自动语音识别（ASR）中编辑的后编辑需要自动纠正ASR系统产生的常见和系统错误。 ASR系统的输出在很大程度上容易出现语音和拼写错误。在本文中，我们建议使用强大的预训练的序列模型BART，BART进一步适应训练以作为剥夺模型，以纠正此类类型的错误。自适应培训是在通过合成诱导错误以及通过合并现有ASR系统中的实际错误获得的增强数据集上执行的。我们还提出了一种简单的方法，可以使用单词级别对齐来恢复输出。对重音语音数据的实验结果表明，我们的策略有效地纠正了大量的ASR错误，并在与竞争性基线相比时会产生改善的结果。我们还强调了在印地语语言中相关的语法误差校正任务中获得的负面结果，显示了通过我们建议的模型捕获更广泛上下文的限制。

Search and Rescue (SAR) missions in remote environments often employ autonomous multi-robot systems that learn, plan, and execute a combination of local single-robot control actions, group primitives, and global mission-oriented coordination and collaboration. Often, SAR coordination strategies are manually designed by human experts who can remotely control the multi-robot system and enable semi-autonomous operations. However, in remote environments where connectivity is limited and human intervention is often not possible, decentralized collaboration strategies are needed for fully-autonomous operations. Nevertheless, decentralized coordination may be ineffective in adversarial environments due to sensor noise, actuation faults, or manipulation of inter-agent communication data. In this paper, we propose an algorithmic approach based on adversarial multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) that allows robots to efficiently coordinate their strategies in the presence of adversarial inter-agent communications. In our setup, the objective of the multi-robot team is to discover targets strategically in an obstacle-strewn geographical area by minimizing the average time needed to find the targets. It is assumed that the robots have no prior knowledge of the target locations, and they can interact with only a subset of neighboring robots at any time. Based on the centralized training with decentralized execution (CTDE) paradigm in MARL, we utilize a hierarchical meta-learning framework to learn dynamic team-coordination modalities and discover emergent team behavior under complex cooperative-competitive scenarios. The effectiveness of our approach is demonstrated on a collection of prototype grid-world environments with different specifications of benign and adversarial agents, target locations, and agent rewards.

Deep neural networks have emerged as the workhorse for a large section of robotics and control applications, especially as models for dynamical systems. Such data-driven models are in turn used for designing and verifying autonomous systems. This is particularly useful in modeling medical systems where data can be leveraged to individualize treatment. In safety-critical applications, it is important that the data-driven model is conformant to established knowledge from the natural sciences. Such knowledge is often available or can often be distilled into a (possibly black-box) model $M$. For instance, the unicycle model for an F1 racing car. In this light, we consider the following problem - given a model $M$ and state transition dataset, we wish to best approximate the system model while being bounded distance away from $M$. We propose a method to guarantee this conformance. Our first step is to distill the dataset into few representative samples called memories, using the idea of a growing neural gas. Next, using these memories we partition the state space into disjoint subsets and compute bounds that should be respected by the neural network, when the input is drawn from a particular subset. This serves as a symbolic wrapper for guaranteed conformance. We argue theoretically that this only leads to bounded increase in approximation error; which can be controlled by increasing the number of memories. We experimentally show that on three case studies (Car Model, Drones, and Artificial Pancreas), our constrained neurosymbolic models conform to specified $M$ models (each encoding various constraints) with order-of-magnitude improvements compared to the augmented Lagrangian and vanilla training methods.

This paper is a technical overview of DeepMind and Google's recent work on reinforcement learning for controlling commercial cooling systems. Building on expertise that began with cooling Google's data centers more efficiently, we recently conducted live experiments on two real-world facilities in partnership with Trane Technologies, a building management system provider. These live experiments had a variety of challenges in areas such as evaluation, learning from offline data, and constraint satisfaction. Our paper describes these challenges in the hope that awareness of them will benefit future applied RL work. We also describe the way we adapted our RL system to deal with these challenges, resulting in energy savings of approximately 9% and 13% respectively at the two live experiment sites.

Aspect Based Sentiment Analysis is a dominant research area with potential applications in social media analytics, business, finance, and health. Prior works in this area are primarily based on supervised methods, with a few techniques using weak supervision limited to predicting a single aspect category per review sentence. In this paper, we present an extremely weakly supervised multi-label Aspect Category Sentiment Analysis framework which does not use any labelled data. We only rely on a single word per class as an initial indicative information. We further propose an automatic word selection technique to choose these seed categories and sentiment words. We explore unsupervised language model post-training to improve the overall performance, and propose a multi-label generator model to generate multiple aspect category-sentiment pairs per review sentence. Experiments conducted on four benchmark datasets showcase our method to outperform other weakly supervised baselines by a significant margin.

The SNMMI Artificial Intelligence (SNMMI-AI) Summit, organized by the SNMMI AI Task Force, took place in Bethesda, MD on March 21-22, 2022. It brought together various community members and stakeholders from academia, healthcare, industry, patient representatives, and government (NIH, FDA), and considered various key themes to envision and facilitate a bright future for routine, trustworthy use of AI in nuclear medicine. In what follows, essential issues, challenges, controversies and findings emphasized in the meeting are summarized.

Existing regulations prohibit model developers from accessing protected attributes (gender, race, etc.), often resulting in fairness assessments on populations without knowing their protected groups. In such scenarios, institutions often adopt a separation between the model developers (who train models with no access to the protected attributes) and a compliance team (who may have access to the entire dataset for auditing purpose). However, the model developers might be allowed to test their models for bias by querying the compliance team for group fairness metrics. In this paper, we first demonstrate that simply querying for fairness metrics, such as statistical parity and equalized odds can leak the protected attributes of individuals to the model developers. We demonstrate that there always exist strategies by which the model developers can identify the protected attribute of a targeted individual in the test dataset from just a single query. In particular, we show that one can reconstruct the protected attributes of all the individuals from O(Nk log n/Nk) queries when Nk<<n using techniques from compressed sensing (n: size of the test dataset, Nk: size of smallest group). Our results pose an interesting debate in algorithmic fairness: should querying for fairness metrics be viewed as a neutral-valued solution to ensure compliance with regulations? Or, does it constitute a violation of regulations and privacy if the number of queries answered is enough for the model developers to identify the protected attributes of specific individuals? To address this supposed violation, we also propose Attribute-Conceal, a novel technique that achieves differential privacy by calibrating noise to the smooth sensitivity of our bias query, outperforming naive techniques such as Laplace mechanism. We also include experimental results on the Adult dataset and synthetic data (broad range of parameters).

我们考虑在线学习设置中的顺序稀疏子集选择的问题。假设集合$ [n] $由$ n $不同的元素组成。在$ t^{\ text {th}} $ round上，单调奖励函数$ f_t：2^{[n]} \ to \ m athbb {r} _+，$，为每个子集分配非阴性奖励$ [n]，向学习者透露$。学习者在奖励功能$ f_t $ for $ f_t $之前（k \ leq n）$选择（也许是随机的）子集$ s_t \ subseteq [n] $ of $ k $元素。由于选择的结果，学习者在$ t^{\ text {th}} $ round上获得了$ f_t（s_t）$的奖励。学习者的目标是设计一项在线子集选择策略，以最大程度地提高其在给定时间范围内产生的预期累积奖励。在这方面，我们提出了一种称为Score的在线学习策略（带有Core的子集选择），以解决大量奖励功能的问题。拟议的分数策略基于$ \ alpha $ core的新概念，这是对合作游戏理论文献中核心概念的概括。我们根据一个名为$ \ alpha $的遗憾的新绩效指标为分数政策建立学习保证。在这个新的指标中，与在线政策相比，离线基准的功能适当增强。我们给出了几个说明性示例，以表明可以使用分数策略有效地学习包括子模型在内的广泛奖励功能。我们还概述了如何在半伴奏反馈模型下使用得分策略，并以许多开放问题的总结结束了论文。

已经开发了增强学习（RL）技术来优化工业冷却系统，与传统的启发式政策相比，提供了可观的节能。工业控制中的一个主要挑战涉及由于机械限制而在现实世界中可行的学习行为。例如，某些操作只能每隔几个小时执行一次，而其他动作可以更频繁地采取。如果没有广泛的奖励工程和实验，RL代理可能无法学习机械的现实操作。为了解决这个问题，我们使用层次结构的增强学习与多种根据操作时间尺度控制动作子集的代理。我们的分层方法可以在现有基线上节省能源，同时在模拟的HVAC控制环境中保持在安全范围内的限制（例如操作冷却器）。

与训练数据中心的训练传统机器学习（ML）模型相反，联合学习（FL）训练ML模型，这些模型在资源受限的异质边缘设备上包含的本地数据集上。现有的FL算法旨在为所有参与的设备学习一个单一的全球模型，这对于所有参与培训的设备可能没有帮助，这是由于整个设备的数据的异质性。最近，Hanzely和Richt \'{A} Rik（2020）提出了一种新的配方，以培训个性化的FL模型，旨在平衡传统的全球模型与本地模型之间的权衡，该模型可以使用其私人数据对单个设备进行培训只要。他们得出了一种称为无环梯度下降（L2GD）的新算法，以解决该算法，并表明该算法会在需要更多个性化的情况下，可以改善沟通复杂性。在本文中，我们为其L2GD算法配备了双向压缩机制，以进一步减少本地设备和服务器之间的通信瓶颈。与FL设置中使用的其他基于压缩的算法不同，我们的压缩L2GD算法在概率通信协议上运行，在概率通信协议中，通信不会按固定的时间表进行。此外，我们的压缩L2GD算法在没有压缩的情况下保持与香草SGD相似的收敛速率。为了验证算法的效率，我们在凸和非凸问题上都进行了多种数值实验，并使用各种压缩技术。