在本报告中，我们建议针对四个EGO4D挑战任务，包括自然语言查询（NLQ），MOMMER QUERY（MQ），对象状态变更分类（OSCC），以及PNR定位（PNR）。尤其是，我们将最近发布的EGO4D数据集\ cite {grauman2021ego4d}从预处理数据集，预处理目标和开发集中从egecentric vlp中提升。基于上述三个设计，我们开发了一个验证的视频语言模型，该模型能够将其以自我为中心的视频文本表示或仅视频表示形式转移到几个视频下游任务中。我们的Egentric VLP在NLQ上实现10.46r@1&iou @0.3，MQ上的10.33地图，OSCC上的74％ACC，PNR上的0.67秒错误。该代码可在https://github.com/showlab/egovlp上找到。

语言模型既展示了定量的改进，又展示了新的定性功能，随着规模的增加。尽管它们具有潜在的变革性影响，但这些新能力的特征却很差。为了为未来的研究提供信息，为破坏性的新模型能力做准备，并改善社会有害的效果，至关重要的是，我们必须了解目前和近乎未来的能力和语言模型的局限性。为了应对这一挑战，我们介绍了超越模仿游戏基准（Big Bench）。 Big Bench目前由204个任务组成，由132家机构的442位作者贡献。任务主题是多样的，从语言学，儿童发展，数学，常识性推理，生物学，物理学，社会偏见，软件开发等等。 Big-Bench专注于被认为超出当前语言模型的功能的任务。我们评估了OpenAI的GPT型号，Google内部密集变压器体系结构和大型基础上的开关稀疏变压器的行为，跨越了数百万到数十亿个参数。此外，一个人类专家评估者团队执行了所有任务，以提供强大的基准。研究结果包括：模型性能和校准都随规模改善，但绝对的术语（以及与评估者的性能相比）；在模型类中的性能非常相似，尽管带有稀疏性。逐渐和预测的任务通常涉及大量知识或记忆成分，而在临界规模上表现出“突破性”行为的任务通常涉及多个步骤或组成部分或脆性指标；社交偏见通常会随着含糊不清的环境而随着规模而增加，但这可以通过提示来改善。

Vision-Language Transformers can be learned without human labels (e.g. class labels, bounding boxes, etc). Existing work, whether explicitly utilizing bounding boxes or patches, assumes that the visual backbone must first be trained on ImageNet class prediction before being integrated into a multimodal linguistic pipeline. We show that this is not necessary and introduce a new model Vision-Language from Captions (VLC) built on top of Masked Auto-Encoders that does not require this supervision. In fact, in a head-to-head comparison between ViLT, the current state-of-the-art patch-based vision-language transformer which is pretrained with supervised object classification, and our model, VLC, we find that our approach 1. outperforms ViLT on standard benchmarks, 2. provides more interpretable and intuitive patch visualizations, and 3. is competitive with many larger models that utilize ROIs trained on annotated bounding-boxes.

最近与大型变压器的主要工作的主要重点是优化包装到模型参数中的信息量。在这项工作中，我们问了一个不同的问题：多峰变压器可以在他们推理中利用明确的知识吗？现有，主要是单峰，方法在知识检索范例下探讨了方法，随后回答预测，但留下了关于所使用的检索知识的质量和相关性的开放性问题，以及如何集成隐含和明确知识的推理过程。为了解决这些挑战，我们提出了一种新颖的模型 - 知识增强变压器（KAT） - 在OK-VQA的开放式多模式任务上实现了强大的最先进的结果（+6分）。我们的方法在结束到终端编码器 - 解码器架构中集成了隐式和显式知识，同时在答案生成期间仍然共同推理了两个知识源。在我们分析中提高了模型预测的可解释性，可以看到明确知识集成的额外好处。

我们提出了一种有效的方法，用于从多视图图像观察中联合优化拓扑，材料和照明。与最近的多视图重建方法不同，通常在神经网络中产生纠缠的3D表示，我们将三角形网格输出具有空间不同的材料和环境照明，这些方法可以在任何传统的图形引擎中未修改。我们利用近期工作在可差异化的渲染中，基于坐标的网络紧凑地代表体积纹理，以及可微分的游行四边形，以便直接在表面网上直接实现基于梯度的优化。最后，我们介绍了环境照明的分流和近似的可分辨率配方，以有效地回收全频照明。实验表明我们的提取模型用于高级场景编辑，材料分解和高质量的视图插值，全部以三角形的渲染器（光栅化器和路径示踪剂）的交互式速率运行。

持续咳嗽是呼吸系统疾病的主要症状。通过可穿戴物品来检测咳嗽，特别是在Covid-19大流行期间，已经支付了越来越多的研究。在所有类型的传感器中，麦克风最广泛地用于检测咳嗽。然而，处理音频信号所需的强力消耗阻碍了对电池限制的商业可穿戴产品（例如耳塞）的连续音频咳嗽检测。我们呈现了利用较低功率传感器，惯性测量单元（IMU）的COUGHTRIGGER作为咳嗽检测激活器，以触发更高功率的传感器，用于音频处理和分类。它能够以最小的电池消耗运行作为备用服务，并在从IMU检测到候选咳嗽时触发基于音频的咳嗽检测。此外，IMU的使用带来了改善咳嗽检测特异性的益处。实验是对45个科目进行的，我们的IMU的模型达到了0.77 AUC评分，留出了一个主题的评价。我们还验证了其对自由生活数据的有效性，并通过设备实现。

Neural Machine Translation (NMT) is an end-to-end learning approach for automated translation, with the potential to overcome many of the weaknesses of conventional phrase-based translation systems. Unfortunately, NMT systems are known to be computationally expensive both in training and in translation inference -sometimes prohibitively so in the case of very large data sets and large models. Several authors have also charged that NMT systems lack robustness, particularly when input sentences contain rare words. These issues have hindered NMT's use in practical deployments and services, where both accuracy and speed are essential. In this work, we present GNMT, Google's Neural Machine Translation system, which attempts to address many of these issues. Our model consists of a deep LSTM network with 8 encoder and 8 decoder layers using residual connections as well as attention connections from the decoder network to the encoder. To improve parallelism and therefore decrease training time, our attention mechanism connects the bottom layer of the decoder to the top layer of the encoder. To accelerate the final translation speed, we employ low-precision arithmetic during inference computations. To improve handling of rare words, we divide words into a limited set of common sub-word units ("wordpieces") for both input and output. This method provides a good balance between the flexibility of "character"-delimited models and the efficiency of "word"-delimited models, naturally handles translation of rare words, and ultimately improves the overall accuracy of the system. Our beam search technique employs a length-normalization procedure and uses a coverage penalty, which encourages generation of an output sentence that is most likely to cover all the words in the source sentence. To directly optimize the translation BLEU scores, we consider refining the models by using reinforcement learning, but we found that the improvement in the BLEU scores did not reflect in the human evaluation. On the WMT'14 English-to-French and English-to-German benchmarks, GNMT achieves competitive results to state-of-the-art. Using a human side-by-side evaluation on a set of isolated simple sentences, it reduces translation errors by an average of 60% compared to Google's phrase-based production system.

This paper presents stacked attention networks (SANs) that learn to answer natural language questions from images. SANs use semantic representation of a question as query to search for the regions in an image that are related to the answer. We argue that image question answering (QA) often requires multiple steps of reasoning. Thus, we develop a multiple-layer SAN in which we query an image multiple times to infer the answer progressively. Experiments conducted on four image QA data sets demonstrate that the proposed SANs significantly outperform previous state-of-the-art approaches. The visualization of the attention layers illustrates the progress that the SAN locates the relevant visual clues that lead to the answer of the question layer-by-layer.

In this paper, we study the problem of knowledge-intensive text-to-SQL, in which domain knowledge is necessary to parse expert questions into SQL queries over domain-specific tables. We formalize this scenario by building a new Chinese benchmark KnowSQL consisting of domain-specific questions covering various domains. We then address this problem by presenting formulaic knowledge, rather than by annotating additional data examples. More concretely, we construct a formulaic knowledge bank as a domain knowledge base and propose a framework (ReGrouP) to leverage this formulaic knowledge during parsing. Experiments using ReGrouP demonstrate a significant 28.2% improvement overall on KnowSQL.

Weakly-supervised object localization aims to indicate the category as well as the scope of an object in an image given only the image-level labels. Most of the existing works are based on Class Activation Mapping (CAM) and endeavor to enlarge the discriminative area inside the activation map to perceive the whole object, yet ignore the co-occurrence confounder of the object and context (e.g., fish and water), which makes the model inspection hard to distinguish object boundaries. Besides, the use of CAM also brings a dilemma problem that the classification and localization always suffer from a performance gap and can not reach their highest accuracy simultaneously. In this paper, we propose a casual knowledge distillation method, dubbed KD-CI-CAM, to address these two under-explored issues in one go. More specifically, we tackle the co-occurrence context confounder problem via causal intervention (CI), which explores the causalities among image features, contexts, and categories to eliminate the biased object-context entanglement in the class activation maps. Based on the de-biased object feature, we additionally propose a multi-teacher causal distillation framework to balance the absorption of classification knowledge and localization knowledge during model training. Extensive experiments on several benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness of KD-CI-CAM in learning clear object boundaries from confounding contexts and addressing the dilemma problem between classification and localization performance.