发生毁灭性事件后，数十年来仍然可以看到空袭的后果。未爆炸的军械（UXO）是对人类生活和环境的巨大危险。通过评估战时图像，专家可以推断出DUD的发生。当前的手动分析过程是昂贵且耗时的，因此使用深度学习可以自动检测炸弹陨石坑，是改善UXO处置过程的一种有希望的方法。但是，这些方法需要大量手动标记的培训数据。这项工作利用月球表面图像来利用域的适应性，以解决自动化炸弹火山口检测的问题，并在有限的训练数据的限制下深入学习。本文通过提供有限的训练数据和（2）的自动炸弹火山口检测的解决方案方法来促进学术和实践（1），并通过证明使用合成图像进行域适应的可用性和相关挑战。

在离岸部门以及科学界在水下行动方面的迅速发展，水下车辆变得更加复杂。值得注意的是，许多水下任务，包括对海底基础设施的评估，都是在自动水下车辆（AUV）的帮助下进行的。最近在人工智能（AI）方面取得了突破，尤其是深度学习（DL）模型和应用，这些模型和应用在各种领域都广泛使用，包括空中无人驾驶汽车，自动驾驶汽车导航和其他应用。但是，由于难以获得特定应用的水下数据集，它们在水下应用中并不普遍。从这个意义上讲，当前的研究利用DL领域的最新进步来构建从实验室环境中捕获的物品照片产生的定制数据集。通过将收集到的图像与包含水下环境的照片相结合，将生成的对抗网络（GAN）用于将实验室对象数据集转化为水下域。这些发现证明了创建这样的数据集的可行性，因为与现实世界的水下船体船体图像相比，所得图像与真实的水下环境非常相似。因此，水下环境的人工数据集可以克服因对实际水下图像的有限访问而引起的困难，并用于通过水下对象图像分类和检测来增强水下操作。

Domain adaptation is critical for success in new, unseen environments. Adversarial adaptation models applied in feature spaces discover domain invariant representations, but are difficult to visualize and sometimes fail to capture pixel-level and low-level domain shifts. Recent work has shown that generative adversarial networks combined with cycle-consistency constraints are surprisingly effective at mapping images between domains, even without the use of aligned image pairs. We propose a novel discriminatively-trained Cycle-Consistent Adversarial Domain Adaptation model. CyCADA adapts representations at both the pixel-level and feature-level, enforces cycle-consistency while leveraging a task loss, and does not require aligned pairs. Our model can be applied in a variety of visual recognition and prediction settings. We show new state-of-the-art results across multiple adaptation tasks, including digit classification and semantic segmentation of road scenes demonstrating transfer from synthetic to real world domains.

The International Workshop on Reading Music Systems (WoRMS) is a workshop that tries to connect researchers who develop systems for reading music, such as in the field of Optical Music Recognition, with other researchers and practitioners that could benefit from such systems, like librarians or musicologists. The relevant topics of interest for the workshop include, but are not limited to: Music reading systems; Optical music recognition; Datasets and performance evaluation; Image processing on music scores; Writer identification; Authoring, editing, storing and presentation systems for music scores; Multi-modal systems; Novel input-methods for music to produce written music; Web-based Music Information Retrieval services; Applications and projects; Use-cases related to written music. These are the proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Reading Music Systems, held in Alicante on the 23rd of July 2021.

Deep learning has produced state-of-the-art results for a variety of tasks. While such approaches for supervised learning have performed well, they assume that training and testing data are drawn from the same distribution, which may not always be the case. As a complement to this challenge, single-source unsupervised domain adaptation can handle situations where a network is trained on labeled data from a source domain and unlabeled data from a related but different target domain with the goal of performing well at test-time on the target domain. Many single-source and typically homogeneous unsupervised deep domain adaptation approaches have thus been developed, combining the powerful, hierarchical representations from deep learning with domain adaptation to reduce reliance on potentially-costly target data labels. This survey will compare these approaches by examining alternative methods, the unique and common elements, results, and theoretical insights. We follow this with a look at application areas and open research directions.

Deep domain adaptation has emerged as a new learning technique to address the lack of massive amounts of labeled data. Compared to conventional methods, which learn shared feature subspaces or reuse important source instances with shallow representations, deep domain adaptation methods leverage deep networks to learn more transferable representations by embedding domain adaptation in the pipeline of deep learning. There have been comprehensive surveys for shallow domain adaptation, but few timely reviews the emerging deep learning based methods. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey of deep domain adaptation methods for computer vision applications with four major contributions. First, we present a taxonomy of different deep domain adaptation scenarios according to the properties of data that define how two domains are diverged. Second, we summarize deep domain adaptation approaches into several categories based on training loss, and analyze and compare briefly the state-of-the-art methods under these categories. Third, we overview the computer vision applications that go beyond image classification, such as face recognition, semantic segmentation and object detection. Fourth, some potential deficiencies of current methods and several future directions are highlighted.

使用合成数据来训练在现实世界数据上实现良好性能的神经网络是一项重要任务，因为它可以减少对昂贵数据注释的需求。然而，合成和现实世界数据具有域间隙。近年来，已经广泛研究了这种差距，也称为域的适应性。通过直接执行两者之间的适应性来缩小源（合成）和目标数据之间的域间隙是具有挑战性的。在这项工作中，我们提出了一个新颖的两阶段框架，用于改进图像数据上的域适应技术。在第一阶段，我们逐步训练一个多尺度神经网络，以从源域到目标域进行图像翻译。我们将新的转换数据表示为“目标中的源”（SIT）。然后，我们将生成的SIT数据插入任何标准UDA方法的输入。该新数据从所需的目标域缩小了域间隙，这有助于应用UDA进一步缩小差距的方法。我们通过与其他领先的UDA和图像对图像翻译技术进行比较来强调方法的有效性，当时用作SIT发电机。此外，我们通过三种用于语义分割的最先进的UDA方法（HRDA，daformer and proda）在两个UDA任务上，GTA5到CityScapes和Synthia to CityScapes来证明我们的框架的改进。

语义分割在广泛的计算机视觉应用中起着基本作用，提供了全球对图像​​的理解的关键信息。然而，最先进的模型依赖于大量的注释样本，其比在诸如图像分类的任务中获得更昂贵的昂贵的样本。由于未标记的数据替代地获得更便宜，因此无监督的域适应达到了语义分割社区的广泛成功并不令人惊讶。本调查致力于总结这一令人难以置信的快速增长的领域的五年，这包含了语义细分本身的重要性，以及将分段模型适应新环境的关键需求。我们提出了最重要的语义分割方法;我们对语义分割的域适应技术提供了全面的调查;我们揭示了多域学习，域泛化，测试时间适应或无源域适应等较新的趋势;我们通过描述在语义细分研究中最广泛使用的数据集和基准测试来结束本调查。我们希望本调查将在学术界和工业中提供具有全面参考指导的研究人员，并有助于他们培养现场的新研究方向。

X-ray imaging technology has been used for decades in clinical tasks to reveal the internal condition of different organs, and in recent years, it has become more common in other areas such as industry, security, and geography. The recent development of computer vision and machine learning techniques has also made it easier to automatically process X-ray images and several machine learning-based object (anomaly) detection, classification, and segmentation methods have been recently employed in X-ray image analysis. Due to the high potential of deep learning in related image processing applications, it has been used in most of the studies. This survey reviews the recent research on using computer vision and machine learning for X-ray analysis in industrial production and security applications and covers the applications, techniques, evaluation metrics, datasets, and performance comparison of those techniques on publicly available datasets. We also highlight some drawbacks in the published research and give recommendations for future research in computer vision-based X-ray analysis.

海洋生态系统及其鱼类栖息地越来越重要，因为它们在提供有价值的食物来源和保护效果方面的重要作用。由于它们的偏僻且难以接近自然，因此通常使用水下摄像头对海洋环境和鱼类栖息地进行监测。这些相机产生了大量数字数据，这些数据无法通过当前的手动处理方法有效地分析，这些方法涉及人类观察者。 DL是一种尖端的AI技术，在分析视觉数据时表现出了前所未有的性能。尽管它应用于无数领域，但仍在探索其在水下鱼类栖息地监测中的使用。在本文中，我们提供了一个涵盖DL的关键概念的教程，该教程可帮助读者了解对DL的工作原理的高级理解。该教程还解释了一个逐步的程序，讲述了如何为诸如水下鱼类监测等挑战性应用开发DL算法。此外，我们还提供了针对鱼类栖息地监测的关键深度学习技术的全面调查，包括分类，计数，定位和细分。此外，我们对水下鱼类数据集进行了公开调查，并比较水下鱼类监测域中的各种DL技术。我们还讨论了鱼类栖息地加工深度学习的新兴领域的一些挑战和机遇。本文是为了作为希望掌握对DL的高级了解，通过遵循我们的分步教程而为其应用开发的海洋科学家的教程，并了解如何发展其研究，以促进他们的研究。努力。同时，它适用于希望调查基于DL的最先进方法的计算机科学家，以进行鱼类栖息地监测。

本文介绍了用于合成近红外（NIR）图像生成和边界盒水平检测系统的数据集。不可否认的是，诸如Tensorflow或Pytorch之类的高质量机器学习框架以及大规模的Imagenet或可可数据集借助于加速GPU硬件，已将机器学习技术的极限推向了数十多年。在这些突破中，高质量的数据集是可以在模型概括和数据驱动的深神经网络的部署方面取得成功的基本构件之一。特别是，综合数据生成任务通常比其他监督方法需要更多的培训样本。因此，在本文中，我们共享从两个公共数据集（即Nirscene和Sen12ms）和我们的新颖NIR+RGB甜椒（辣椒（辣椒）数据集）重新处理的NIR+RGB数据集。我们定量和定性地证明了这些NIR+RGB数据集足以用于合成NIR图像生成。对于NIRSCENE1，SEN12MS和SEWT PEPPER数据集，我们实现了第11.36、26.53、26.53、26.53和40.15的距离（FID）。此外，我们发布了11个水果边界盒的手动注释，可以使用云服务将其作为各种格式导出。四个新添加的水果[蓝莓，樱桃，猕猴桃和小麦]化合物11新颖的边界盒数据集，在我们先前的DeepFruits项目中提出的作品[Apple，Appsicum，Capsicum，Capsicum，Mango，Orange，Rockmelon，Strawberry]。数据集的边界框实例总数为162K，可以从云服务中使用。为了评估数据集，YOLOV5单阶段检测器被利用并报告了令人印象深刻的平均水平前期，MAP [0.5：0.95]的结果为[min：0.49，最大：0.812]。我们希望这些数据集有用，并作为未来研究的基准。

使用计算机视觉对间接费用的分析是一个问题，在学术文献中受到了很大的关注。在这个领域运行的大多数技术都非常专业，需要大型数据集的昂贵手动注释。这些问题通过开发更通用的框架来解决这些问题，并结合了表示学习的进步，该框架可以更灵活地分析具有有限标记数据的新图像类别。首先，根据动量对比机制创建了未标记的空中图像数据集的强大表示。随后，通过构建5个标记图像的准确分类器来专门用于不同的任务。从6000万个未标记的图像中，成功的低水平检测城市基础设施进化，体现了我们推进定量城市研究的巨大潜力。

我们介绍了一个自主任务生成的对抗性网络（SATGAN），并将其应用于具有现实噪声模式和从收集数据中学习的现实噪声模式和传感器特性的常住空间对象的合成高对比度科学图像的问题。由于必须保留的数据中的语义内容的高度本地化，增强这些合成数据是具有挑战性的。真正收集的图像用于训练网络的特定传感器图像应该是什么样的网络。然后，培训的网络在嘈杂的上下文图像上用作过滤器，并输出具有未嵌入的语义内容的现实看起来。该架构由条件GANS启发，但被修改为包括通过增强保留语义信息的任务网络。另外，架构被示出为减少幻觉对象的情况或在表示空间观测场景的上下文图像中的语义内容的混淆。

近年来，深度学习已成为遥感科学家最有效的计算机视觉工具之一。但是，遥感数据集缺乏培训标签，这意味着科学家需要解决域适应性问题，以缩小卫星图像数据集之间的差异。结果，随后训练的图像分割模型可以更好地概括并使用现有的一组标签，而不需要新的标签。这项工作提出了一个无监督的域适应模型，该模型可在样式转移阶段保留图像的语义一致性和每个像素质量。本文的主要贡献是提出了SEMI2I模型的改进体系结构，该模型显着提高了所提出的模型的性能，并使其与最先进的Cycada模型具有竞争力。第二个贡献是在遥感多波段数据集（例如Worldview-2和Spot-6）上测试Cycada模型。提出的模型可在样式传递阶段保留图像的语义一致性和每个像素质量。因此，与SEMI2I模型相比，经过适应图像的训练的语义分割模型显示出可观的性能增长，并达到与最先进的Cycada模型相似的结果。所提出方法的未来开发可能包括生态领域转移，{\ em先验}对数据分布的质量评估，或探索域自适应模型的内部体系结构。

车辆分类是一台热电电脑视觉主题，研究从地面查看到顶视图。在遥感中，顶视图的使用允许了解城市模式，车辆集中，交通管理等。但是，在瞄准像素方面的分类时存在一些困难：（a）大多数车辆分类研究使用对象检测方法，并且最公开的数据集设计用于此任务，（b）创建实例分段数据集是费力的，并且（C ）传统的实例分段方法由于对象很小，因此在此任务上执行此任务。因此，本研究目标是：（1）提出使用GIS软件的新型半监督迭代学习方法，（2）提出一种自由盒实例分割方法，（3）提供城市规模的车辆数据集。考虑的迭代学习程序：（1）标记少数车辆，（2）在这些样本上列车，（3）使用模型对整个图像进行分类，（4）将图像预测转换为多边形shapefile，（5 ）纠正有错误的一些区域，并将其包含在培训数据中，（6）重复，直到结果令人满意。为了单独的情况，我们考虑了车辆内部和车辆边界，DL模型是U-Net，具有高效网络B7骨架。当移除边框时，车辆内部变为隔离，允许唯一的对象识别。要恢复已删除的1像素边框，我们提出了一种扩展每个预测的简单方法。结果显示与掩模-RCNN（IOU中67％的82％）相比的更好的像素 - 明智的指标。关于每个对象分析，整体准确性，精度和召回大于90％。该管道适用于任何遥感目标，对分段和生成数据集非常有效。

This work proposes a framework developed to generalize Critical Heat Flux (CHF) detection classification models using an Unsupervised Image-to-Image (UI2I) translation model. The framework enables a typical classification model that was trained and tested on boiling images from domain A to predict boiling images coming from domain B that was never seen by the classification model. This is done by using the UI2I model to transform the domain B images to look like domain A images that the classification model is familiar with. Although CNN was used as the classification model and Fixed-Point GAN (FP-GAN) was used as the UI2I model, the framework is model agnostic. Meaning, that the framework can generalize any image classification model type, making it applicable to a variety of similar applications and not limited to the boiling crisis detection problem. It also means that the more the UI2I models advance, the better the performance of the framework.

In recent years, applying deep learning (DL) to assess structural damages has gained growing popularity in vision-based structural health monitoring (SHM). However, both data deficiency and class-imbalance hinder the wide adoption of DL in practical applications of SHM. Common mitigation strategies include transfer learning, over-sampling, and under-sampling, yet these ad-hoc methods only provide limited performance boost that varies from one case to another. In this work, we introduce one variant of the Generative Adversarial Network (GAN), named the balanced semi-supervised GAN (BSS-GAN). It adopts the semi-supervised learning concept and applies balanced-batch sampling in training to resolve low-data and imbalanced-class problems. A series of computer experiments on concrete cracking and spalling classification were conducted under the low-data imbalanced-class regime with limited computing power. The results show that the BSS-GAN is able to achieve better damage detection in terms of recall and $F_\beta$ score than other conventional methods, indicating its state-of-the-art performance.

We propose a general framework for unsupervised domain adaptation, which allows deep neural networks trained on a source domain to be tested on a different target domain without requiring any training annotations in the target domain. This is achieved by adding extra networks and losses that help regularize the features extracted by the backbone encoder network. To this end we propose the novel use of the recently proposed unpaired image-toimage translation framework to constrain the features extracted by the encoder network. Specifically, we require that the features extracted are able to reconstruct the images in both domains. In addition we require that the distribution of features extracted from images in the two domains are indistinguishable. Many recent works can be seen as specific cases of our general framework. We apply our method for domain adaptation between MNIST, USPS, and SVHN datasets, and Amazon, Webcam and DSLR Office datasets in classification tasks, and also between GTA5 and Cityscapes datasets for a segmentation task. We demonstrate state of the art performance on each of these datasets.

Generative adversarial networks (GANs) provide a way to learn deep representations without extensively annotated training data. They achieve this through deriving backpropagation signals through a competitive process involving a pair of networks. The representations that can be learned by GANs may be used in a variety of applications, including image synthesis, semantic image editing, style transfer, image super-resolution and classification. The aim of this review paper is to provide an overview of GANs for the signal processing community, drawing on familiar analogies and concepts where possible. In addition to identifying different methods for training and constructing GANs, we also point to remaining challenges in their theory and application.