眼底摄影是诊断和监测眼部疾病的诊所的常规检查。但是，对于白内障患者，底眼图像始终会遭受由云晶状体引起的质量降解。降解阻止了眼科医生或计算机辅助系统可靠的诊断。为了提高临床诊断的确定性，已经提出了恢复算法来提高眼底图像的质量。不幸的是，这些算法的部署仍然存在挑战，例如收集足够的培训数据和保存视网膜结构。在本文中，为了规避严格的部署要求，从共享相同结构的合成数据中开发出了针对白内障底底图像的结构一致的恢复网络（SCR-NET）。白内障仿真模型首先是设计用于收集由白内障底面图像共享相同结构的合成性白内障集（SC）的。然后从SCS中提取高频组件（HFC）以约束结构一致性，从而强制执行SCR-NET中的结构保留。该实验证明了SCR-NET与最新方法和后续临床应用的比较中的有效性。该代码可从https://github.com/liamheng/arcnet-medical-image-enhancement获得。

基于方面的情绪分析（ABSA）任务由三个典型的子特点组成：术语术语提取，意见术语提取和情感极性分类。这三个子组织通常是共同执行的，以节省资源并减少管道中的错误传播。但是，大多数现有联合模型只关注编码器共享的福利在子任务之间共享，但忽略差异。因此，我们提出了一个关节ABSA模型，它不仅享有编码器共享的好处，而且还专注于提高模型效率的差异。详细地，我们介绍了双编码器设计，其中一对编码器特别侧重于候选方识对分类，并且原始编码器对序列标记进行注意。经验结果表明，我们的拟议模型显示了鲁棒性，并显着优于前一个基准数据集的先前最先进。

基于深度学习的模型占主导地位的生产推荐系统的当前景观。此外，近年来目睹了模型规模的指数增长 - 从谷歌的2016年模型，最新的Facebook的型号有10亿个参数，具有12万亿参数。型号容量的每次跳跃都有显着的质量增强，这使我们相信100万亿参数的时代即将来临。然而，即使在工业规模数据中心内，这些模型的培训也在挑战。这种困难是从训练计算的惊人的异质性继承 - 模型的嵌入层可以包括总模型尺寸的99.99％，这是极其内存密集的;虽然其余的神经网络越来越多地计算密集型。为支持培训此类巨大模式，迫切需要有效的分布式培训系统。在本文中，我们通过仔细共同设计优化算法和分布式系统架构来解决这一挑战。具体而言，为了确保培训效率和训练精度，我们设计一种新型混合训练算法，其中嵌入层和密集的神经网络由不同的同步机制处理;然后，我们构建一个名为Persia的系统（短暂的并行推荐培训系统，其中包含混合加速），以支持这种混合培训算法。理论上的示范和实证研究均达到100万亿参数，以证明了波斯的系统设计和实施。我们将Pensia公开使用（在https://github.com/persiamml/persia），以便任何人都能够以100万亿参数的规模轻松培训推荐模型。

卷积神经网络（CNNS）在3D医学图像上自动分割器官或病变取得了显着的成功。最近，视觉变压器网络在2D图像分类任务中表现出卓越的性能。与CNN相比，变压器网络由于其自我关注算法而提取远程特征的吸引力。因此，我们提出了一种称为Bitr-UNET的CNN变压器组合模型，对多模态MRI扫描进行脑肿瘤分割的具体修饰。我们的Bitr-UNET在BRATS2021验证数据集中实现了良好的性能，中值骰子得分0.9335,0.9304和0.8899，以及整个肿瘤，肿瘤核心和增强肿瘤的中位Hausdorff距离2.8284,2.2361和1.4142。在BRATS2021测试数据集上，骰子评分的相应结果为0.9257,0.9350和0.8874，对于Hausdorff距离为3,2.2361和1.4142。该代码在https://github.com/justatinydot/bitr-unet上公开使用。

现代生物医学研究通常收集多视图数据，即在同一组对象上测量的多种类型的数据。高维多视图数据分析中的流行模型是将每个视图的数据矩阵分解为跨所有数据视图常见的潜在因子生成的低级常见源矩阵，对应于每个视图的低级别源矩阵和添加剂噪声矩阵。我们提出了一种用于该模型的新型分解方法，称为基于分解的广义规范相关分析（D-GCCA）。与大多数现有方法使用的欧几里德点产品空间相比，D-GCCA严格地定义了随机变量的L2空间的分解，从而能够为低秩矩阵恢复提供估计一致性。此外，为了良好校准共同的潜在因子，我们对独特的潜在因子施加了理想的正交性限制。然而，现有方法不充分考虑这种正交性，因此可能遭受未检测到的共同源变异的大量损失。我们的D-GCCA通过分离规范变量中的共同和独特的组分，同时从主成分分析的角度享受吸引人的解释，进一步逐步进行一步。此外，我们建议使用常见的或独特潜在因子解释的信号方差的可变级别比例，以选择最受影响的变量。我们的D-GCCA方法的一致估计是通过良好的有限样本数性能建立的，并且具有封闭式表达式，导致有效计算，特别是对于大规模数据。 D-GCCA在最先进的方法上的优越性也在模拟和现实世界数据示例中得到证实。

Purpose: Tracking the 3D motion of the surgical tool and the patient anatomy is a fundamental requirement for computer-assisted skull-base surgery. The estimated motion can be used both for intra-operative guidance and for downstream skill analysis. Recovering such motion solely from surgical videos is desirable, as it is compliant with current clinical workflows and instrumentation. Methods: We present Tracker of Anatomy and Tool (TAToo). TAToo jointly tracks the rigid 3D motion of patient skull and surgical drill from stereo microscopic videos. TAToo estimates motion via an iterative optimization process in an end-to-end differentiable form. For robust tracking performance, TAToo adopts a probabilistic formulation and enforces geometric constraints on the object level. Results: We validate TAToo on both simulation data, where ground truth motion is available, as well as on anthropomorphic phantom data, where optical tracking provides a strong baseline. We report sub-millimeter and millimeter inter-frame tracking accuracy for skull and drill, respectively, with rotation errors below 1{\deg}. We further illustrate how TAToo may be used in a surgical navigation setting. Conclusion: We present TAToo, which simultaneously tracks the surgical tool and the patient anatomy in skull-base surgery. TAToo directly predicts the motion from surgical videos, without the need of any markers. Our results show that the performance of TAToo compares favorably to competing approaches. Future work will include fine-tuning of our depth network to reach a 1 mm clinical accuracy goal desired for surgical applications in the skull base.

Nowadays, fake news easily propagates through online social networks and becomes a grand threat to individuals and society. Assessing the authenticity of news is challenging due to its elaborately fabricated contents, making it difficult to obtain large-scale annotations for fake news data. Due to such data scarcity issues, detecting fake news tends to fail and overfit in the supervised setting. Recently, graph neural networks (GNNs) have been adopted to leverage the richer relational information among both labeled and unlabeled instances. Despite their promising results, they are inherently focused on pairwise relations between news, which can limit the expressive power for capturing fake news that spreads in a group-level. For example, detecting fake news can be more effective when we better understand relations between news pieces shared among susceptible users. To address those issues, we propose to leverage a hypergraph to represent group-wise interaction among news, while focusing on important news relations with its dual-level attention mechanism. Experiments based on two benchmark datasets show that our approach yields remarkable performance and maintains the high performance even with a small subset of labeled news data.

Quantum machine learning (QML) has received increasing attention due to its potential to outperform classical machine learning methods in various problems. A subclass of QML methods is quantum generative adversarial networks (QGANs) which have been studied as a quantum counterpart of classical GANs widely used in image manipulation and generation tasks. The existing work on QGANs is still limited to small-scale proof-of-concept examples based on images with significant down-scaling. Here we integrate classical and quantum techniques to propose a new hybrid quantum-classical GAN framework. We demonstrate its superior learning capabilities by generating $28 \times 28$ pixels grey-scale images without dimensionality reduction or classical pre/post-processing on multiple classes of the standard MNIST and Fashion MNIST datasets, which achieves comparable results to classical frameworks with 3 orders of magnitude less trainable generator parameters. To gain further insight into the working of our hybrid approach, we systematically explore the impact of its parameter space by varying the number of qubits, the size of image patches, the number of layers in the generator, the shape of the patches and the choice of prior distribution. Our results show that increasing the quantum generator size generally improves the learning capability of the network. The developed framework provides a foundation for future design of QGANs with optimal parameter set tailored for complex image generation tasks.

Recent advances in neural radiance fields have enabled the high-fidelity 3D reconstruction of complex scenes for novel view synthesis. However, it remains underexplored how the appearance of such representations can be efficiently edited while maintaining photorealism. In this work, we present PaletteNeRF, a novel method for photorealistic appearance editing of neural radiance fields (NeRF) based on 3D color decomposition. Our method decomposes the appearance of each 3D point into a linear combination of palette-based bases (i.e., 3D segmentations defined by a group of NeRF-type functions) that are shared across the scene. While our palette-based bases are view-independent, we also predict a view-dependent function to capture the color residual (e.g., specular shading). During training, we jointly optimize the basis functions and the color palettes, and we also introduce novel regularizers to encourage the spatial coherence of the decomposition. Our method allows users to efficiently edit the appearance of the 3D scene by modifying the color palettes. We also extend our framework with compressed semantic features for semantic-aware appearance editing. We demonstrate that our technique is superior to baseline methods both quantitatively and qualitatively for appearance editing of complex real-world scenes.

Keyword spotting (KWS) based on deep neural networks (DNNs) has achieved massive success in voice control scenarios. However, training of such DNN-based KWS systems often requires significant data and hardware resources. Manufacturers often entrust this process to a third-party platform. This makes the training process uncontrollable, where attackers can implant backdoors in the model by manipulating third-party training data. An effective backdoor attack can force the model to make specified judgments under certain conditions, i.e., triggers. In this paper, we design a backdoor attack scheme based on Voiceprint Selection and Voice Conversion, abbreviated as VSVC. Experimental results demonstrated that VSVC is feasible to achieve an average attack success rate close to 97% in four victim models when poisoning less than 1% of the training data.