Neural transducer is now the most popular end-to-end model for speech recognition, due to its naturally streaming ability. However, it is challenging to adapt it with text-only data. Factorized neural transducer (FNT) model was proposed to mitigate this problem. The improved adaptation ability of FNT on text-only adaptation data came at the cost of lowered accuracy compared to the standard neural transducer model. We propose several methods to improve the performance of the FNT model. They are: adding CTC criterion during training, adding KL divergence loss during adaptation, using a pre-trained language model to seed the vocabulary predictor, and an efficient adaptation approach by interpolating the vocabulary predictor with the n-gram language model. A combination of these approaches results in a relative word-error-rate reduction of 9.48\% from the standard FNT model. Furthermore, n-gram interpolation with the vocabulary predictor improves the adaptation speed hugely with satisfactory adaptation performance.

Automatic diabetic retinopathy (DR) grading based on fundus photography has been widely explored to benefit the routine screening and early treatment. Existing researches generally focus on single-field fundus images, which have limited field of view for precise eye examinations. In clinical applications, ophthalmologists adopt two-field fundus photography as the dominating tool, where the information from each field (i.e.,macula-centric and optic disc-centric) is highly correlated and complementary, and benefits comprehensive decisions. However, automatic DR grading based on two-field fundus photography remains a challenging task due to the lack of publicly available datasets and effective fusion strategies. In this work, we first construct a new benchmark dataset (DRTiD) for DR grading, consisting of 3,100 two-field fundus images. To the best of our knowledge, it is the largest public DR dataset with diverse and high-quality two-field images. Then, we propose a novel DR grading approach, namely Cross-Field Transformer (CrossFiT), to capture the correspondence between two fields as well as the long-range spatial correlations within each field. Considering the inherent two-field geometric constraints, we particularly define aligned position embeddings to preserve relative consistent position in fundus. Besides, we perform masked cross-field attention during interaction to flter the noisy relations between fields. Extensive experiments on our DRTiD dataset and a public DeepDRiD dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of our CrossFiT network. The new dataset and the source code of CrossFiT will be publicly available at https://github.com/FDU-VTS/DRTiD.

在计算机断层扫描成像的实际应用中，投影数据可以在有限角度范围内获取，并由于扫描条件的限制而被噪声损坏。嘈杂的不完全投影数据导致反问题的不良性。在这项工作中，我们从理论上验证了低分辨率重建问题的数值稳定性比高分辨率问题更好。在接下来的内容中，提出了一个新型的低分辨率图像先验的CT重建模型，以利用低分辨率图像来提高重建质量。更具体地说，我们在下采样的投影数据上建立了低分辨率重建问题，并将重建的低分辨率图像作为原始限量角CT问题的先验知识。我们通过交替的方向方法与卷积神经网络近似的所有子问题解决了约束最小化问题。数值实验表明，我们的双分辨率网络在嘈杂的有限角度重建问题上的变异方法和流行的基于学习的重建方法都优于变异方法。

点击率预测是商业推荐系统中的核心任务之一。它旨在预测用户点击给定用户和项目特征的特定项目的概率。随着特征相互作用引入非线性，它们被广泛采用以提高CTR预测模型的性能。因此，有效的建模特征互动在研究和工业领域引起了很多关注。目前的方法通常可以分为三类：（1）NA \“IVE方法，它不会模拟特征交互，只使用原始特征;（2）记忆方法，通过显式将其视为新功能而记住功能交互。分配可培训嵌入式;（3）分解方法，学习原始特征的潜在矢量和通过分解功能的隐式模型相互作用。研究表明，由于不同特征相互作用的独特特征，这些方法之一的建模特征交互是次优。为了解决这个问题，我们首先提出一个称为OptInter的一般框架，该框架可以找到每个功能交互的最合适的建模方法。可以将不同的最先进的深度CTR模型视为optinter的实例。实现功能Optinter，我们还介绍了一种自动搜索最佳建模方法的学习算法。W e在四个大型数据集中进行广泛的实验。我们的实验表明，Optinter可提高最佳的最先进的基线深度CTR模型，高达2.21％。与回忆的方法相比，这也优于基线，我们减少了高达91％的参数。此外，我们进行了几项消融研究，以研究Optinter不同组分的影响。最后，我们提供关于替代替代品结果的可解释讨论。

生成的对抗网络（GANS）能够生成从真实图像视觉无法区分的图像。然而，最近的研究表明，生成和实际图像在频域中共享显着差异。在本文中，我们探讨了高频分量在GAN训练中的影响。根据我们的观察，在大多数GAN的培训期间，严重的高频差异使鉴别器聚焦在过度高频成分上，阻碍了发电机拟合了对学习图像内容很重要的低频分量。然后，我们提出了两个简单但有效的频率操作，以消除由GAN训练的高频差异引起的副作用：高频混淆（HFC）和高频滤波器（HFF）。拟议的操作是一般的，可以应用于大多数现有的GAN，一小部分成本。在多丢失函数，网络架构和数据集中验证了所提出的操作的高级性能。具体而言，拟议的HFF在Celeba（128 * 128）基于SSNGAN的Celeba无条件生成的Celeba（128 * 128）无条件一代，在Celeba无条件一代基于SSGAN的13.2 \％$ 30.2 \％$ 69.3 \％$ 69.3 \％$ FID在Celeba无条件一代基于Infomaxgan。

Few Shot Instance Segmentation (FSIS) requires models to detect and segment novel classes with limited several support examples. In this work, we explore a simple yet unified solution for FSIS as well as its incremental variants, and introduce a new framework named Reference Twice (RefT) to fully explore the relationship between support/query features based on a Transformer-like framework. Our key insights are two folds: Firstly, with the aid of support masks, we can generate dynamic class centers more appropriately to re-weight query features. Secondly, we find that support object queries have already encoded key factors after base training. In this way, the query features can be enhanced twice from two aspects, i.e., feature-level and instance-level. In particular, we firstly design a mask-based dynamic weighting module to enhance support features and then propose to link object queries for better calibration via cross-attention. After the above steps, the novel classes can be improved significantly over our strong baseline. Additionally, our new framework can be easily extended to incremental FSIS with minor modification. When benchmarking results on the COCO dataset for FSIS, gFSIS, and iFSIS settings, our method achieves a competitive performance compared to existing approaches across different shots, e.g., we boost nAP by noticeable +8.2/+9.4 over the current state-of-the-art FSIS method for 10/30-shot. We further demonstrate the superiority of our approach on Few Shot Object Detection. Code and model will be available.

This paper focuses on designing efficient models with low parameters and FLOPs for dense predictions. Even though CNN-based lightweight methods have achieved stunning results after years of research, trading-off model accuracy and constrained resources still need further improvements. This work rethinks the essential unity of efficient Inverted Residual Block in MobileNetv2 and effective Transformer in ViT, inductively abstracting a general concept of Meta-Mobile Block, and we argue that the specific instantiation is very important to model performance though sharing the same framework. Motivated by this phenomenon, we deduce a simple yet efficient modern \textbf{I}nverted \textbf{R}esidual \textbf{M}obile \textbf{B}lock (iRMB) for mobile applications, which absorbs CNN-like efficiency to model short-distance dependency and Transformer-like dynamic modeling capability to learn long-distance interactions. Furthermore, we design a ResNet-like 4-phase \textbf{E}fficient \textbf{MO}del (EMO) based only on a series of iRMBs for dense applications. Massive experiments on ImageNet-1K, COCO2017, and ADE20K benchmarks demonstrate the superiority of our EMO over state-of-the-art methods, \eg, our EMO-1M/2M/5M achieve 71.5, 75.1, and 78.4 Top-1 that surpass \textbf{SoTA} CNN-/Transformer-based models, while trading-off the model accuracy and efficiency well.

We aim to bridge the gap between our common-sense few-sample human learning and large-data machine learning. We derive a theory of human-like few-shot learning from von-Neuman-Landauer's principle. modelling human learning is difficult as how people learn varies from one to another. Under commonly accepted definitions, we prove that all human or animal few-shot learning, and major models including Free Energy Principle and Bayesian Program Learning that model such learning, approximate our theory, under Church-Turing thesis. We find that deep generative model like variational autoencoder (VAE) can be used to approximate our theory and perform significantly better than baseline models including deep neural networks, for image recognition, low resource language processing, and character recognition.

Despite significant progress in object categorization, in recent years, a number of important challenges remain; mainly, the ability to learn from limited labeled data and to recognize object classes within large, potentially open, set of labels. Zero-shot learning is one way of addressing these challenges, but it has only been shown to work with limited sized class vocabularies and typically requires separation between supervised and unsupervised classes, allowing former to inform the latter but not vice versa. We propose the notion of vocabulary-informed learning to alleviate the above mentioned challenges and address problems of supervised, zero-shot, generalized zero-shot and open set recognition using a unified framework. Specifically, we propose a weighted maximum margin framework for semantic manifold-based recognition that incorporates distance constraints from (both supervised and unsupervised) vocabulary atoms. Distance constraints ensure that labeled samples are projected closer to their correct prototypes, in the embedding space, than to others. We illustrate that resulting model shows improvements in supervised, zero-shot, generalized zero-shot, and large open set recognition, with up to 310K class vocabulary on Animal with Attributes and ImageNet datasets.

Interview has been regarded as one of the most crucial step for recruitment. To fully prepare for the interview with the recruiters, job seekers usually practice with mock interviews between each other. However, such a mock interview with peers is generally far away from the real interview experience: the mock interviewers are not guaranteed to be professional and are not likely to behave like a real interviewer. Due to the rapid growth of online recruitment in recent years, recruiters tend to have online interviews, which makes it possible to collect real interview data from real interviewers. In this paper, we propose a novel application named EZInterviewer, which aims to learn from the online interview data and provides mock interview services to the job seekers. The task is challenging in two ways: (1) the interview data are now available but still of low-resource; (2) to generate meaningful and relevant interview dialogs requires thorough understanding of both resumes and job descriptions. To address the low-resource challenge, EZInterviewer is trained on a very small set of interview dialogs. The key idea is to reduce the number of parameters that rely on interview dialogs by disentangling the knowledge selector and dialog generator so that most parameters can be trained with ungrounded dialogs as well as the resume data that are not low-resource. Evaluation results on a real-world job interview dialog dataset indicate that we achieve promising results to generate mock interviews. With the help of EZInterviewer, we hope to make mock interview practice become easier for job seekers.