Label Shift has been widely believed to be harmful to the generalization performance of machine learning models. Researchers have proposed many approaches to mitigate the impact of the label shift, e.g., balancing the training data. However, these methods often consider the underparametrized regime, where the sample size is much larger than the data dimension. The research under the overparametrized regime is very limited. To bridge this gap, we propose a new asymptotic analysis of the Fisher Linear Discriminant classifier for binary classification with label shift. Specifically, we prove that there exists a phase transition phenomenon: Under certain overparametrized regime, the classifier trained using imbalanced data outperforms the counterpart with reduced balanced data. Moreover, we investigate the impact of regularization to the label shift: The aforementioned phase transition vanishes as the regularization becomes strong.

Data-driven identification of differential equations is an interesting but challenging problem, especially when the given data are corrupted by noise. When the governing differential equation is a linear combination of various differential terms, the identification problem can be formulated as solving a linear system, with the feature matrix consisting of linear and nonlinear terms multiplied by a coefficient vector. This product is equal to the time derivative term, and thus generates dynamical behaviors. The goal is to identify the correct terms that form the equation to capture the dynamics of the given data. We propose a general and robust framework to recover differential equations using a weak formulation, for both ordinary and partial differential equations (ODEs and PDEs). The weak formulation facilitates an efficient and robust way to handle noise. For a robust recovery against noise and the choice of hyper-parameters, we introduce two new mechanisms, narrow-fit and trimming, for the coefficient support and value recovery, respectively. For each sparsity level, Subspace Pursuit is utilized to find an initial set of support from the large dictionary. Then, we focus on highly dynamic regions (rows of the feature matrix), and error normalize the feature matrix in the narrow-fit step. The support is further updated via trimming of the terms that contribute the least. Finally, the support set of features with the smallest Cross-Validation error is chosen as the result. A comprehensive set of numerical experiments are presented for both systems of ODEs and PDEs with various noise levels. The proposed method gives a robust recovery of the coefficients, and a significant denoising effect which can handle up to $100\%$ noise-to-signal ratio for some equations. We compare the proposed method with several state-of-the-art algorithms for the recovery of differential equations.

过度参数化的神经网络在复杂数据上具有很大的代表能力，更重要的是产生足够平滑的输出，这对于它们的概括和稳健性至关重要。大多数现有函数近似理论表明，使用足够多的参数，神经网络可以很好地近似于功能值的某些类别的函数。然而，神经网络本身可能是高度平滑的。为了弥合这一差距，我们以卷积残留网络（Rescresnets）为例，并证明大型响应不仅可以在功能值方面近似目标函数，而且还可以表现出足够的一阶平滑度。此外，我们将理论扩展到在低维歧管上支持的近似功能。我们的理论部分证明了在实践中使用深层网络的好处。提供了关于对抗性鲁棒图像分类的数值实验，以支持我们的理论。

无限尺寸空间之间的学习运营商是机器学习，成像科学，数学建模和仿真等广泛应用中出现的重要学习任务。本文研究了利用深神经网络的Lipschitz运营商的非参数估计。 Non-asymptotic upper bounds are derived for the generalization error of the empirical risk minimizer over a properly chosen network class.在假设目标操作员表现出低维结构的情况下，由于训练样本大小增加，我们的误差界限衰减，根据我们估计中的内在尺寸，具有吸引力的快速速度。我们的假设涵盖了实际应用中的大多数情况，我们的结果通过利用操作员估算中的低维结构来产生快速速率。我们还研究了网络结构（例如，网络宽度，深度和稀疏性）对神经网络估计器的泛化误差的影响，并提出了对网络结构的选择来定量地最大化学习效率的一般建议。

生成的对抗网络（GAN）在无监督学习方面取得了巨大的成功。尽管具有显着的经验表现，但关于gan的统计特性的理论研究有限。本文提供了gan的近似值和统计保证，以估算具有H \“ {o} lder空间密度的数据分布。我们的主要结果表明，如果正确选择了生成器和鉴别器网络架构，则gan是一致的估计器在较强的差异指标下的数据分布（例如Wasserstein-1距离。 ，这不受环境维度的诅咒。我们对低维数据的分析基于具有Lipschitz连续性保证的神经网络的通用近似理论，这可能具有独立的兴趣。

许多感兴趣的功能在高维空间中，但表现出低维结构。本文研究了$ s $ -h \“{o}} {o}} \ m $ \ mathbb {r} ^ d $的回归，这沿着维度$ d $的中央子空间差异，而$ d \ ll d $。 $ \ mathbb {r} ^ d $的直接逼近$ \ varepsilon $准确性需要$ \ varepsilon ^ { - （2s + d）/ s}的样本$ n $的样本数量。 $。在本文中，我们分析了用于估计中央子空间的广义轮廓回归（GCR）算法，并使用分段多项式进行函数近似。GCR是中央子空间的最佳估计值，但其样本复杂性是一个打开的问题。如果恰恰知道差异数量，我们证明了GCR导致中央子空间的US（n ^ {-1}）$的平均平方估计误差。本文还给出了这种差异量的估计误差。证明$ y $的平均平方回归误差是按​​$ \ left的顺序（n / \ log n \ over）^ { - \ frac {2s} {2s + d}} $ indown所取得的中央子空间的维度$ d $环境空间$ d $。该结果表明GCR在学习低维中央子空间方面是有效的。我们还提出了一种改进的GCR，效率提高。通过若干数值实验验证收敛速率。

Interview has been regarded as one of the most crucial step for recruitment. To fully prepare for the interview with the recruiters, job seekers usually practice with mock interviews between each other. However, such a mock interview with peers is generally far away from the real interview experience: the mock interviewers are not guaranteed to be professional and are not likely to behave like a real interviewer. Due to the rapid growth of online recruitment in recent years, recruiters tend to have online interviews, which makes it possible to collect real interview data from real interviewers. In this paper, we propose a novel application named EZInterviewer, which aims to learn from the online interview data and provides mock interview services to the job seekers. The task is challenging in two ways: (1) the interview data are now available but still of low-resource; (2) to generate meaningful and relevant interview dialogs requires thorough understanding of both resumes and job descriptions. To address the low-resource challenge, EZInterviewer is trained on a very small set of interview dialogs. The key idea is to reduce the number of parameters that rely on interview dialogs by disentangling the knowledge selector and dialog generator so that most parameters can be trained with ungrounded dialogs as well as the resume data that are not low-resource. Evaluation results on a real-world job interview dialog dataset indicate that we achieve promising results to generate mock interviews. With the help of EZInterviewer, we hope to make mock interview practice become easier for job seekers.

In this paper, a semantic communication framework for image transmission is developed. In the investigated framework, a set of servers cooperatively transmit images to a set of users utilizing semantic communication techniques. To evaluate the performance of studied semantic communication system, a multimodal metric is proposed to measure the correlation between the extracted semantic information and the original image. To meet the ISS requirement of each user, each server must jointly determine the semantic information to be transmitted and the resource blocks (RBs) used for semantic information transmission. We formulate this problem as an optimization problem aiming to minimize each server's transmission latency while reaching the ISS requirement. To solve this problem, a value decomposition based entropy-maximized multi-agent reinforcement learning (RL) is proposed, which enables servers to coordinate for training and execute RB allocation in a distributed manner to approach to a globally optimal performance with less training iterations. Compared to traditional multi-agent RL, the proposed RL improves the valuable action exploration of servers and the probability of finding a globally optimal RB allocation policy based on local observation. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can reduce the transmission delay by up to 16.1% compared to traditional multi-agent RL.

General nonlinear sieve learnings are classes of nonlinear sieves that can approximate nonlinear functions of high dimensional variables much more flexibly than various linear sieves (or series). This paper considers general nonlinear sieve quasi-likelihood ratio (GN-QLR) based inference on expectation functionals of time series data, where the functionals of interest are based on some nonparametric function that satisfy conditional moment restrictions and are learned using multilayer neural networks. While the asymptotic normality of the estimated functionals depends on some unknown Riesz representer of the functional space, we show that the optimally weighted GN-QLR statistic is asymptotically Chi-square distributed, regardless whether the expectation functional is regular (root-$n$ estimable) or not. This holds when the data are weakly dependent beta-mixing condition. We apply our method to the off-policy evaluation in reinforcement learning, by formulating the Bellman equation into the conditional moment restriction framework, so that we can make inference about the state-specific value functional using the proposed GN-QLR method with time series data. In addition, estimating the averaged partial means and averaged partial derivatives of nonparametric instrumental variables and quantile IV models are also presented as leading examples. Finally, a Monte Carlo study shows the finite sample performance of the procedure

This paper presents a safety-critical locomotion control framework for quadrupedal robots. Our goal is to enable quadrupedal robots to safely navigate in cluttered environments. To tackle this, we introduce exponential Discrete Control Barrier Functions (exponential DCBFs) with duality-based obstacle avoidance constraints into a Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) with Whole-Body Control (WBC) framework for quadrupedal locomotion control. This enables us to use polytopes to describe the shapes of the robot and obstacles for collision avoidance while doing locomotion control of quadrupedal robots. Compared to most prior work, especially using CBFs, that utilize spherical and conservative approximation for obstacle avoidance, this work demonstrates a quadrupedal robot autonomously and safely navigating through very tight spaces in the real world. (Our open-source code is available at github.com/HybridRobotics/quadruped_nmpc_dcbf_duality, and the video is available at youtu.be/p1gSQjwXm1Q.)