对于普通人来说，了解唇部运动并从中推断出讲话是很困难的。准确的唇部阅读的任务从说话者的各种线索及其上下文或环境环境中获得帮助。每个演讲者都有不同的口音和说话风格，可以从他们的视觉和语音功能中推断出来。这项工作旨在了解语音和单个说话者在不受约束和大型词汇中的嘴唇运动顺序之间的相关性/映射。我们将帧序列建模为在自动编码器设置中的变压器之前，并学会了利用音频和视频的时间属性的关节嵌入。我们使用深度度量学习学习时间同步，这指导解码器与输入唇部运动同步生成语音。因此，预测性后部为我们提供了以说话者的说话风格产生的演讲。我们已经在网格和LIP2WAV化学讲座数据集上训练了模型，以评估在不受限制的自然环境中唇部运动的单个扬声器自然语音生成任务。使用人类评估的各种定性和定量指标进行了广泛的评估还表明，我们的方法在几乎所有评估指标上都优于lip2wav化学数据集（在不受约束的环境中的大词汇）（在不受约束的环境中的大词汇），并且在边缘上胜过了较大的范围。网格数据集。

遗憾已被广泛用作评估分布式多代理系统在线优化算法的性能的首选指标。但是，与代理相关的数据/模型变化可以显着影响决策，并需要在代理之间达成共识。此外，大多数现有的作品都集中在开发（强烈或非严格地）凸出的方法上，对于一般非凸损失的分布式在线优化中的遗憾界限，几乎没有得到很少的结果。为了解决这两个问题，我们提出了一种新型的综合遗憾，并使用新的基于网络的基于遗憾的度量标准来评估分布式在线优化算法。我们具体地定义了复合遗憾的静态和动态形式。通过利用我们的综合遗憾的动态形式，我们开发了一种基于共识的在线归一化梯度（CONGD）的伪convex损失方法，事实证明，它显示了与最佳器路径变化的规律性术语有关的透明性行为。对于一般的非凸损失，我们首先阐明了基于最近进步的分布式在线非凸学习的遗憾，因此没有确定性算法可以实现sublinear的遗憾。然后，我们根据离线优化的Oracle开发了分布式的在线非凸优化（Dinoco），而无需进入梯度。迪诺科（Dinoco）被证明是统一的遗憾。据我们所知，这是对一般分布在线非convex学习的第一个遗憾。

置换不变的神经网络是从集合进行预测的有前途的工具。但是，我们表明，现有的置换式体系结构，深度集和固定的变压器可能会在深度时消失或爆炸。此外，层规范（SET变压器中选择的归一化）可能会通过删除对预测有用的信息来损害性能。为了解决这些问题，我们介绍了白皮剩余连接的干净路径原理，并开发了设置规范，这是针对集合量身定制的标准化。有了这些，我们构建了Deep Sets ++和SET Transformer ++，该模型比其在各种任务套件上的原始配对品具有可比性或更好的性能。我们还引入了Flow-RBC，这是一种新的单细胞数据集和置换不变预测的现实应用。我们在此处开放数据和代码：https：//github.com/rajesh-lab/deep_permunt_invariant。

影响重症患者护理的许多基本问题会带来类似的分析挑战：医生无法轻易估计处于危险的医疗状况或治疗的影响，因为医疗状况和药物的因果影响是纠缠的。他们也无法轻易进行研究：没有足够的高质量数据来进行高维观察性因果推断，并且通常无法在道德上进行RCT。但是，机械知识可获得，包括如何吸收人体药物，并且这些知识与有限数据的结合可能就足够了 - 如果我们知道如何结合它们。在这项工作中，我们提出了一个框架，用于在这些复杂条件下对重症患者的因果影响估算：随着时间的流逝，药物与观察之间的相互作用，不大的患者数据集以及可以代替缺乏数据的机械知识。我们将此框架应用于影响重症患者的极其重要的问题，即癫痫发作和大脑中其他潜在有害的电气事件的影响（称为癫痫样活动 - EA）对结局。鉴于涉及的高赌注和数据中的高噪声，可解释性对于解决此类复杂问题的故障排除至关重要。我们匹配的小组的解释性使神经科医生可以执行图表审查，以验证我们的因果分析的质量。例如，我们的工作表明，患者经历了高水平的癫痫发作般的活动（75％的EA负担），并且未经治疗的六个小时的窗口未受治疗，平均而言，这种不良后果的机会增加了16.7％。作为严重的大脑损伤，终生残疾或死亡。我们发现患有轻度但长期EA的患者（平均EA负担> = 50％）患有不良结果的风险增加了11.2％。

我们提出了一种新的多功能增强学习的新型政策梯度方法，其利用了两个不同的差异减少技术，并且不需要在迭代上进行大量批次。具体而言，我们提出了一种基于势头的分散策略梯度跟踪（MDPGT），其中使用新的基于动量的方差减少技术来接近具有重要性采样的本地策略梯度代理，并采用中间参数来跟踪两个连续的策略梯度代理。此外，MDPGT可证明$ \ mathcal {o}的最佳可用样本复杂性（n ^ { - 1} \ epsilon ^ {-3}）$，用于汇聚到全球平均值的$ \ epsilon $ -stationary点n $本地性能函数（可能是非旋转）。这优于在分散的无模型增强学习中的最先进的样本复杂性，并且当用单个轨迹初始化时，采样复杂性与现有的分散的政策梯度方法获得的样本复杂性匹配。我们进一步验证了高斯策略函数的理论索赔。当所需的误差容忍$ \ epsilon $足够小时，MDPGT导致线性加速，以前已经在分散的随机优化中建立，但不是为了加强学习。最后，我们在多智能体增强学习基准环境下提供了实证结果，以支持我们的理论发现。

贝叶斯建模可帮助应用研究人员阐明其数据的假设，并开发针对特定应用程序量身定制的模型。得益于近似后验推断的良好方法，研究人员现在可以轻松地构建，使用和修改复杂的贝叶斯模型，以获取大型和丰富的数据。但是，这些能力将重点放在模型批评的问题上。研究人员需要工具来诊断其模型的适应性，了解他们的位置不足并指导其修订。在本文中，我们为贝叶斯模型批评开发了一种新方法，即人群预测检查（POP-PC）。 POP-PC建立在后验预测检查（PPC）上，这是一种开创性方法，该方法通过评估观察到的数据上的后验预测分布来检查模型。但是，PPC使用两次数据 - 既可以计算后验预测性并评估它），这可能会导致对模型质量的过度自信评估。相比之下，POP-PC将后验预测分布与人口分布（持有数据集）的抽签进行了比较。这种方法将贝叶斯建模与频繁评估混合在一起。与PPC不同，我们证明了POP-PC已正确校准。从经验上讲，我们研究了经典回归和文本数据层次模型的POP-PC。

Variational inference has become a widely used method to approximate posteriors in complex latent variables models. However, deriving a variational inference algorithm generally requires significant model-specific analysis, and these efforts can hinder and deter us from quickly developing and exploring a variety of models for a problem at hand. In this paper, we present a "black box" variational inference algorithm, one that can be quickly applied to many models with little additional derivation. Our method is based on a stochastic optimization of the variational objective where the noisy gradient is computed from Monte Carlo samples from the variational distribution. We develop a number of methods to reduce the variance of the gradient, always maintaining the criterion that we want to avoid difficult model-based derivations. We evaluate our method against the corresponding black box sampling based methods. We find that our method reaches better predictive likelihoods much faster than sampling methods. Finally, we demonstrate that Black Box Variational Inference lets us easily explore a wide space of models by quickly constructing and evaluating several models of longitudinal healthcare data.

The recent increase in public and academic interest in preserving biodiversity has led to the growth of the field of conservation technology. This field involves designing and constructing tools that utilize technology to aid in the conservation of wildlife. In this article, we will use case studies to demonstrate the importance of designing conservation tools with human-wildlife interaction in mind and provide a framework for creating successful tools. These case studies include a range of complexities, from simple cat collars to machine learning and game theory methodologies. Our goal is to introduce and inform current and future researchers in the field of conservation technology and provide references for educating the next generation of conservation technologists. Conservation technology not only has the potential to benefit biodiversity but also has broader impacts on fields such as sustainability and environmental protection. By using innovative technologies to address conservation challenges, we can find more effective and efficient solutions to protect and preserve our planet's resources.

We present the interpretable meta neural ordinary differential equation (iMODE) method to rapidly learn generalizable (i.e., not parameter-specific) dynamics from trajectories of multiple dynamical systems that vary in their physical parameters. The iMODE method learns meta-knowledge, the functional variations of the force field of dynamical system instances without knowing the physical parameters, by adopting a bi-level optimization framework: an outer level capturing the common force field form among studied dynamical system instances and an inner level adapting to individual system instances. A priori physical knowledge can be conveniently embedded in the neural network architecture as inductive bias, such as conservative force field and Euclidean symmetry. With the learned meta-knowledge, iMODE can model an unseen system within seconds, and inversely reveal knowledge on the physical parameters of a system, or as a Neural Gauge to "measure" the physical parameters of an unseen system with observed trajectories. We test the validity of the iMODE method on bistable, double pendulum, Van der Pol, Slinky, and reaction-diffusion systems.

While the brain connectivity network can inform the understanding and diagnosis of developmental dyslexia, its cause-effect relationships have not yet enough been examined. Employing electroencephalography signals and band-limited white noise stimulus at 4.8 Hz (prosodic-syllabic frequency), we measure the phase Granger causalities among channels to identify differences between dyslexic learners and controls, thereby proposing a method to calculate directional connectivity. As causal relationships run in both directions, we explore three scenarios, namely channels' activity as sources, as sinks, and in total. Our proposed method can be used for both classification and exploratory analysis. In all scenarios, we find confirmation of the established right-lateralized Theta sampling network anomaly, in line with the temporal sampling framework's assumption of oscillatory differences in the Theta and Gamma bands. Further, we show that this anomaly primarily occurs in the causal relationships of channels acting as sinks, where it is significantly more pronounced than when only total activity is observed. In the sink scenario, our classifier obtains 0.84 and 0.88 accuracy and 0.87 and 0.93 AUC for the Theta and Gamma bands, respectively.