连续空间中单词的学习表示可能是NLP中最基本的任务，但是单词以比向量点产品相似性提供的富裕方式相互作用。单词之间的许多关系可以从理论上表达为设置，例如形容词 - 名称化合物（例如“红色汽车” $ \ subseteq $“ Cars”）和同符（例如，“舌头” $ \ cap $应该是与“口”相似，而“舌头” $ \ cap $“语言”应该与“方言”相似）具有自然的理论解释。盒子嵌入是一种新型基于区域的表示，可提供执行这些设定理论操作的能力。在这项工作中，我们提供了对盒子嵌入的模糊集解释，并使用设定理论训练目标学习单词的框表示。我们在各种单词相似性任务上，尤其是在较不常见的单词上表现出改善的性能，并执行定量和定性分析，以探讨Word2box提供的其他独特表达性。

The advances in Artificial Intelligence are creating new opportunities to improve lives of people around the world, from business to healthcare, from lifestyle to education. For example, some systems profile the users using their demographic and behavioral characteristics to make certain domain-specific predictions. Often, such predictions impact the life of the user directly or indirectly (e.g., loan disbursement, determining insurance coverage, shortlisting applications, etc.). As a result, the concerns over such AI-enabled systems are also increasing. To address these concerns, such systems are mandated to be responsible i.e., transparent, fair, and explainable to developers and end-users. In this paper, we present ComplAI, a unique framework to enable, observe, analyze and quantify explainability, robustness, performance, fairness, and model behavior in drift scenarios, and to provide a single Trust Factor that evaluates different supervised Machine Learning models not just from their ability to make correct predictions but from overall responsibility perspective. The framework helps users to (a) connect their models and enable explanations, (b) assess and visualize different aspects of the model, such as robustness, drift susceptibility, and fairness, and (c) compare different models (from different model families or obtained through different hyperparameter settings) from an overall perspective thereby facilitating actionable recourse for improvement of the models. It is model agnostic and works with different supervised machine learning scenarios (i.e., Binary Classification, Multi-class Classification, and Regression) and frameworks. It can be seamlessly integrated with any ML life-cycle framework. Thus, this already deployed framework aims to unify critical aspects of Responsible AI systems for regulating the development process of such real systems.

Opinion mining is the branch of computation that deals with opinions, appraisals, attitudes, and emotions of people and their different aspects. This field has attracted substantial research interest in recent years. Aspect-level (called aspect-based opinion mining) is often desired in practical applications as it provides detailed opinions or sentiments about different aspects of entities and entities themselves, which are usually required for action. Aspect extraction and entity extraction are thus two core tasks of aspect-based opinion mining. his paper has presented a framework of aspect-based opinion mining based on the concept of transfer learning. on real-world customer reviews available on the Amazon website. The model has yielded quite satisfactory results in its task of aspect-based opinion mining.

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have recently emerged as a promising learning paradigm in learning graph-structured data and have demonstrated wide success across various domains such as recommendation systems, social networks, and electronic design automation (EDA). Like other deep learning (DL) methods, GNNs are being deployed in sophisticated modern hardware systems, as well as dedicated accelerators. However, despite the popularity of GNNs and the recent efforts of bringing GNNs to hardware, the fault tolerance and resilience of GNNs has generally been overlooked. Inspired by the inherent algorithmic resilience of DL methods, this paper conducts, for the first time, a large-scale and empirical study of GNN resilience, aiming to understand the relationship between hardware faults and GNN accuracy. By developing a customized fault injection tool on top of PyTorch, we perform extensive fault injection experiments to various GNN models and application datasets. We observe that the error resilience of GNN models varies by orders of magnitude with respect to different models and application datasets. Further, we explore a low-cost error mitigation mechanism for GNN to enhance its resilience. This GNN resilience study aims to open up new directions and opportunities for future GNN accelerator design and architectural optimization.

We consider the problem of learning the structure underlying a Gaussian graphical model when the variables (or subsets thereof) are corrupted by independent noise. A recent line of work establishes that even for tree-structured graphical models, only partial structure recovery is possible and goes on to devise algorithms to identify the structure up to an (unavoidable) equivalence class of trees. We extend these results beyond trees and consider the model selection problem under noise for non tree-structured graphs, as tree graphs cannot model several real-world scenarios. Although unidentifiable, we show that, like the tree-structured graphs, the ambiguity is limited to an equivalence class. This limited ambiguity can help provide meaningful clustering information (even with noise), which is helpful in computer and social networks, protein-protein interaction networks, and power networks. Furthermore, we devise an algorithm based on a novel ancestral testing method for recovering the equivalence class. We complement these results with finite sample guarantees for the algorithm in the high-dimensional regime.

Many scientific domains gather sufficient labels to train machine algorithms through human-in-the-loop techniques provided by the Zooniverse.org citizen science platform. As the range of projects, task types and data rates increase, acceleration of model training is of paramount concern to focus volunteer effort where most needed. The application of Transfer Learning (TL) between Zooniverse projects holds promise as a solution. However, understanding the effectiveness of TL approaches that pretrain on large-scale generic image sets vs. images with similar characteristics possibly from similar tasks is an open challenge. We apply a generative segmentation model on two Zooniverse project-based data sets: (1) to identify fat droplets in liver cells (FatChecker; FC) and (2) the identification of kelp beds in satellite images (Floating Forests; FF) through transfer learning from the first project. We compare and contrast its performance with a TL model based on the COCO image set, and subsequently with baseline counterparts. We find that both the FC and COCO TL models perform better than the baseline cases when using >75% of the original training sample size. The COCO-based TL model generally performs better than the FC-based one, likely due to its generalized features. Our investigations provide important insights into usage of TL approaches on multi-domain data hosted across different Zooniverse projects, enabling future projects to accelerate task completion.

Long-range context modeling is crucial to both dialogue understanding and generation. The most popular method for dialogue context representation is to concatenate the last-$k$ previous utterances. However, this method may not be ideal for conversations containing long-range dependencies. In this work, we propose DialoGX, a novel encoder-decoder based framework for conversational response generation with a generalized and explainable context representation that can look beyond the last-$k$ utterances. Hence the method is adaptive to conversations with long-range dependencies. The main idea of our approach is to identify and utilize the most relevant historical utterances instead of the last-$k$ utterances in chronological order. We study the effectiveness of our proposed method on both dialogue generation (open-domain) and understanding (DST) tasks. DialoGX achieves comparable performance with the state-of-the-art models on DailyDialog dataset. We also observe performance gain in existing DST models with our proposed context representation strategy on MultiWOZ dataset. We justify our context representation through the lens of psycholinguistics and show that the relevance score of previous utterances agrees well with human cognition which makes DialoGX explainable as well.

基于标记的光运动捕获（OMC）系统和相关的肌肉骨骼（MSK）建模预测提供了能够洞悉体内关节和肌肉载荷的能力，并有助于临床决策。但是，OMC系统基于实验室，昂贵，需要视线。一种广泛使用的替代方案是惯性运动捕获（IMC）系统，该系统具有便携式，用户友好且相对较低的成本，尽管它不如OMC系统准确。不管选择运动捕获技术的选择，都需要使用MSK模型来获取运动学和动力学输出，这是一种计算昂贵的工具，越来越多地通过机器学习（ML）方法近似。在这里，我们提出了一种ML方法，将IMC数据映射到从OMC输入数据计算出的人类上限MSK输出。从本质上讲，我们试图从相对易于获取的IMC数据中预测高质量的MSK输出。我们使用同一受试者同时收集的OMC和IMC数据来训练ML（前馈多层感知器）模型，该模型可预测IMC测量值的基于OMC的MSK输出。我们证明我们的ML预测与所需的基于OMC的MSK估计值具有很高的一致性。因此，这种方法将有助于将基于OMC的系统不可行的“实验室到现场”的技术发挥作用。

旨在进行巴氏杀菌和量化特定现象的任何方法都必须包括使用强大的统计方法进行数据分析。考虑到这一点，这项研究的目的是介绍非参数非均匀数据框架中可能采用的统计方法，并检查其在自然语言处理和语言集群领域的应用。此外，本文讨论了语言数据挖掘和处理中非参数方法的许多用途。数据深度思想允许在任何维度上进行中心排序，从而导致新的非参数多元统计分析，该分析不需要任何分布假设。层次结构的概念用于历史语言分类和结构化，其目的是使用相同的前提将语言组织和聚集到亚家族中。在这方面，当前的研究提出了一种基于通过各种语言的单词类型结构产生的非参数方法的语言家族结构的新方法，然后使用MDS将其转换为笛卡尔框架。这种基于统计深度的架构允许使用基于数据深度的方法来实现强大的离群检测，这对于理解各种边界语言的分类非常有用，并允许对现有分类系统进行重新评估。其他基于深度的方法也适用于无监督和监督聚类等过程。因此，本文概述了可以在非参数框架中应用于非均匀语言分类系统的过程。

听觉对于自动驾驶汽车（AV）至关重要，以更好地感知其周围环境。尽管相机，激光雷达和雷达等AV的视觉传感器有助于看到其周围环境，但AV无法看到这些传感器的视线。另一方面，视线无法阻碍AV的听力感。例如，即使紧急车辆不在AV的视线之内，AV也可以通过音频分类识别紧急车辆的警笛。因此，听觉感知与相机，激光雷达和基于雷达的感知系统互补。本文提出了一个基于深度学习的强大音频分类框架，旨在提高对AV的环境感知。提出的框架利用深度卷积神经网络（CNN）来对不同的音频类进行分类。 Urbansound8K是一个城市环境数据集，用于训练和测试开发的框架。七个音频课程，即空调，汽车喇叭，儿童播放，狗皮，发动机空闲，枪声和警报器，是从urbansound8k数据集中识别的，因为它们与AVS相关。我们的框架可以以97.82％的精度对不同的音频类别进行分类。此外，介绍了所有十个类的音频分类精度，这证明，与现有的音频分类框架相比，在与AV相关的声音的情况下，我们的框架的性能更好。