背景和这项调查的动机。然后，引入了人工神经网络的发展历史和手指静脉识别任务上的代表网络。然后描述在手指静脉识别中广泛使用的公共数据集。之后，我们分别基于经典神经网络和深层神经网络总结了相关的手指静脉识别任务。最后，讨论了手指静脉识别的挑战和潜在发展方向。据我们所知，本文是第一次综合调查，重点是基于人工神经网络的指静脉识别。