Aspect sentiment triplet extraction (ASTE) aims to extract aspect term, sentiment and opinion term triplets from sentences. Since the initial datasets used to evaluate models on ASTE had flaws, several studies later corrected the initial datasets and released new versions of the datasets independently. As a result, different studies select different versions of datasets to evaluate their methods, which makes ASTE-related works hard to follow. In this paper, we analyze the relation between different versions of datasets and suggest that the entire-space version should be used for ASTE. Besides the sentences containing triplets and the triplets in the sentences, the entire-space version additionally includes the sentences without triplets and the aspect terms which do not belong to any triplets. Hence, the entire-space version is consistent with real-world scenarios and evaluating models on the entire-space version can better reflect the models' performance in real-world scenarios. In addition, experimental results show that evaluating models on non-entire-space datasets inflates the performance of existing models and models trained on the entire-space version can obtain better performance.

Aspect Sentiment Triplet Extraction (ASTE) has become an emerging task in sentiment analysis research, aiming to extract triplets of the aspect term, its corresponding opinion term, and its associated sentiment polarity from a given sentence. Recently, many neural networks based models with different tagging schemes have been proposed, but almost all of them have their limitations: heavily relying on 1) prior assumption that each word is only associated with a single role (e.g., aspect term, or opinion term, etc. ) and 2) word-level interactions and treating each opinion/aspect as a set of independent words. Hence, they perform poorly on the complex ASTE task, such as a word associated with multiple roles or an aspect/opinion term with multiple words. Hence, we propose a novel approach, Span TAgging and Greedy infErence (STAGE), to extract sentiment triplets in span-level, where each span may consist of multiple words and play different roles simultaneously. To this end, this paper formulates the ASTE task as a multi-class span classification problem. Specifically, STAGE generates more accurate aspect sentiment triplet extractions via exploring span-level information and constraints, which consists of two components, namely, span tagging scheme and greedy inference strategy. The former tag all possible candidate spans based on a newly-defined tagging set. The latter retrieves the aspect/opinion term with the maximum length from the candidate sentiment snippet to output sentiment triplets. Furthermore, we propose a simple but effective model based on the STAGE, which outperforms the state-of-the-arts by a large margin on four widely-used datasets. Moreover, our STAGE can be easily generalized to other pair/triplet extraction tasks, which also demonstrates the superiority of the proposed scheme STAGE.

Aspect Sentiment Triplet Extraction (ASTE) is a new fine-grained sentiment analysis task that aims to extract triplets of aspect terms, sentiments, and opinion terms from review sentences. Recently, span-level models achieve gratifying results on ASTE task by taking advantage of the predictions of all possible spans. Since all possible spans significantly increases the number of potential aspect and opinion candidates, it is crucial and challenging to efficiently extract the triplet elements among them. In this paper, we present a span-level bidirectional network which utilizes all possible spans as input and extracts triplets from spans bidirectionally. Specifically, we devise both the aspect decoder and opinion decoder to decode the span representations and extract triples from aspect-to-opinion and opinion-to-aspect directions. With these two decoders complementing with each other, the whole network can extract triplets from spans more comprehensively. Moreover, considering that mutual exclusion cannot be guaranteed between the spans, we design a similar span separation loss to facilitate the downstream task of distinguishing the correct span by expanding the KL divergence of similar spans during the training process; in the inference process, we adopt an inference strategy to remove conflicting triplets from the results base on their confidence scores. Experimental results show that our framework not only significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods, but achieves better performance in predicting triplets with multi-token entities and extracting triplets in sentences contain multi-triplets.

方面情感三胞胎提取（ASTE）旨在提取方面，意见及其情感关系作为情感三胞胎的跨度。现有的作品通常将跨度检测作为1D令牌标记问题制定，并使用令牌对的2D标记矩阵对情感识别进行建模。此外，通过利用诸如伯特（Bert）之类的审计语言编码器（PLES）的代表形式，它们可以实现更好的性能。但是，他们只是利用将功能提取器作为提取器来构建其模块，但从未深入了解特定知识所包含的内容。在本文中，我们争辩说，与其进一步设计模块以捕获ASTE的电感偏见，不如包含“足够”的“足够”功能，用于1D和2D标记：（1）令牌表示包含令牌本身的上下文含义，因此此级别，因此此级别功能带有必要的信息以进行1D标记。 （2）不同PLE层的注意力矩阵可以进一步捕获令牌对中存在的多层次语言知识，从而使2D标记受益。 （3）此外，对于简单的转换，这两个功能也可以很容易地转换为2D标记矩阵和1D标记序列。这将进一步提高标签结果。通过这样做，PLE可以是自然的标记框架并实现新的最新状态，通过广泛的实验和深入分析来验证。

方面情绪三重态提取（ASTE）旨在从句子中提取三胞胎，包括目标实体，相关情感极性，以及合理化极性的意见跨度。现有方法缺乏目标 - 意见对之间的构建相关性，并忽略不同情绪三联体之间的相互干扰。为了解决这些问题，我们利用了两阶段框架来增强目标和意见之间的相关性：在阶段，通过序列标记提取目标和意见;然后，我们附加了一组名为可感知对的人工标签，其指示特定目标意义元组的跨度，输入句子以获得更接近相关的目标意见对表示。同时，我们通过限制令牌的注意力领域来降低三态层之间的负干扰。最后，根据可感知对的表示来识别极性。我们对四个数据集进行实验，实验结果表明了我们模型的有效性。

As an important fine-grained sentiment analysis problem, aspect-based sentiment analysis (ABSA), aiming to analyze and understand people's opinions at the aspect level, has been attracting considerable interest in the last decade. To handle ABSA in different scenarios, various tasks are introduced for analyzing different sentiment elements and their relations, including the aspect term, aspect category, opinion term, and sentiment polarity. Unlike early ABSA works focusing on a single sentiment element, many compound ABSA tasks involving multiple elements have been studied in recent years for capturing more complete aspect-level sentiment information. However, a systematic review of various ABSA tasks and their corresponding solutions is still lacking, which we aim to fill in this survey. More specifically, we provide a new taxonomy for ABSA which organizes existing studies from the axes of concerned sentiment elements, with an emphasis on recent advances of compound ABSA tasks. From the perspective of solutions, we summarize the utilization of pre-trained language models for ABSA, which improved the performance of ABSA to a new stage. Besides, techniques for building more practical ABSA systems in cross-domain/lingual scenarios are discussed. Finally, we review some emerging topics and discuss some open challenges to outlook potential future directions of ABSA.

基于方面的情绪分析（ABSA）任务由三个典型的子特点组成：术语术语提取，意见术语提取和情感极性分类。这三个子组织通常是共同执行的，以节省资源并减少管道中的错误传播。但是，大多数现有联合模型只关注编码器共享的福利在子任务之间共享，但忽略差异。因此，我们提出了一个关节ABSA模型，它不仅享有编码器共享的好处，而且还专注于提高模型效率的差异。详细地，我们介绍了双编码器设计，其中一对编码器特别侧重于候选方识对分类，并且原始编码器对序列标记进行注意。经验结果表明，我们的拟议模型显示了鲁棒性，并显着优于前一个基准数据集的先前最先进。

最近对结构偏见进行了针对情感三胞胎提取（ASTE）的利用，并改善了性能。另一方面，人们认识到，明确纳入结构偏见会对效率产生负面影响，而预验证的语言模型（PLM）已经可以捕获隐式结构。因此，出现了一个自然的问题：在PLM的背景下，结构性偏见仍然是必要的吗？为了回答这个问题，我们建议通过使用适配器在PLM中整合结构偏置并使用便宜的计算相对位置结构来代替句法依赖性结构来解决效率问题。基准评估是在Semeval数据集上进行的。结果表明，我们提出的结构适配器对PLM有益，并在一系列强大的基准范围内实现最先进的性能，但具有光参数需求和延迟较低。同时，我们引起了人们的担忧，即当前的评估默认值为小规模的数据不足。因此，我们为ASTE发布了一个大型数据集。新数据集的结果暗示，结构适配器在大规模上自信地有效和有效。总体而言，我们得出一个结论，即即使使用PLM，结构偏见仍然是必要的。

基于方面的情感分析（ABSA）是一个自然语言处理问题，需要分析用户生成的评论以确定：a）审查的目标实体，b）其所属的高级方面，c）对目标和方面表达的情绪。 ABSA的许多但分散的语料库使研究人员很难快速识别最适合特定ABSA子任务的Corpora。这项研究旨在介绍一个可用于培训和评估自动级ABSA系统的语料库数据库。此外，我们还概述了有关各种ABSA及其子任务的主要语料库，并突出了研究人员在选择语料库时应考虑的几个语料库功能。我们得出结论，需要进一步的大规模ABSA语料库。此外，由于每个语料库的构建方式都不同，因此研究人员在许多语料库上尝试一种新颖的ABSA算法，并且通常只采用一个或几个语料库，这是耗时的。该领域将从ABSA CORPORA的数据标准协议中受益。最后，我们讨论当前收集方法的优势和缺点，并为将来的ABSA数据集收集提出建议。

面向目标的意见单词提取（TOWE）是一项精细的情感分析任务，旨在从句子中提取给定意见目标的相应意见单词。最近，深度学习方法在这项任务上取得了显着进步。然而，由于昂贵的数据注释过程，TOWE任务仍然遭受培训数据的稀缺性。有限的标记数据增加了测试数据和培训数据之间分配变化的风险。在本文中，我们建议利用大量未标记的数据来通过增加模型对变化分布变化的暴露来降低风险。具体而言，我们提出了一种新型的多透明一致性正则化（MGCR）方法，以利用未标记的数据并设计两个专门用于TOWE的过滤器，以在不同的粒度上过滤嘈杂的数据。四个TOWE基准数据集的广泛实验结果表明，与当前的最新方法相比，MGCR的优越性。深入分析还证明了不同粒度过滤器的有效性。我们的代码可在https://github.com/towessl/towessl上找到。

方面情绪三重态提取（Aste）旨在识别目标，他们的情感极化和意见解释句子的情绪。 Aste可以自然地分为3个原子子组织，即目标检测，意见检测和情绪分类。我们认为针对目标 - 意见对的合适的子任务组合，组成特征提取，以及子任务之间的互动将是成功的关键。然而，由于缺陷的子任务制定，子最优特征表示或缺少子任务相互作用，在“一对多”或“多对一”的情况下可能导致不存在的情绪三体，或导出不存在的情绪三元组。在本文中，我们将Aste划分为目标 - 意见联合检测和情绪分类子任务，这与人类认知符合，并且相应地利用序列编码器和表编码器来处理它们。表编码器在令牌对等级提取情绪，从而可以容易地捕获目标和意见之间的组成特征。要在子任务之间建立显式交互，我们利用表格表示来指导序列编码，并将序列功能注入到表编码器中。实验表明，我们的模型在六个受欢迎的ASTE数据集中优于最先进的方法。

基于方面的情绪分析（ABSA）主要涉及三个子任务：方面术语提取，意见术语提取和方面思维分类，其通常以单独的或联合方式处理。然而，以前的方法并没有很好地利用三个子任务之间的互动关系，并不完全利用易于使用的文档级标记的域/情绪知识，这限制了他们的性能。为解决这些问题，我们提出了一种用于端到端ABSA的新型迭代多知识转移网络（IMKTN）。首先，通过ABSA子组织之间的交互式相关性，我们的IMKTN通过利用精心设计的路由算法将来自三个子任务中的任意两个子组织中的任意两个子组织中的任务特定知识传输到另一个，即任何两个这三个子组织将有助于第三个子任务。对于另一个，我们的IMKTN无疑将文档级知识，即特定于域和情绪相关的知识传输到方面级别子特派团，以进一步提高相应的性能。三个基准数据集的实验结果证明了我们方法的有效性和优越性。

Aspect Based Sentiment Analysis is a dominant research area with potential applications in social media analytics, business, finance, and health. Prior works in this area are primarily based on supervised methods, with a few techniques using weak supervision limited to predicting a single aspect category per review sentence. In this paper, we present an extremely weakly supervised multi-label Aspect Category Sentiment Analysis framework which does not use any labelled data. We only rely on a single word per class as an initial indicative information. We further propose an automatic word selection technique to choose these seed categories and sentiment words. We explore unsupervised language model post-training to improve the overall performance, and propose a multi-label generator model to generate multiple aspect category-sentiment pairs per review sentence. Experiments conducted on four benchmark datasets showcase our method to outperform other weakly supervised baselines by a significant margin.

基于方面的情感分析（ABSA）旨在预测对给定方面表达的情感极性（SC）或提取意见跨度（OE）。 ABSA的先前工作主要依赖于相当复杂的特定方面特征诱导。最近，审计的语言模型（PLM），例如伯特（Bert）已被用作上下文建模层，以简化特征感应结构并实现最新性能。但是，这种基于PLM的上下文建模可能不是特定于方面的。因此，一个关键问题的探索还不足：如何通过PLM更好地建模特定方面的上下文？为了回答这个问题，我们试图以非侵入性的方式通过PLM增强特定方面的上下文建模。我们提出了三个特定于方面的输入转换，即伴侣，方面提示和方面标记。通过这些转变，可以实现非侵入性方面的PLM，以促进PLM，以便更多地关注句子中特定方面的环境。此外，我们为ABSA（ADVABSA）制定了对抗性基准，以查看特定于方面的建模如何影响模型的鲁棒性。 SC和OE的标准和对抗性基准的广泛实验结果证明了该方法的有效性和鲁棒性，从而在OE上产生了新的最新性能和SC上的竞争性能。

The rapid development of aspect-based sentiment analysis (ABSA) within recent decades shows great potential for real-world society. The current ABSA works, however, are mostly limited to the scenario of a single text piece, leaving the study in dialogue contexts unexplored. In this work, we introduce a novel task of conversational aspect-based sentiment quadruple analysis, namely DiaASQ, aiming to detect the sentiment quadruple of target-aspect-opinion-sentiment in a dialogue. DiaASQ bridges the gap between fine-grained sentiment analysis and conversational opinion mining. We manually construct a large-scale, high-quality Chinese dataset and also obtain the English version dataset via manual translation. We deliberately propose a neural model to benchmark the task. It advances in effectively performing end-to-end quadruple prediction and manages to incorporate rich dialogue-specific and discourse feature representations for better cross-utterance quadruple extraction. We finally point out several potential future works to facilitate the follow-up research of this new task. The DiaASQ data is open at https://github.com/unikcc/DiaASQ

Opinion mining is the branch of computation that deals with opinions, appraisals, attitudes, and emotions of people and their different aspects. This field has attracted substantial research interest in recent years. Aspect-level (called aspect-based opinion mining) is often desired in practical applications as it provides detailed opinions or sentiments about different aspects of entities and entities themselves, which are usually required for action. Aspect extraction and entity extraction are thus two core tasks of aspect-based opinion mining. his paper has presented a framework of aspect-based opinion mining based on the concept of transfer learning. on real-world customer reviews available on the Amazon website. The model has yielded quite satisfactory results in its task of aspect-based opinion mining.

基于方面的情感分析（ABSA）是一项精细的情感分析任务，它的重点是检测句子中的情感极性。但是，它始终对多方面的挑战敏感，在句子中，多个方面的特征将相互影响。为了减轻此问题，我们设计了一个新颖的培训框架，称为对比度跨通道数据增强（C3 DA），该框架利用了一个内域的发电机来构建更多的多种相应样本，然后通过对比度模型通过对比度学习的稳健性，从而通过对比度学习的稳健性这些生成的数据。实际上，鉴于生成预审预测的语言模型和一些有限的ABSA标记数据，我们首先采用一些参数效率的方法来执行内域微调。然后，所获得的内域发生器用于从两个通道（即方面增强通道和极性增强通道）生成合成句子，该句子分别在给定的方面和极性上生成句子条件。具体而言，我们的C3 DA以跨渠道的方式执行句子生成以获取更多句子，并提出了熵最小化过滤器以滤除低质量生成的样品。广泛的实验表明，我们的C3 DA可以在准确性和宏观上胜过约1％的基准，而不会增加1％。代码和数据在https://github.com/wangbing1416/c3da中发布。

基于方面的情绪分析（ABSA）是一种文本分析方法，其定义了与特定目标相关的某些方面的意见的极性。 ABSA的大部分研究都是英文，阿拉伯语有少量的工作。最先前的阿拉伯语研究依赖于深度学习模型，主要依赖于独立于上下文的单词嵌入（例如，e.g.word2vec），其中每个单词都有一个独立于其上下文的固定表示。本文探讨了从预先培训的语言模型（如BERT）的上下文嵌入的建模功能，例如BERT，以及在阿拉伯语方面情感极度分类任务中使用句子对输入。特别是，我们开发一个简单但有效的基于伯特的神经基线来处理这项任务。根据三种不同阿拉伯语数据集的实验结果，我们的BERT架构与简单的线性分类层超出了最先进的作品。在Arabic Hotel评论数据库中实现了89.51％的准确性，73％的人类注册书评论数据集和阿拉伯新闻数据集的85.73％。

Biomedical named entity recognition (BioNER) seeks to automatically recognize biomedical entities in natural language text, serving as a necessary foundation for downstream text mining tasks and applications such as information extraction and question answering. Manually labeling training data for the BioNER task is costly, however, due to the significant domain expertise required for accurate annotation. The resulting data scarcity causes current BioNER approaches to be prone to overfitting, to suffer from limited generalizability, and to address a single entity type at a time (e.g., gene or disease). We therefore propose a novel all-in-one (AIO) scheme that uses external data from existing annotated resources to improve generalization. We further present AIONER, a general-purpose BioNER tool based on cutting-edge deep learning and our AIO schema. We evaluate AIONER on 14 BioNER benchmark tasks and show that AIONER is effective, robust, and compares favorably to other state-of-the-art approaches such as multi-task learning. We further demonstrate the practical utility of AIONER in three independent tasks to recognize entity types not previously seen in training data, as well as the advantages of AIONER over existing methods for processing biomedical text at a large scale (e.g., the entire PubMed data).

基于方面的情感分析（ABSA）是一项精细的情感分析任务，旨在使特定方面的情感极性推断对齐方面和相应的情感。这是具有挑战性的，因为句子可能包含多个方面或复杂（例如，有条件，协调或逆境）的关系。最近，使用图神经网络利用依赖性语法信息是最受欢迎的趋势。尽管取得了成功，但在很大程度上依赖依赖树的方法在准确地建模方面的对准及其单词方面构成了挑战，因为依赖树可能会提供无关的关联的嘈杂信号（例如，“ conj”之间的关系“ conj”之间的关系。图2中的“伟大”和“可怕”。在本文中，为了减轻这个问题，我们提出了一个双轴法意识到的图形注意网络（BISYN-GAT+）。具体而言，bisyn-gat+完全利用句子组成树的语法信息（例如，短语分割和层次结构），以建模每个方面的情感感知环境（称为内在文章）和跨方面的情感关系（称为跨性别的情感）称为Inter-Contept）学习。四个基准数据集的实验表明，BISYN-GAT+的表现始终超过最新方法。