In this paper, we study the problem of visual grounding by considering both phrase extraction and grounding (PEG). In contrast to the previous phrase-known-at-test setting, PEG requires a model to extract phrases from text and locate objects from images simultaneously, which is a more practical setting in real applications. As phrase extraction can be regarded as a $1$D text segmentation problem, we formulate PEG as a dual detection problem and propose a novel DQ-DETR model, which introduces dual queries to probe different features from image and text for object prediction and phrase mask prediction. Each pair of dual queries is designed to have shared positional parts but different content parts. Such a design effectively alleviates the difficulty of modality alignment between image and text (in contrast to a single query design) and empowers Transformer decoder to leverage phrase mask-guided attention to improve performance. To evaluate the performance of PEG, we also propose a new metric CMAP (cross-modal average precision), analogous to the AP metric in object detection. The new metric overcomes the ambiguity of Recall@1 in many-box-to-one-phrase cases in phrase grounding. As a result, our PEG pre-trained DQ-DETR establishes new state-of-the-art results on all visual grounding benchmarks with a ResNet-101 backbone. For example, it achieves $91.04\%$ and $83.51\%$ in terms of recall rate on RefCOCO testA and testB with a ResNet-101 backbone. Code will be availabl at \url{https://github.com/IDEA-Research/DQ-DETR}.
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现有语言接地模型通常使用对象提案瓶颈:预先训练的探测器提出了场景中的对象,模型学会从这些框提案中选择答案,而不会参加原始图像或3D点云。对象探测器通常在固定词汇上培训,其对象和属性通常过于限制开放域语言接地,其中话语可以指在各种抽象层面的视觉实体,例如椅子,椅子的椅子,或椅子前腿的尖端。我们为3D场景提出了一个用于接地语言的模型,绕过具有三个主要创新的盒子提案瓶颈:i)横跨语言流的迭代注意,点云特征流和3D框提案。 ii)具有非参数实体查询的变压器解码器,用于对对象和部分参考进行解码3D框。 iii)通过将物体检测视为由候选类别标签列表的参考词汇的接地为基础,从3D对象注释和语言接地注释的联合监督。这些创新在流行的3D语言接地基准上之前的方法上产生了显着的定量收益(对SR3D基准测试的绝对改善)。我们消除了我们的每一个创新,向模型表现出贡献。当在具有次要变化的2D图像上应用于语言接地时,它会与最先进的,同时收敛于GPU时间的一半。代码和检查点将在https://github.com/nickgkan/beaut_detr中提供
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在本文中,我们研究了如何使用现代视觉语言变形金刚实现更好的视觉接地,并为这项具有挑战性的任务提出了一种简单而强大的选择性训练(SIRI)机制。特别是,Siri传达了视觉接地研究的重要原则,即更好的初始视觉语言编码器将帮助该模型收敛到更好的局部最低限度,从而相应地提高性能。具体而言,随着训练的进行,我们不断更新编码器的参数,而定期重新定位的其余参数则可以根据增强的编码来更好地优化模型。 Siri在三个流行的基准测试中可以大大优于以前的方法。具体而言,我们的方法在Refcoco+ Testa上达到了83.04%的TOP1精度,超过了最先进的方法(从头开始训练)超过10.21%。此外,我们透露,即使培训数据有限,Siri也表现出色。我们还将其扩展到基于变压器的视觉接地模型和其他视觉语言任务,以验证有效性。
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我们提出了GLIPV2,这是一个接地的VL理解模型,该模型既服务于本地化任务(例如,对象检测,实例分割)和视觉语言(VL)理解任务(例如VQA,图像字幕)。 GLIPV2优雅地将本地化预训练和视觉语言预训练(VLP)具有三个预训练任务:短语接地作为对检测任务的VL重新重新制定,区域词对比度学习作为新型的区域词对比度对比度对比学习任务,以及蒙面的语言建模。这种统一不仅简化了先前的多阶段VLP程序,而且还可以在本地化和理解任务之间实现相互利益。实验结果表明,在各种本地化和理解任务上,单个GLIPV2模型(所有模型权重)在SOTA性能附近实现。该模型还显示了(1)在开放式摄制对象检测任务上进行的强零射击和很少的自适应性能,以及(2)VL理解任务上的卓越接地能力。代码将在https://github.com/microsoft/glip上发布。
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视觉语言(VL)预训练最近受到了广泛的关注。但是,大多数现有的端到端预训练方法只旨在解决诸如图像文本检索,视觉询问答案(VQA)和图像字幕等VL任务,以测试对图像的高级了解,或者仅对目标区域进行测试 - 对诸如短语接地和对象检测等任务的水平理解。我们提出了Fiber(基于回避的变压器),这是一种新的VL模型体系结构,可以无缝处理这两种类型的任务。 Fiber没有将多模式融合到模型深处,而不是将融合后的专用变压器层用于融合,而是通过将交叉注意力插入图像和文本骨干杆中,从而在记忆和性能方面带来了增长。此外,与以前的工作不同,它要么仅在图像文本数据上进行训练,要么在带有框级注释的细粒度数据上进行培训,我们提出了一种两阶段的预训练策略,该策略有效地使用了这两种数据:(( i)基于图像文本数据的粗粒细化预训练;然后是(ii)基于图像文本框数据的细粒度预训练。我们对各种VL任务进行全面的实验,从VQA,图像字幕和检索到短语接地,参考表达理解和对象检测。使用深层多模式融合,结合两阶段的预训练,光纤可对所有任务的强基础进行一致的性能改进,通常使用幅度更优于更多数据的方法。代码可从https://github.com/microsoft/fiber获得。
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多模式变压器表现出高容量和灵活性,可将图像和文本对齐以进行视觉接地。然而,由于自我发挥操作的二次时间复杂性,仅编码的接地框架(例如,transvg)遭受了沉重的计算。为了解决这个问题,我们通过将整个接地过程解散为编码和解码阶段,提出了一种新的多模式变压器体系结构,以动态MDETR形成。关键观察是,图像中存在很高的空间冗余。因此,我们通过在加快视觉接地过程之前利用这种稀疏性来设计一种新的动态多模式变压器解码器。具体而言,我们的动态解码器由2D自适应采样模块和文本引导的解码模块组成。采样模块旨在通过预测参考点的偏移来选择这些信息补丁,而解码模块则可以通过在图像功能和文本功能之间执行交叉注意来提取接地对象信息。这两个模块也被堆叠起来,以逐渐弥合模态间隙,并迭代地完善接地对象的参考点,最终实现了视觉接地的目的。对五个基准测试的广泛实验表明,我们提出的动态MDETR实现了计算和准确性之间的竞争权衡。值得注意的是,在解码器中仅使用9%的特征点,我们可以降低〜44%的多模式变压器的GLOP,但仍然比仅编码器的对应物更高的精度。此外,为了验证其概括能力并扩展我们的动态MDETR,我们构建了第一个单级剪辑授权的视觉接地框架,并在这些基准测试中实现最先进的性能。
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We present in this paper a novel denoising training method to speedup DETR (DEtection TRansformer) training and offer a deepened understanding of the slow convergence issue of DETR-like methods. We show that the slow convergence results from the instability of bipartite graph matching which causes inconsistent optimization goals in early training stages. To address this issue, except for the Hungarian loss, our method additionally feeds ground-truth bounding boxes with noises into Transformer decoder and trains the model to reconstruct the original boxes, which effectively reduces the bipartite graph matching difficulty and leads to a faster convergence. Our method is universal and can be easily plugged into any DETR-like methods by adding dozens of lines of code to achieve a remarkable improvement. As a result, our DN-DETR results in a remarkable improvement ($+1.9$AP) under the same setting and achieves the best result (AP $43.4$ and $48.6$ with $12$ and $50$ epochs of training respectively) among DETR-like methods with ResNet-$50$ backbone. Compared with the baseline under the same setting, DN-DETR achieves comparable performance with $50\%$ training epochs. Code is available at \url{https://github.com/FengLi-ust/DN-DETR}.
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我们将Dino(\ textbf {d} etr与\ textbf {i} mpred de \ textbf {n} oising hand \ textbf {o} r boxes),一种最先进的端到端对象检测器。 % 在本文中。 Dino通过使用一种对比度方法来降级训练,一种用于锚定初始化的混合查询选择方法以及对盒子预测的两次方案,通过使用对比的方式来改善性能和效率的模型。 Dino在$ 12 $时代获得$ 49.4 $ ap,$ 12.3 $ ap in Coco $ 24 $时期,带有Resnet-50骨干和多尺度功能,可显着改善$ \ textbf {+6.0} $ \ textbf {ap}和ap {ap}和ap}和$ \ textbf {+2.7} $ \ textbf {ap}与以前的最佳detr样模型相比,分别是dn-detr。 Dino在模型大小和数据大小方面都很好地缩放。没有铃铛和哨子,在对objects365数据集进行了swinl骨架的预训练后,Dino在两个Coco \ texttt {val2017}($ \ textbf {63.2} $ \ textbf {ap ap})和\ testtt { -dev}(\ textbf {$ \ textbf {63.3} $ ap})。与排行榜上的其他模型相比,Dino大大降低了其模型大小和预训练数据大小,同时实现了更好的结果。我们的代码将在\ url {https://github.com/ideacvr/dino}提供。
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我们提出了Findit,这是一个简单而多功能的框架,统一了各种视觉接地和本地化任务,包括引用表达理解,基于文本的本地化和对象检测。我们体系结构的关键是一个有效的多尺度融合模块,该模块统一了整个任务中不同的本地化要求。此外,我们发现标准对象检测器在统一这些任务的无需特定任务设计,损失或预计算检测方面非常有效。我们的端到端可训练框架灵活,准确地响应了零,一个或多个对象的广泛的参考表达,本地化或检测查询。在这些任务上进行了共同培训,发现在引用表达和基于文本的本地化方面,胜过最高的艺术状态,并在对象检测中表现出竞争性的性能。最后,与强大的单任务基准相比,Findit可以更好地推广到分布数据和新型类别。所有这些都是通过一个单一的,统一和有效的模型来完成的。代码将发布。
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在本文中,我们提出了Unicorn,一种vision-language(vl)模型,使文本生成和边界框预测到单个架构中。具体而言,我们将每个框量化为四个离散框令牌,并将其序列化为序列,可以与文本令牌集成。我们将所有VL问题作为一代任务,其中目标序列由集成文本和框令牌组成。然后,我们训练变压器编码器解码器以以自动回归方式预测目标。通过如此统一的框架和输入输出格式,Unicorn在7 VL基准测试中实现了对现有技术的可比性的性能,涵盖了视觉接地,接地字幕,视觉问题应答和图像标题任务。当用多任务FINETUNING培训时,UNICORN可以通过单一的参数方法接近不同的VL任务,从而跨越下游任务边界。我们展示了具有单一模型不仅可以节省参数,而且还可以在某些任务上提高模型性能。最后,Unicorn显示了概括到诸如ImageNet对象本地化的新任务的能力。
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Learning fine-grained interplay between vision and language allows to a more accurate understanding for VisionLanguage tasks. However, it remains challenging to extract key image regions according to the texts for semantic alignments. Most existing works are either limited by textagnostic and redundant regions obtained with the frozen detectors, or failing to scale further due to its heavy reliance on scarce grounding (gold) data to pre-train detectors. To solve these problems, we propose Self-Locator Aided Network (SLAN) for cross-modal understanding tasks without any extra gold data. SLAN consists of a region filter and a region adaptor to localize regions of interest conditioned on different texts. By aggregating cross-modal information, the region filter selects key regions and the region adaptor updates their coordinates with text guidance. With detailed region-word alignments, SLAN can be easily generalized to many downstream tasks. It achieves fairly competitive results on five cross-modal understanding tasks (e.g., 85.7% and 69.2% on COCO image-to-text and text-to-image retrieval, surpassing previous SOTA methods). SLAN also demonstrates strong zero-shot and fine-tuned transferability to two localization tasks.
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以前的视觉语言预训练模型主要构建具有令牌和对象(像素)的多模式输入,然后在它们之间执行交叉模式相互作用。我们认为,只有令牌和对象的输入限制了诸如短语到区域接地之类的高级语义对齐。同时,多层次对齐本质上是一致的,并且能够协同促进表示形式学习。因此,在本文中,我们建议学习视觉预训练(MVPTR)的多级语义一致性。在MVPTR中,我们遵循两种方式的嵌套结构,以引入概念为高级语义。为了简化从多模式多级输入的学习,我们的框架分为两个阶段,第一阶段着重于模式内多级表示学习,第二阶段通过粗粒和细粒度跨模态强化了跨模式的交互语义对齐任务。除了常用的图像文本匹配和掩盖语言模型任务外,我们还引入了第一阶段蒙版概念恢复任务以增强概念表示学习,第二阶段的另外两个任务在第二阶段中,以明确鼓励跨跨层次的多层次对准方式。我们的代码可在https://github.com/junction4nako/mvp_pytorch上找到。
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In this paper we present Mask DINO, a unified object detection and segmentation framework. Mask DINO extends DINO (DETR with Improved Denoising Anchor Boxes) by adding a mask prediction branch which supports all image segmentation tasks (instance, panoptic, and semantic). It makes use of the query embeddings from DINO to dot-product a high-resolution pixel embedding map to predict a set of binary masks. Some key components in DINO are extended for segmentation through a shared architecture and training process. Mask DINO is simple, efficient, and scalable, and it can benefit from joint large-scale detection and segmentation datasets. Our experiments show that Mask DINO significantly outperforms all existing specialized segmentation methods, both on a ResNet-50 backbone and a pre-trained model with SwinL backbone. Notably, Mask DINO establishes the best results to date on instance segmentation (54.5 AP on COCO), panoptic segmentation (59.4 PQ on COCO), and semantic segmentation (60.8 mIoU on ADE20K) among models under one billion parameters. Code is available at \url{https://github.com/IDEACVR/MaskDINO}.
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Vision-Language Pre-Training (VLP) has shown promising capabilities to align image and text pairs, facilitating a broad variety of cross-modal learning tasks. However, we observe that VLP models often lack the visual grounding/localization capability which is critical for many downstream tasks such as visual reasoning. In this work, we propose a novel Position-guided Text Prompt (PTP) paradigm to enhance the visual grounding ability of cross-modal models trained with VLP. Specifically, in the VLP phase, PTP divides the image into $N\times N$ blocks, and identifies the objects in each block through the widely used object detector in VLP. It then reformulates the visual grounding task into a fill-in-the-blank problem given a PTP by encouraging the model to predict the objects in the given blocks or regress the blocks of a given object, e.g. filling `P" or ``O" in aPTP ``The block P has a O". This mechanism improves the visual grounding capability of VLP models and thus helps them better handle various downstream tasks. By introducing PTP into several state-of-the-art VLP frameworks, we observe consistently significant improvements across representative cross-modal learning model architectures and several benchmarks, e.g. zero-shot Flickr30K Retrieval (+4.8 in average recall@1) for ViLT \cite{vilt} baseline, and COCO Captioning (+5.3 in CIDEr) for SOTA BLIP \cite{blip} baseline. Moreover, PTP achieves comparable results with object-detector based methods, and much faster inference speed since PTP discards its object detector for inference while the later cannot. Our code and pre-trained weight will be released at \url{https://github.com/sail-sg/ptp}.
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变压器是一种基于关注的编码器解码器架构,彻底改变了自然语言处理领域。灵感来自这一重大成就,最近在将变形式架构调整到计算机视觉(CV)领域的一些开创性作品,这已经证明了他们对各种简历任务的有效性。依靠竞争力的建模能力,与现代卷积神经网络相比在本文中,我们已经为三百不同的视觉变压器进行了全面的审查,用于三个基本的CV任务(分类,检测和分割),提出了根据其动机,结构和使用情况组织这些方法的分类。 。由于培训设置和面向任务的差异,我们还在不同的配置上进行了评估了这些方法,以便于易于和直观的比较而不是各种基准。此外,我们已经揭示了一系列必不可少的,但可能使变压器能够从众多架构中脱颖而出,例如松弛的高级语义嵌入,以弥合视觉和顺序变压器之间的差距。最后,提出了三个未来的未来研究方向进行进一步投资。
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开放世界对象检测是一个更具笼统和挑战性的目标,旨在识别和本地化由任意类别名称描述的对象。最近的工作GLIP通过将检测数据集的所有类别名称连接到句子中,从而将此问题作为接地问题,从而导致类别名称之间的效率低下的相互作用。本文介绍了Distclip,这是一种通过诉诸于设计概念词典的知识富集,是一种平行的视觉概念训练预训练方法,用于开放世界检测。为了提高学习效率,我们提出了一种新型的并行概念公式,该公式分别提取概念,以更好地利用异质数据集(即检测,接地和图像文本对)进行培训。我们进一步设计了来自各种在线资源和检测数据集的概念字典〜(带有描述),以提供每个概念的先验知识。通过用描述丰富这些概念,我们明确地建立了各种概念之间的关系,以促进开放域学习。所提出的概念词典进一步用于提供足够的负面概念,用于构建单词区域对齐损失\,并完成图像对文本对数据标题中缺少描述的对象的标签。所提出的框架显示出强烈的零射击性能性能,例如,在LVIS数据集上,我们的DETCLIP-T优于9.9%的地图GLIPT-T优于GLIP-T,并且与完全避免的型号相比,稀有类别的稀有类别提高了13.5%。作为我们的。
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Panoptic叙事接地(PNG)是一项新的任务,其目标是通过静止图像的密集叙事标题来分割事物和内容类别的视觉对象。先前的两阶段方法首先提取了通过现成的全盘分割模型提取分割区域的建议,然后进行粗糙的区域短语匹配,以将每个名词短语的候选区域接地。但是,两阶段的管道通常受到第一阶段低质量建议的性能限制,以及由区域特征池的损失以及为事物和东西类别设计的复杂策略引起的空间细节。为了减轻这些缺点,我们提出了一个单阶段的端到端像素匹配网络(PPMN),该网络将每个短语与其相应的像素直接匹配,而不是区域建议,并通过简单组合输出全段段。因此,我们的模型可以从密集注释的像素色素对的监督而不是稀疏的区域短语对中利用足够,更精细的跨模式语义对应关系。此外,我们还提出了与语言兼容的像素聚合(LCPA)模块,以进一步通过多轮修补剂增强短语特征的判别能力,该简化为每个短语选择最兼容的像素以适应相应的视觉上下文。广泛的实验表明,我们的方法在PNG基准测试中实现了新的最新性能,并具有4.0个绝对平均召回率增长。
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The prevailing framework for matching multimodal inputs is based on a two-stage process: 1) detecting proposals with an object detector and 2) matching text queries with proposals. Existing two-stage solutions mostly focus on the matching step. In this paper, we argue that these methods overlook an obvious \emph{mismatch} between the roles of proposals in the two stages: they generate proposals solely based on the detection confidence (i.e., query-agnostic), hoping that the proposals contain all instances mentioned in the text query (i.e., query-aware). Due to this mismatch, chances are that proposals relevant to the text query are suppressed during the filtering process, which in turn bounds the matching performance. To this end, we propose VL-NMS, which is the first method to yield query-aware proposals at the first stage. VL-NMS regards all mentioned instances as critical objects, and introduces a lightweight module to predict a score for aligning each proposal with a critical object. These scores can guide the NMS operation to filter out proposals irrelevant to the text query, increasing the recall of critical objects, resulting in a significantly improved matching performance. Since VL-NMS is agnostic to the matching step, it can be easily integrated into any state-of-the-art two-stage matching methods. We validate the effectiveness of VL-NMS on two multimodal matching tasks, namely referring expression grounding and image-text matching. Extensive ablation studies on several baselines and benchmarks consistently demonstrate the superiority of VL-NMS.
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In this work, we focus on instance-level open vocabulary segmentation, intending to expand a segmenter for instance-wise novel categories without mask annotations. We investigate a simple yet effective framework with the help of image captions, focusing on exploiting thousands of object nouns in captions to discover instances of novel classes. Rather than adopting pretrained caption models or using massive caption datasets with complex pipelines, we propose an end-to-end solution from two aspects: caption grounding and caption generation. In particular, we devise a joint Caption Grounding and Generation (CGG) framework based on a Mask Transformer baseline. The framework has a novel grounding loss that performs explicit and implicit multi-modal feature alignments. We further design a lightweight caption generation head to allow for additional caption supervision. We find that grounding and generation complement each other, significantly enhancing the segmentation performance for novel categories. We conduct extensive experiments on the COCO dataset with two settings: Open Vocabulary Instance Segmentation (OVIS) and Open Set Panoptic Segmentation (OSPS). The results demonstrate the superiority of our CGG framework over previous OVIS methods, achieving a large improvement of 6.8% mAP on novel classes without extra caption data. Our method also achieves over 15% PQ improvements for novel classes on the OSPS benchmark under various settings.
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Vision语言中最现有的方法依赖于通过对象检测提取的对象中心特征,并在提取的功能和文本之间进行细粒度对齐。我们认为物体检测的使用可能不适合视觉语言预培训。相反,我们指出应该执行任务,以便文本中提到的“视觉概念”的区域位于图像中,并且在文本和视觉概念之间的平时对齐中,识别在其中的校准处于多个 - 粒度。本文提出了一种称为X-VLM的新方法,以执行“多粒度的视觉语言预训练”。实验结果表明,X-VLM在许多下游视觉语言任务中始终如一地优于最先进的方法。
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