Communication is supposed to improve multi-agent collaboration and overall performance in cooperative Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). However, such improvements are prevalently limited in practice since most existing communication schemes ignore communication overheads (e.g., communication delays). In this paper, we demonstrate that ignoring communication delays has detrimental effects on collaborations, especially in delay-sensitive tasks such as autonomous driving. To mitigate this impact, we design a delay-aware multi-agent communication model (DACOM) to adapt communication to delays. Specifically, DACOM introduces a component, TimeNet, that is responsible for adjusting the waiting time of an agent to receive messages from other agents such that the uncertainty associated with delay can be addressed. Our experiments reveal that DACOM has a non-negligible performance improvement over other mechanisms by making a better trade-off between the benefits of communication and the costs of waiting for messages.

在无监督的域自适应（UDA）语义分割中，基于蒸馏的方法目前在性能上占主导地位。但是，蒸馏技术需要使多阶段的过程和许多培训技巧复杂化。在本文中，我们提出了一种简单而有效的方法，可以实现高级蒸馏方法的竞争性能。我们的核心思想是从边界和功能的观点充分探索目标域信息。首先，我们提出了一种新颖的混合策略，以产生具有地面标签的高质量目标域边界。与以前的作品中的源域边界不同，我们选择了高信心目标域区域，然后将其粘贴到源域图像中。这样的策略可以使用正确的标签在目标域（目标域对象区域的边缘）中生成对象边界。因此，可以通过学习混合样品来有效地捕获目标域的边界信息。其次，我们设计了多层对比损失，以改善目标域数据的表示，包括像素级和原型级对比度学习。通过结合两种建议的方法，可以提取更多的判别特征，并且可以更好地解决目标域的硬对象边界。对两个常用基准测试的实验结果（\ textit {i.e。}，gta5 $ \ rightarrow $ cityScapes and synthia $ \ rightarrow $ cityScapes）表明，我们的方法在复杂的蒸馏方法上取得了竞争性能。值得注意的是，对于Synthia $ \ rightarrow $ CityScapes方案，我们的方法以$ 57.8 \％$ MIOU和$ 64.6 \％$ MIOU的16堂课和16堂课实现了最先进的性能。代码可在https://github.com/ljjcoder/ehtdi上找到。

总变化（TV）正则化已经提高了用于图像处理任务的各种变分模型。我们提出了与电视正则化的早期文献中的倒扩散过程与电视正常化相结合，并表明所得到的增强电视最小化模型对于降低对比度的损失特别有效，这通常由使用电视正常化的模型遇到。我们从嘈杂的额相测量中建立了增强电视模型的稳定重建保证;考虑非自适应线性测量和可变密度采样的傅里叶测量。特别地，在一些较弱的受限制的等距特性条件下，增强的电视最小化模型被示出为比各种基于电视的模型具有更严格的重建误差界限，用于噪声水平很大并且测量量有限。增强电视模型的优点也通过初步实验进行了数值验证，通过一些合成，自然和医学图像的重建。

近年来，已经开发出各种基于梯度的方法来解决机器学习和计算机视觉地区的双层优化（BLO）问题。然而，这些现有方法的理论正确性和实际有效性总是依赖于某些限制性条件（例如，下层单身，LLS），这在现实世界中可能很难满足。此外，以前的文献仅证明了基于其特定的迭代策略的理论结果，因此缺乏一般的配方，以统一分析不同梯度的BLO的收敛行为。在这项工作中，我们从乐观的双级视点制定BLOS，并建立一个名为Bi-Level血液血统聚合（BDA）的新梯度的算法框架，以部分地解决上述问题。具体而言，BDA提供模块化结构，以分级地聚合上层和下层子问题以生成我们的双级迭代动态。从理论上讲，我们建立了一般会聚分析模板，并导出了一种新的证据方法，以研究基于梯度的BLO方法的基本理论特性。此外，这项工作系统地探讨了BDA在不同优化场景中的收敛行为，即，考虑从解决近似子问题返回的各种解决方案质量（即，全局/本地/静止解决方案）。广泛的实验证明了我们的理论结果，并展示了所提出的超参数优化和元学习任务算法的优越性。源代码可在https://github.com/vis-opt-group/bda中获得。

本文首先提出了一种凸双翼优化范例，可以在现实世界场景中制定和优化流行的学习和视觉问题。与传统方法不同，直接基于给定的问题制定设计其迭代方案，我们将任务导向的能量引入我们的潜在约束，这集成了更丰富的任务信息。通过明确地重新表征可行性，我们建立了一种高效且灵活的算法框架，可以使用缩小解决方案空间和强大的辅助（基于任务的域知识和数据分布）来解决凸模型。理论上，我们提出了基于潜在可行性重新表征的数值策略的收敛分析。我们还在计算误差扰动下分析了理论会聚的稳定性。进行了广泛的数值实验，以验证我们的理论调查结果，并评估我们对不同应用方法的实际表现。

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have shown satisfying performance on various graph learning tasks. To achieve better fitting capability, most GNNs are with a large number of parameters, which makes these GNNs computationally expensive. Therefore, it is difficult to deploy them onto edge devices with scarce computational resources, e.g., mobile phones and wearable smart devices. Knowledge Distillation (KD) is a common solution to compress GNNs, where a light-weighted model (i.e., the student model) is encouraged to mimic the behavior of a computationally expensive GNN (i.e., the teacher GNN model). Nevertheless, most existing GNN-based KD methods lack fairness consideration. As a consequence, the student model usually inherits and even exaggerates the bias from the teacher GNN. To handle such a problem, we take initial steps towards fair knowledge distillation for GNNs. Specifically, we first formulate a novel problem of fair knowledge distillation for GNN-based teacher-student frameworks. Then we propose a principled framework named RELIANT to mitigate the bias exhibited by the student model. Notably, the design of RELIANT is decoupled from any specific teacher and student model structures, and thus can be easily adapted to various GNN-based KD frameworks. We perform extensive experiments on multiple real-world datasets, which corroborates that RELIANT achieves less biased GNN knowledge distillation while maintaining high prediction utility.

To generate high quality rendering images for real time applications, it is often to trace only a few samples-per-pixel (spp) at a lower resolution and then supersample to the high resolution. Based on the observation that the rendered pixels at a low resolution are typically highly aliased, we present a novel method for neural supersampling based on ray tracing 1/4-spp samples at the high resolution. Our key insight is that the ray-traced samples at the target resolution are accurate and reliable, which makes the supersampling an interpolation problem. We present a mask-reinforced neural network to reconstruct and interpolate high-quality image sequences. First, a novel temporal accumulation network is introduced to compute the correlation between current and previous features to significantly improve their temporal stability. Then a reconstruct network based on a multi-scale U-Net with skip connections is adopted for reconstruction and generation of the desired high-resolution image. Experimental results and comparisons have shown that our proposed method can generate higher quality results of supersampling, without increasing the total number of ray-tracing samples, over current state-of-the-art methods.

Panoptic Part Segmentation (PPS) unifies panoptic segmentation and part segmentation into one task. Previous works utilize separated approaches to handle thing, stuff, and part predictions without shared computation and task association. We aim to unify these tasks at the architectural level, designing the first end-to-end unified framework named Panoptic-PartFormer. Moreover, we find the previous metric PartPQ biases to PQ. To handle both issues, we make the following contributions: Firstly, we design a meta-architecture that decouples part feature and things/stuff feature, respectively. We model things, stuff, and parts as object queries and directly learn to optimize all three forms of prediction as a unified mask prediction and classification problem. We term our model as Panoptic-PartFormer. Secondly, we propose a new metric Part-Whole Quality (PWQ) to better measure such task from both pixel-region and part-whole perspectives. It can also decouple the error for part segmentation and panoptic segmentation. Thirdly, inspired by Mask2Former, based on our meta-architecture, we propose Panoptic-PartFormer++ and design a new part-whole cross attention scheme to further boost part segmentation qualities. We design a new part-whole interaction method using masked cross attention. Finally, the extensive ablation studies and analysis demonstrate the effectiveness of both Panoptic-PartFormer and Panoptic-PartFormer++. Compared with previous Panoptic-PartFormer, our Panoptic-PartFormer++ achieves 2% PartPQ and 3% PWQ improvements on the Cityscapes PPS dataset and 5% PartPQ on the Pascal Context PPS dataset. On both datasets, Panoptic-PartFormer++ achieves new state-of-the-art results with a significant cost drop of 70% on GFlops and 50% on parameters. Our models can serve as a strong baseline and aid future research in PPS. Code will be available.

An increasing number of public datasets have shown a marked clinical impact on assessing anatomical structures. However, each of the datasets is small, partially labeled, and rarely investigates severe tumor subjects. Moreover, current models are limited to segmenting specific organs/tumors, which can not be extended to novel domains and classes. To tackle these limitations, we introduce embedding learned from Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) to segmentation models, dubbed the CLIP-Driven Universal Model. The Universal Model can better segment 25 organs and 6 types of tumors by exploiting the semantic relationship between abdominal structures. The model is developed from an assembly of 14 datasets with 3,410 CT scans and evaluated on 6,162 external CT scans from 3 datasets. We rank first on the public leaderboard of the Medical Segmentation Decathlon (MSD) and achieve the state-of-the-art results on Beyond The Cranial Vault (BTCV). Compared with dataset-specific models, the Universal Model is computationally more efficient (6x faster), generalizes better to CT scans from varying sites, and shows stronger transfer learning performance on novel tasks. The design of CLIP embedding enables the Universal Model to be easily extended to new classes without catastrophically forgetting the previously learned classes.

This paper illustrates the technologies of user next intent prediction with a concept knowledge graph. The system has been deployed on the Web at Alipay, serving more than 100 million daily active users. Specifically, we propose AlipayKG to explicitly characterize user intent, which is an offline concept knowledge graph in the Life-Service domain modeling the historical behaviors of users, the rich content interacted by users and the relations between them. We further introduce a Transformer-based model which integrates expert rules from the knowledge graph to infer the online user's next intent. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system can effectively enhance the performance of the downstream tasks while retaining explainability.