Climate change is threatening human health in unprecedented orders and many ways. These threats are expected to grow unless effective and evidence-based policies are developed and acted upon to minimize or eliminate them. Attaining such a task requires the highest degree of the flow of knowledge from science into policy. The multidisciplinary, location-specific, and vastness of published science makes it challenging to keep track of novel work in this area, as well as making the traditional knowledge synthesis methods inefficient in infusing science into policy. To this end, we consider developing multiple domain-specific language models (LMs) with different variations from Climate- and Health-related information, which can serve as a foundational step toward capturing available knowledge to enable solving different tasks, such as detecting similarities between climate- and health-related concepts, fact-checking, relation extraction, evidence of health effects to policy text generation, and more. To our knowledge, this is the first work that proposes developing multiple domain-specific language models for the considered domains. We will make the developed models, resources, and codebase available for the researchers.

由于其在非洲以外的40多个国家 /地区的迅速传播，最近的蒙基托克斯爆发已成为公共卫生问题。由于与水痘和麻疹的相似之处，蒙基托斯在早期的临床诊断是具有挑战性的。如果不容易获得验证性聚合酶链反应（PCR）测试，那么计算机辅助检测蒙基氧基病变可能对可疑病例的监视和快速鉴定有益。只要有足够的训练示例，深度学习方法在自动检测皮肤病变中有效。但是，截至目前，此类数据集尚未用于猴蛋白酶疾病。在当前的研究中，我们首先开发``Monkeypox皮肤病变数据集（MSLD）。用于增加样本量，并建立了3倍的交叉验证实验。在下一步中，采用了几种预训练的深度学习模型，即VGG-16，Resnet50和InceptionV3用于对Monkeypox和Monkeypox和Monkeypox和其他疾病。还开发了三种型号的合奏。RESNET50达到了82.96美元（\ pm4.57 \％）$的最佳总体准确性，而VGG16和整体系统的准确性达到了81.48美元（\ pm6.87 \％）$和$ 79.26（\ pm1.05 \％）$。还开发了一个原型网络应用程序作为在线蒙基蛋白筛选工具。虽然该有限数据集的初始结果是有希望的，但需要更大的人口统计学多样化的数据集来进一步增强性增强性。这些的普遍性 楷模。

大多数杂草物种都会通过竞争高价值作物所需的营养而产生对农业生产力的不利影响。手动除草对于大型种植区不实用。已经开展了许多研究，为农业作物制定了自动杂草管理系统。在这个过程中，其中一个主要任务是识别图像中的杂草。但是，杂草的认可是一个具有挑战性的任务。它是因为杂草和作物植物的颜色，纹理和形状类似，可以通过成像条件，当记录图像时的成像条件，地理或天气条件进一步加剧。先进的机器学习技术可用于从图像中识别杂草。在本文中，我们调查了五个最先进的深神经网络，即VGG16，Reset-50，Inception-V3，Inception-Resnet-V2和MobileNetv2，并评估其杂草识别的性能。我们使用了多种实验设置和多个数据集合组合。特别是，我们通过组合几个较小的数据集，通过数据增强构成了一个大型DataSet，缓解了类别不平衡，并在基于深度神经网络的基准测试中使用此数据集。我们通过保留预先训练的权重来调查使用转移学习技术来利用作物和杂草数据集的图像提取特征和微调它们。我们发现VGG16比小规模数据集更好地执行，而ResET-50比其他大型数据集上的其他深网络更好地执行。

在安全关键设置中运行的自治系统的控制器必须考虑随机扰动。这种干扰通常被建模为过程噪声，并且常见的假设是底层分布是已知的和/或高斯的。然而，在实践中，这些假设可能是不现实的并且可以导致真正噪声分布的近似值。我们提出了一种新的规划方法，不依赖于噪声分布的任何明确表示。特别是，我们解决了计算控制器的控制器，该控制器提供了安全地到达目标的概率保证。首先，我们将连续系统摘要进入一个离散状态模型，通过状态之间的概率转换捕获噪声。作为关键贡献，我们根据噪声的有限数量的样本来调整这些过渡概率的方案方法中的工具。我们在所谓的间隔马尔可夫决策过程（IMDP）的转换概率间隔中捕获这些界限。该IMDP在过渡概率中的不确定性稳健，并且可以通过样本的数量来控制概率间隔的紧张性。我们使用最先进的验证技术在IMDP上提供保证，并计算这些保证对自主系统的控制器。即使IMDP有数百万个州或过渡，也表明了我们方法的实际适用性。

我们研究了由测量和过程噪声引起的不确定性的动态系统的规划问题。测量噪声导致系统状态可观察性有限，并且过程噪声在给定控制的结果中导致不确定性。问题是找到一个控制器，保证系统在有限时间内达到所需的目标状态，同时避免障碍物，至少需要一些所需的概率。由于噪音，此问题不承认一般的精确算法或闭合性解决方案。我们的主要贡献是一种新颖的规划方案，采用卡尔曼滤波作为状态估计器，以获得动态系统的有限状态抽象，我们将作为马尔可夫决策过程（MDP）正式化。通过延长概率间隔的MDP，我们可以增强模型对近似过渡概率的数值不精确的鲁棒性。对于这种所谓的间隔MDP（IMDP），我们采用最先进的验证技术来有效地计算最大化目标状态概率的计划。我们展示了抽象的正确性，并提供了几种优化，旨在平衡计划的质量和方法的可扩展性。我们展示我们的方法能够处理具有6维状态的系统，该系统导致具有数万个状态和数百万个过渡的IMDP。

模型预测控制（MPC）表明了控制诸如腿机器人等复杂系统的巨大成功。然而，在关闭循环时，在每个控制周期解决的有限范围最佳控制问题（OCP）的性能和可行性不再保证。这是由于模型差异，低级控制器，不确定性和传感器噪声的影响。为了解决这些问题，我们提出了一种修改版本，该版本的标准MPC方法用于带有活力的腿运动（弱向不变性）保证。在这种方法中，代替向问题添加（保守）终端约束，我们建议使用投影到在每个控制周期的OCP中的可行性内核中投影的测量状态。此外，我们使用过去的实验数据来找到最佳成本重量，该重量测量性能，约束满足鲁棒性或稳定性（不变性）的组合。这些可解释的成本衡量了稳健性和性能之间的贸易。为此目的，我们使用贝叶斯优化（BO）系统地设计实验，有助于有效地收集数据以了解导致强大性能的成本函数。我们的模拟结果具有不同的现实干扰（即外部推动，未铭出的执行器动态和计算延迟）表明了我们为人形机器人创造了强大的控制器的方法的有效性。

Designing experiments often requires balancing between learning about the true treatment effects and earning from allocating more samples to the superior treatment. While optimal algorithms for the Multi-Armed Bandit Problem (MABP) provide allocation policies that optimally balance learning and earning, they tend to be computationally expensive. The Gittins Index (GI) is a solution to the MABP that can simultaneously attain optimality and computationally efficiency goals, and it has been recently used in experiments with Bernoulli and Gaussian rewards. For the first time, we present a modification of the GI rule that can be used in experiments with exponentially-distributed rewards. We report its performance in simulated 2- armed and 3-armed experiments. Compared to traditional non-adaptive designs, our novel GI modified design shows operating characteristics comparable in learning (e.g. statistical power) but substantially better in earning (e.g. direct benefits). This illustrates the potential that designs using a GI approach to allocate participants have to improve participant benefits, increase efficiencies, and reduce experimental costs in adaptive multi-armed experiments with exponential rewards.

Quadruped robots are currently used in industrial robotics as mechanical aid to automate several routine tasks. However, presently, the usage of such a robot in a domestic setting is still very much a part of the research. This paper discusses the understanding and virtual simulation of such a robot capable of detecting and understanding human emotions, generating its gait, and responding via sounds and expression on a screen. To this end, we use a combination of reinforcement learning and software engineering concepts to simulate a quadruped robot that can understand emotions, navigate through various terrains and detect sound sources, and respond to emotions using audio-visual feedback. This paper aims to establish the framework of simulating a quadruped robot that is emotionally intelligent and can primarily respond to audio-visual stimuli using motor or audio response. The emotion detection from the speech was not as performant as ERANNs or Zeta Policy learning, still managing an accuracy of 63.5%. The video emotion detection system produced results that are almost at par with the state of the art, with an accuracy of 99.66%. Due to its "on-policy" learning process, the PPO algorithm was extremely rapid to learn, allowing the simulated dog to demonstrate a remarkably seamless gait across the different cadences and variations. This enabled the quadruped robot to respond to generated stimuli, allowing us to conclude that it functions as predicted and satisfies the aim of this work.

A step-search sequential quadratic programming method is proposed for solving nonlinear equality constrained stochastic optimization problems. It is assumed that constraint function values and derivatives are available, but only stochastic approximations of the objective function and its associated derivatives can be computed via inexact probabilistic zeroth- and first-order oracles. Under reasonable assumptions, a high-probability bound on the iteration complexity of the algorithm to approximate first-order stationarity is derived. Numerical results on standard nonlinear optimization test problems illustrate the advantages and limitations of our proposed method.

Learning efficient and interpretable policies has been a challenging task in reinforcement learning (RL), particularly in the visual RL setting with complex scenes. While neural networks have achieved competitive performance, the resulting policies are often over-parameterized black boxes that are difficult to interpret and deploy efficiently. More recent symbolic RL frameworks have shown that high-level domain-specific programming logic can be designed to handle both policy learning and symbolic planning. However, these approaches rely on coded primitives with little feature learning, and when applied to high-dimensional visual scenes, they can suffer from scalability issues and perform poorly when images have complex object interactions. To address these challenges, we propose \textit{Differentiable Symbolic Expression Search} (DiffSES), a novel symbolic learning approach that discovers discrete symbolic policies using partially differentiable optimization. By using object-level abstractions instead of raw pixel-level inputs, DiffSES is able to leverage the simplicity and scalability advantages of symbolic expressions, while also incorporating the strengths of neural networks for feature learning and optimization. Our experiments demonstrate that DiffSES is able to generate symbolic policies that are simpler and more and scalable than state-of-the-art symbolic RL methods, with a reduced amount of symbolic prior knowledge.