由于相似的外观产品及其各种姿势，在人类级别的精度上设计自动结帐系统为零售商店的精度而言具有挑战性。本文通过提出具有两阶段管道的方法来解决问题。第一阶段检测到类不足的项目，第二阶段专门用于对产品类别进行分类。我们还在视频帧中跟踪对象，以避免重复计数。一个主要的挑战是域间隙，因为模型经过合成数据的训练，但对真实图像进行了测试。为了减少误差差距，我们为第一阶段检测器采用域泛化方法。此外，模型集合用于增强第二阶段分类器的鲁棒性。该方法在AI City Challenge 2022 -Track 4上进行了评估，并在测试A集合中获得F1分40美元\％$。代码在链接https://github.com/cybercore-co-ltd/aicity22-track4上发布。

Non-invasive prostate cancer detection from MRI has the potential to revolutionize patient care by providing early detection of clinically-significant disease (ISUP grade group >= 2), but has thus far shown limited positive predictive value. To address this, we present an MRI-based deep learning method for predicting clinically significant prostate cancer applicable to a patient population with subsequent ground truth biopsy results ranging from benign pathology to ISUP grade group~5. Specifically, we demonstrate that mixed supervision via diverse histopathological ground truth improves classification performance despite the cost of reduced concordance with image-based segmentation. That is, where prior approaches have utilized pathology results as ground truth derived from targeted biopsies and whole-mount prostatectomy to strongly supervise the localization of clinically significant cancer, our approach also utilizes weak supervision signals extracted from nontargeted systematic biopsies with regional localization to improve overall performance. Our key innovation is performing regression by distribution rather than simply by value, enabling use of additional pathology findings traditionally ignored by deep learning strategies. We evaluated our model on a dataset of 973 (testing n=160) multi-parametric prostate MRI exams collected at UCSF from 2015-2018 followed by MRI/ultrasound fusion (targeted) biopsy and systematic (nontargeted) biopsy of the prostate gland, demonstrating that deep networks trained with mixed supervision of histopathology can significantly exceed the performance of the Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) clinical standard for prostate MRI interpretation.

Fake videos represent an important misinformation threat. While existing forensic networks have demonstrated strong performance on image forgeries, recent results reported on the Adobe VideoSham dataset show that these networks fail to identify fake content in videos. In this paper, we propose a new network that is able to detect and localize a wide variety of video forgeries and manipulations. To overcome challenges that existing networks face when analyzing videos, our network utilizes both forensic embeddings to capture traces left by manipulation, context embeddings to exploit forensic traces' conditional dependencies upon local scene content, and spatial attention provided by a deep, transformer-based attention mechanism. We create several new video forgery datasets and use these, along with publicly available data, to experimentally evaluate our network's performance. These results show that our proposed network is able to identify a diverse set of video forgeries, including those not encountered during training. Furthermore, our results reinforce recent findings that image forensic networks largely fail to identify fake content in videos.

Artificial intelligence methods including deep neural networks (DNN) can provide rapid molecular classification of tumors from routine histology with accuracy that matches or exceeds human pathologists. Discerning how neural networks make their predictions remains a significant challenge, but explainability tools help provide insights into what models have learned when corresponding histologic features are poorly defined. Here, we present a method for improving explainability of DNN models using synthetic histology generated by a conditional generative adversarial network (cGAN). We show that cGANs generate high-quality synthetic histology images that can be leveraged for explaining DNN models trained to classify molecularly-subtyped tumors, exposing histologic features associated with molecular state. Fine-tuning synthetic histology through class and layer blending illustrates nuanced morphologic differences between tumor subtypes. Finally, we demonstrate the use of synthetic histology for augmenting pathologist-in-training education, showing that these intuitive visualizations can reinforce and improve understanding of histologic manifestations of tumor biology.

Predictive simulations of the shock-to-detonation transition (SDT) in heterogeneous energetic materials (EM) are vital to the design and control of their energy release and sensitivity. Due to the complexity of the thermo-mechanics of EM during the SDT, both macro-scale response and sub-grid mesoscale energy localization must be captured accurately. This work proposes an efficient and accurate multiscale framework for SDT simulations of EM. We employ deep learning to model the mesoscale energy localization of shock-initiated EM microstructures upon which prediction results are used to supply reaction progress rate information to the macroscale SDT simulation. The proposed multiscale modeling framework is divided into two stages. First, a physics-aware recurrent convolutional neural network (PARC) is used to model the mesoscale energy localization of shock-initiated heterogeneous EM microstructures. PARC is trained using direct numerical simulations (DNS) of hotspot ignition and growth within microstructures of pressed HMX material subjected to different input shock strengths. After training, PARC is employed to supply hotspot ignition and growth rates for macroscale SDT simulations. We show that PARC can play the role of a surrogate model in a multiscale simulation framework, while drastically reducing the computation cost and providing improved representations of the sub-grid physics. The proposed multiscale modeling approach will provide a new tool for material scientists in designing high-performance and safer energetic materials.

作为网络防御的重要工具，欺骗正在迅速发展，并补充了现有的周边安全措施，以迅速检测出漏洞和数据盗窃。限制欺骗使用的因素之一是手工生成逼真的人工制品的成本。但是，机器学习的最新进展为可扩展的，自动化的现实欺骗创造了机会。本愿景论文描述了开发模型所涉及的机会和挑战，以模仿IT堆栈的许多共同元素以造成欺骗效应。

跨不同边缘设备（客户）局部数据的分布不均匀，导致模型训练缓慢，并降低了联合学习的准确性。幼稚的联合学习（FL）策略和大多数替代解决方案试图通过加权跨客户的深度学习模型来实现更多公平。这项工作介绍了在现实世界数据集中遇到的一种新颖的非IID类型，即集群键，其中客户组具有具有相似分布的本地数据，从而导致全局模型收敛到过度拟合的解决方案。为了处理非IID数据，尤其是群集串数据的数据，我们提出了FedDrl，这是一种新型的FL模型，它采用了深厚的强化学习来适应每个客户的影响因素（将用作聚合过程中的权重）。在一组联合数据集上进行了广泛的实验证实，拟议的FEDDR可以根据CIFAR-100数据集的平均平均为FedAvg和FedProx方法提高了有利的改进，例如，高达4.05％和2.17％。

鉴于在各种条件和背景下捕获的图像的识别药物已经变得越来越重要。已经致力于利用基于深度学习的方法来解决文献中的药丸识别问题。但是，由于药丸的外观之间的相似性很高，因此经常发生错误识别，因此识别药丸是一个挑战。为此，在本文中，我们介绍了一种名为Pika的新颖方法，该方法利用外部知识来增强药丸识别精度。具体来说，我们解决了一种实用的情况（我们称之为上下文药丸识别），旨在在患者药丸摄入量的情况下识别药丸。首先，我们提出了一种新的方法，用于建模在存在外部数据源的情况下，在这种情况下，在存在外部处方的情况下，药丸之间的隐式关联。其次，我们提出了一个基于步行的图形嵌入模型，该模型从图形空间转换为矢量空间，并提取药丸的凝结关系。第三，提供了最终框架，该框架利用基于图像的视觉和基于图的关系特征来完成药丸识别任务。在此框架内，每种药丸的视觉表示形式都映射到图形嵌入空间，然后用来通过图表执行注意力，从而产生了有助于最终分类的语义丰富的上下文矢量。据我们所知，这是第一项使用外部处方数据来建立药物之间的关联并使用此帮助信息对其进行分类的研究。皮卡（Pika）的体系结构轻巧，并且具有将识别骨架纳入任何识别骨架的灵活性。实验结果表明，通过利用外部知识图，与基线相比，PIKA可以将识别精度从4.8％提高到34.1％。

本文介绍了一场组织的结果，以评估3D手姿势序列中异质手势的在线识别方法的方法。任务是检测属于以不同姿势和运动特征为特征的16个类词典的手势。该数据集具有手跟踪数据的连续序列，其中手势与不显着的动作交织在一起。在现实的混合现实交互用例中，使用HoloLens 2手指跟踪系统捕获了数据。评估不仅基于检测性能，还基于延迟和误报，使您可以根据提出的算法了解实际交互工具的可行性。比赛评估的结果表明需要进一步研究以减少识别错误，而所提出的算法的计算成本足够低。

抗微生物抗性（AMR）是日益增长的公共卫生威胁，估计每年造成超过1000万人死亡，在现状预测下，到2050年，全球经济损失了100万亿美元。这些损失主要是由于治疗失败的发病率和死亡率增加，医疗程序中的AMR感染以及归因于AMR的生活质量损失所致。已经提出了许多干预措施来控制AMR的发展并减轻其传播带来的风险。本文回顾了细菌AMR管理和控制的关键方面，这些方面可以利用人工智能，机器学习以及数学和统计建模等数据技术，这些领域在本世纪已经快速发展。尽管数据技术已成为生物医学研究的组成部分，但它们对AMR管理的影响仍然很小。我们概述了使用数据技术来打击AMR，详细介绍了四个互补类别的最新进展：监视，预防，诊断和治疗。我们在生物医学研究，临床实践和“一个健康”背景下使用数据技术提供了有关当前AMR控制方法的概述。我们讨论了数据技术的潜在影响和挑战在高收入和中等收入国家中面临的实施，并建议将这些技术更容易地整合到医疗保健和公共卫生中所需的具体行动，并建议使用具体的行动部门。