General perception systems such as Perceivers can process arbitrary modalities in any combination and are able to handle up to a few hundred thousand inputs. They achieve this generality by using exclusively global attention operations. This however hinders them from scaling up to the inputs sizes required to process raw high-resolution images or video. In this paper, we show that some degree of locality can be introduced back into these models, greatly improving their efficiency while preserving their generality. To scale them further, we introduce a self-supervised approach that enables learning dense low-dimensional positional embeddings for very large signals. We call the resulting model a Hierarchical Perceiver (HiP). In sum our contributions are: 1) scaling Perceiver-type models to raw high-resolution images and audio+video, 2) showing the feasibility of learning 1M+ positional embeddings from scratch using masked auto-encoding, 3) demonstrating competitive performance on raw data from ImageNet, AudioSet, PASCAL VOC, ModelNet40 and Kinetics datasets with the same exact, unchanged model and without specialized preprocessing or any tokenization.

自我监督学习（SSL）的承诺是利用大量未标记的数据来解决复杂的任务。尽管简单，图像级学习取得了出色的进步，但最新方法显示出包括图像结构知识的优势。但是，通过引入手工制作的图像分割来定义感兴趣的区域或专门的增强策略，这些方法牺牲了使SSL如此强大的简单性和通用性。取而代之的是，我们提出了一个自我监督的学习范式，该学习范式本身会发现这种图像结构。我们的方法，ODIN，夫妻对象发现和表示网络，以发现有意义的图像分割，而无需任何监督。由此产生的学习范式更简单，更易碎，更一般，并且取得了最先进的转移学习结果，以进行对象检测和实例对可可的细分，以及对Pascal和CityScapes的语义细分，同时超过监督的预先培训，用于戴维斯的视频细分。

在计算机愿景的许多领域，转向端到端深度学习引起了前所未有的进展。然而，存在输入图像过大的情况，认为不可能实现端到端的方法。在本文中，我们介绍了一个新的网络，放大网络（磁铁），其可以独立于输入图像尺寸训练端到端。磁铁以新的方式将卷积神经网络与可微分的空间变压器相结合，以便在数十亿像素中从图像导航和成功学习。从普通明田显微镜的放大性，磁铁处理图像的下采样版本，没有监督的吸引力，并且没有监督了如何识别可能对手头的任务有价值的区域，递归地重复每个过程提取的斑块。我们的结果在公开可用的Camelyon16和Camelyon17数据集首先得到了磁铁的有效性和所提出的优化框架，第二个，展示了磁铁的内置透明度的优势，对于医学诊断等关键过程至关重要的属性。

无意识和自发的，微小表达在一个人的真实情绪的推动中是有用的，即使尝试隐藏它们。由于它们短的持续时间和低强度，对微表达的识别是情感计算中的艰巨任务。基于手工制作的时空特征的早期工作最近被不同的深度学习方法取代了现在竞争最先进的性能。然而，捕获本地和全球时空模式的问题仍然挑战。为此，本文我们提出了一种新颖的时空变压器架构 - 据我们所知，是微表达识别的第一种纯粹变压器的方法（即任何卷积网络使用的方法）。该架构包括用于学习空间模式的空间编码器，用于时间维度分析的时间聚合器和分类头。三种广泛使用的自发性微表达数据集，即Smic-HS，Casme II和SAMM的综合评估表明，该方法始终如一地优于现有技术，是发表在微表达上发表文献中的第一个框架在任何上述数据集上识别以实现未加权的F1分数大于0.9。

最近的3D Vision进步已经受到包括几何诱导偏见的专业架构的推动。在本文中，我们使用域名可靠架构来解决3D重建，并将与模型的额外输入直接注入相同类型的电感偏差。这种方法使得可以应用现有的一般模型，例如感知的富域，而无需架构更改，同时保持定制模型的数据效率。特别是我们研究如何将摄像机，投影射线发射和末端几何形式作为模型输入进行编码，并在多个基准上展示竞争性的多视图深度估计性能。

Videos are a rich source of multi-modal supervision. In this work, we learn representations using self-supervision by leveraging three modalities naturally present in videos: visual, audio and language streams. To this end, we introduce the notion of a multimodal versatile network -a network that can ingest multiple modalities and whose representations enable downstream tasks in multiple modalities. In particular, we explore how best to combine the modalities, such that fine-grained representations of the visual and audio modalities can be maintained, whilst also integrating text into a common embedding. Driven by versatility, we also introduce a novel process of deflation, so that the networks can be effortlessly applied to the visual data in the form of video or a static image. We demonstrate how such networks trained on large collections of unlabelled video data can be applied on video, video-text, image and audio tasks. Equipped with these representations, we obtain state-of-the-art performance on multiple challenging benchmarks including UCF101, HMDB51, Kinetics600, Audioset and ESC-50 when compared to previous self-supervised work. Our models are publicly available [1, 2, 3]. * Equal contribution. † Work done during an internship at DeepMind. 34th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS 2020),

In this paper our objectives are, first, networks that can embed audio and visual inputs into a common space that is suitable for cross-modal retrieval; and second, a network that can localize the object that sounds in an image, given the audio signal. We achieve both these objectives by training from unlabelled video using only audio-visual correspondence (AVC) as the objective function. This is a form of crossmodal self-supervision from video. To this end, we design new network architectures that can be trained for cross-modal retrieval and localizing the sound source in an image, by using the AVC task. We make the following contributions: (i) show that audio and visual embeddings can be learnt that enable both within-mode (e.g. audio-to-audio) and between-mode retrieval; (ii) explore various architectures for the AVC task, including those for the visual stream that ingest a single image, or multiple images, or a single image and multi-frame optical flow; (iii) show that the semantic object that sounds within an image can be localized (using only the sound, no motion or flow information); and (iv) give a cautionary tale on how to avoid undesirable shortcuts in the data preparation.

We consider the question: what can be learnt by looking at and listening to a large number of unlabelled videos? There is a valuable, but so far untapped, source of information contained in the video itself -the correspondence between the visual and the audio streams, and we introduce a novel "Audio-Visual Correspondence" learning task that makes use of this. Training visual and audio networks from scratch, without any additional supervision other than the raw unconstrained videos themselves, is shown to successfully solve this task, and, more interestingly, result in good visual and audio representations. These features set the new state-of-the-art on two sound classification benchmarks, and perform on par with the state-of-the-art selfsupervised approaches on ImageNet classification. We also demonstrate that the network is able to localize objects in both modalities, as well as perform fine-grained recognition tasks.

We tackle the problem of large scale visual place recognition, where the task is to quickly and accurately recognize the location of a given query photograph. We present the following three principal contributions. First, we develop a convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture that is trainable in an end-to-end manner directly for the place recognition task. The main component of this architecture, NetVLAD, is a new generalized VLAD layer, inspired by the "Vector of Locally Aggregated Descriptors" image representation commonly used in image retrieval. The layer is readily pluggable into any CNN architecture and amenable to training via backpropagation. Second, we develop a training procedure, based on a new weakly supervised ranking loss, to learn parameters of the architecture in an end-to-end manner from images depicting the same places over time downloaded from Google Street View Time Machine. Finally, we show that the proposed architecture significantly outperforms non-learnt image representations and off-the-shelf CNN descriptors on two challenging place recognition benchmarks, and improves over current stateof-the-art compact image representations on standard image retrieval benchmarks.