Pre-trained models have achieved remarkable success in natural language processing (NLP). However, existing pre-training methods underutilize the benefits of language understanding for generation. Inspired by the idea of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), we propose a GAN-style model for encoder-decoder pre-training by introducing an auxiliary discriminator, unifying the ability of language understanding and generation in a single model. Our model, named as GanLM, is trained with two pre-training objectives: replaced token detection and replaced token denoising. Specifically, given masked source sentences, the generator outputs the target distribution and the discriminator predicts whether the target sampled tokens from distribution are incorrect. The target sentence is replaced with misclassified tokens to construct noisy previous context, which is used to generate the gold sentence. In general, both tasks improve the ability of language understanding and generation by selectively using the denoising data. Extensive experiments in language generation benchmarks show that GanLM with the powerful language understanding capability outperforms various strong pre-trained language models (PLMs) and achieves state-of-the-art performance.

本文介绍了Z-Code ++，这是一种针对抽象文本摘要优化的新的预训练的语言模型。该模型使用三种技术扩展了艺术编码器模型的状态。首先，我们使用两阶段的预训练过程来改善模型在低资源摘要任务上的性能。该模型首先是使用文本语料库进行语言理解的预先培训的，然后在汇总语料库中不断预先培训，以进行基础文本生成。其次，我们用分离的注意力层代替编码器中的自我发项层，其中每个单词都使用两个向量分别代表其内容和位置。第三，我们使用融合编码器，这是一种以层次方式编码长序列的简单而有效的方法。 Z-Code ++在13个文本摘要任务中的9个跨5种语言中创建了新的艺术状态。我们的模型的参数有效，因为它的表现优于XSUM上600倍较大的Palm-540b，并且在Samsum上的易经的200倍GPT3-175B较大。在零射击和少量设置中，我们的模型大大优于竞争模型。

以前的工作主要侧重于改善NLU任务的交叉传输，具有多语言预用编码器（MPE），或提高与伯特的监督机器翻译的性能。然而，探索了，MPE是否可以有助于促进NMT模型的交叉传递性。在本文中，我们专注于NMT中的零射频转移任务。在此任务中，NMT模型培训，只有一个语言对的并行数据集和搁置架MPE，然后它直接测试在零拍语言对上。我们为此任务提出了Sixt，一个简单而有效的模型。 SIXT利用了两阶段培训计划利用MPE，并进一步改进了解离编码器和容量增强的解码器。使用此方法，SIMPT显着优于MBart，这是一个用于NMT的预磨削的多语言编码器解码器模型，平均改善了14个源语言的零拍摄的任何英语测试集上的7.1 BLEU。此外，培训计算成本和培训数据较少，我们的模型在15个任何英语测试组上实现了比Criss和M2M-100，两个强大的多语言NMT基线更好的性能。

在本文中，我们介绍了DOCMT5，这是一种预先培训的多语言序列到序列语言模型，具有大规模并行文档。虽然以前的方法专注于利用句子级并行数据，但我们尝试构建一个可以理解和生成长文件的通用预训练模型。我们提出了一个简单有效的预训练目标 - 文件重新排序机翻译（DRMT），其中需要翻译和屏蔽的输入文件。 DRMT在各种文档级生成任务中对强大基线带来一致的改进，包括超过12个BLEU积分，用于观看语言对文件级MT，超过7个BLEU积分，用于看不见的语言对文件级MT和3胭脂-1位为言语对交叉术概要。我们在WMT20 De-en和IWSLT15 Zh-ZH文档翻译任务中实现了最先进的（SOTA）。我们还对文档预培训的各种因素进行了广泛的分析，包括（1）预培训数据质量的影响和（2）组合单语言和交叉训练的影响。我们计划公开使用我们的模型检查站。

This paper demonstrates that multilingual denoising pre-training produces significant performance gains across a wide variety of machine translation (MT) tasks. We present mBART -a sequence-to-sequence denoising auto-encoder pre-trained on large-scale monolingual corpora in many languages using the BART objective . mBART is the first method for pre-training a complete sequence-to-sequence model by denoising full texts in multiple languages, while previous approaches have focused only on the encoder, decoder, or reconstructing parts of the text. Pre-training a complete model allows it to be directly fine tuned for supervised (both sentence-level and document-level) and unsupervised machine translation, with no task-specific modifications. We demonstrate that adding mBART initialization produces performance gains in all but the highest-resource settings, including up to 12 BLEU points for low resource MT and over 5 BLEU points for many document-level and unsupervised models. We also show it also enables new types of transfer to language pairs with no bi-text or that were not in the pre-training corpus, and present extensive analysis of which factors contribute the most to effective pre-training.

对于多语言序列到序列预审预周序模型（多语言SEQ2SEQ PLM），例如姆巴特（Mbart），自制的预处理任务接受了多种单语言的培训，例如25种来自CommonCrawl的语言，而下游的跨语言任务通常在双语语言子集上进行，例如英语 - 德国人，存在数据差异，即领域的差异，以及跨语言学习客观差异，即在训练和填充阶段之间的任务差异。为了弥合上述跨语言域和任务差距，我们将使用额外的代码切换恢复任务扩展了香草预后管道。具体而言，第一阶段采用自我监督的代码转换还原任务作为借口任务，从而允许多语言SEQ2SEQ PLM获取一些域内对齐信息。在第二阶段，我们正常在下游数据上微调模型。 NLG评估（12个双语翻译任务，30个零射击任务和2项跨语言摘要任务）和NLU评估（7个跨语性自然语言推理任务）的实验表明，我们的模型超过了强大的基线MBART，具有标准的FINETUNNING，这表明了我们的模型策略，一致。分析表明，我们的方法可以缩小跨语性句子表示的欧几里得距离，并通过微不足道的计算成本改善模型概括。我们在：https：//github.com/zanchangtong/csr4mbart上发布代码。

最近在单语数据和机器翻译（MT）进行微调的预培训方面取得了成功，但尚不清楚如何最好地利用预先训练的模型来完成给定的MT任务。本文在微调MT上的预训练模型时研究了冻结参数的好处和缺点。我们专注于1）微调仅在英语单语言数据的BART上训练的模型。2）微调一个模型，该模型对25种语言的单语言数据进行了培训，Mbart。对于Bart，我们通过冻结大多数模型参数并添加额外的位置嵌入来获得最佳性能。对于MBART，我们将大多数语言对的天真微调的性能与编码器以及大多数解码器搭配。编码器的注意参数对于微调最重要。当将自己限制为越南人对英语的室外训练套装时，我们看到了基线的最大进步。

Software engineers working with the same programming language (PL) may speak different natural languages (NLs) and vice versa, erecting huge barriers to communication and working efficiency. Recent studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of generative pre-training in computer programs, yet they are always English-centric. In this work, we step towards bridging the gap between multilingual NLs and multilingual PLs for large language models (LLMs). We release ERNIE-Code, a unified pre-trained language model for 116 NLs and 6 PLs. We employ two methods for universal cross-lingual pre-training: span-corruption language modeling that learns patterns from monolingual NL or PL; and pivot-based translation language modeling that relies on parallel data of many NLs and PLs. Extensive results show that ERNIE-Code outperforms previous multilingual LLMs for PL or NL across a wide range of end tasks of code intelligence, including multilingual code-to-text, text-to-code, code-to-code, and text-to-text generation. We further show its advantage of zero-shot prompting on multilingual code summarization and text-to-text translation. We will make our code and pre-trained models publicly available.

在这项工作中，我们证明了多种语的大规模序列到序列（SEQ2SEQ）模型，该模型是通过Denoising和因果语言建模（CLM）任务的混合物进行训练的，比仅解码器模型更有效地进行了效率的学习者在各种任务上。特别是，我们培训了一个名为Alexa教师模型（Alexatm 20b）的200亿个参数多语言SEQ2SEQ模型，并表明它在1-Shot摘要任务上实现了最先进的（SOTA）性能，超过了更大的540B PALM DOPODER模型。 Alexatm 20b还可以在1-Shot Machine翻译中实现SOTA，尤其是对于低资源语言，几乎所有语言对（阿拉伯语，英语，法语，德语，德语，印地语，意大利语，日语，以及flores-101数据集上的泰卢固语）。我们还显示了零拍设置，AlexATM 20B在SuperGlue和SqueadV2数据集上的表现优于GPT3（175B），并在XNLI，XCOPA，PAWS-X和XWINOGRAD等多语言任务上提供SOTA性能。总体而言，我们的结果为SEQ2SEQ模型提供了一个令人信服的案例，作为大型语言模型（LLM）培训的仅解码器模型的强大替代方法。

在本文中，我们利用了以前的预训练模型（PTM）的优势，并提出了一种新型的中国预训练的不平衡变压器（CPT）。与以前的中国PTM不同，CPT旨在利用自然语言理解（NLU）和自然语言生成（NLG）之间的共同知识来促进表现。 CPT包括三个部分：共享编码器，一个理解解码器和一代解码器。具有共享编码器的两个特定解码器分别通过蒙版语言建模（MLM）进行了预训练，并分别将自动编码（DAE）任务进行了验证。借助部分共享的体系结构和多任务预培训，CPT可以（1）使用两个解码器学习NLU或NLG任务的特定知识，并且（2）对模型的潜力充分利用了微调。此外，不平衡的变压器节省了计算和存储成本，这使CPT竞争激烈，并极大地加速了文本生成的推断。对各种中国NLU和NLG任务的实验结果显示了CPT的有效性。

We present BART, a denoising autoencoder for pretraining sequence-to-sequence models. BART is trained by ( 1) corrupting text with an arbitrary noising function, and (2) learning a model to reconstruct the original text. It uses a standard Tranformer-based neural machine translation architecture which, despite its simplicity, can be seen as generalizing BERT (due to the bidirectional encoder), GPT (with the left-to-right decoder), and many other more recent pretraining schemes. We evaluate a number of noising approaches, finding the best performance by both randomly shuffling the order of the original sentences and using a novel in-filling scheme, where spans of text are replaced with a single mask token. BART is particularly effective when fine tuned for text generation but also works well for comprehension tasks. It matches the performance of RoBERTa with comparable training resources on GLUE and SQuAD, achieves new stateof-the-art results on a range of abstractive dialogue, question answering, and summarization tasks, with gains of up to 6 ROUGE. BART also provides a 1.1 BLEU increase over a back-translation system for machine translation, with only target language pretraining. We also report ablation experiments that replicate other pretraining schemes within the BART framework, to better measure which factors most influence end-task performance.

Despite the current success of multilingual pre-training, most prior works focus on leveraging monolingual data or bilingual parallel data and overlooked the value of trilingual parallel data. This paper presents \textbf{Tri}angular Document-level \textbf{P}re-training (\textbf{TRIP}), which is the first in the field to extend the conventional monolingual and bilingual pre-training to a trilingual setting by (i) \textbf{Grafting} the same documents in two languages into one mixed document, and (ii) predicting the remaining one language as the reference translation. Our experiments on document-level MT and cross-lingual abstractive summarization show that TRIP brings by up to 3.65 d-BLEU points and 6.2 ROUGE-L points on three multilingual document-level machine translation benchmarks and one cross-lingual abstractive summarization benchmark, including multiple strong state-of-the-art (SOTA) scores. In-depth analysis indicates that TRIP improves document-level machine translation and captures better document contexts in at least three characteristics: (i) tense consistency, (ii) noun consistency and (iii) conjunction presence.

我们介绍了MTG，这是一套新的基准套件，用于培训和评估多语言文本生成。它是具有最大人类通知数据（400K）的第一次传播的多语言多路文本生成数据集。它包括五种语言（英语，德语，法语，西班牙语和中文）的四代任务（故事产生，问题生成，标题生成和文本摘要）。Multiway设置可以启用跨语言和任务的模型测试知识传输功能。使用MTG，我们从不同方面训练和分析了几种流行的多语言生成模型。我们的基准套件通过更多的人为宣传的并行数据促进了模型性能增强。它提供了各种一代方案的全面评估。代码和数据可在\ url {https://github.com/zide05/mtg}上获得。

本文提出了一种新的预先接受训练的语言模型Debertav3，它通过用更换的令牌检测（RTD）更换掩模语言建模（MLM）来改善原始的Deberta模型，更高的预训练任务。我们的分析表明，Vanilla嵌入了电力中的共享损害培训效率和模型性能。这是因为鉴别器的培训损失和发电机的销售损失在不同的方向上拉动令牌嵌入，从而创造“拔河”动态。因此，我们提出了一种新的梯度 - 解开嵌入共享方法，避免了战争动态，提高了训练效率和预训练模型的质量。我们使用与Deberta相同的设置预先接受了培训的Debertav3，以展示其在广泛的下游自然语言理解（NLU）任务上的特殊表现。以八个任务为例，Debertav3大型模型以八个任务为例，平均得分为91.37％，杜伯塔省的1.37％和电力1.91％，在模型中设置新的最先进（SOTA）具有类似的结构。此外，我们预先培训了多语思伯类Mdeberta，与英语模型相比，对强基线的更大改善。例如，Mdeberta基地达到XNLI的79.8％零射频精度和超过XLM-R基础的3.6％的改进，在此基准上创建了一个新的Sota。我们在HTTPS://github.com/microsoft/deberta公开提供我们预先接受的模型和推理码。

多语言语言模型（\ mllms），如mbert，xlm，xlm-r，\ textit {etc。}已成为一种可行的选择，使预先估计到大量语言的力量。鉴于他们的成功在零射击转移学习中，在（i）建立更大的\ mllms〜覆盖了大量语言（ii）创建覆盖更广泛的任务和语言来评估的详尽工作基准mllms〜（iii）分析单音零点，零拍摄交叉和双语任务（iv）对Monolingual的性能，了解\ mllms〜（v）增强（通常）学习的通用语言模式（如果有的话）有限的容量\ mllms〜以提高他们在已见甚至看不见语言的表现。在这项调查中，我们审查了现有的文学，涵盖了上述与\ MLLMS有关的广泛研究领域。根据我们的调查，我们建议您有一些未来的研究方向。

通过多种语言对培训的多语言神经机器翻译（MNMT），由于模型参数的较少和较低的培训成本，通过在多种语言之间共享知识，引起了人们的关注。尽管如此，由于不同翻译方向之间的负面干扰，尤其是在高资源语言上，因此，多语言培训在共享参数中受到语言干扰退化的困扰。在本文中，我们提出了具有高资源语言特定培训（HLT-MT）的多语言翻译模型，以减轻负面干扰，该干扰采用了具有特定于语言的选择机制的两阶段培训。具体而言，我们首先仅使用高资源对训练多语言模型，然后选择解码器顶部的语言特定模块，以增强高资源方向的翻译质量。接下来，对所有可用语料库进行进一步培训，将知识从高资源语言（HRLS）转移到低资源语言（LRLS）。实验结果表明，HLT-MT在WMT-10和Opus-100基准测试上的表现优于各种强基础。此外，分析实验验证了我们方法在减轻多语言训练中负面干扰方面的有效性。

我们提出了一种两阶段的培训方法，用于开发单个NMT模型，以翻译英语和英语的看不见的语言。对于第一阶段，我们将编码器模型初始化以鉴定XLM-R和Roberta的权重，然后对25种语言的平行数据进行多种语言微调。我们发现该模型可以推广到对看不见的语言的零击翻译。在第二阶段，我们利用这种概括能力从单语数据集生成合成的并行数据，然后用连续的反向翻译训练。最终模型扩展到了英语到许多方向，同时保持了多到英语的性能。我们称我们的方法为ecxtra（以英语为中心的跨语言（x）转移）。我们的方法依次利用辅助并行数据和单语言数据，并且在概念上很简单，仅在两个阶段都使用标准的跨熵目标。最终的ECXTRA模型对8种低资源语言的无监督NMT进行了评估，该语言为英语至哈萨克语（22.3> 10.4 bleu）以及其他15个翻译方向的竞争性能而获得了新的最先进。

Multimodal Machine Translation (MMT) focuses on enhancing text-only translation with visual features, which has attracted considerable attention from both natural language processing and computer vision communities. Recent advances still struggle to train a separate model for each language pair, which is costly and unaffordable when the number of languages increases in the real world. In other words, the multilingual multimodal machine translation (Multilingual MMT) task has not been investigated, which aims to handle the aforementioned issues by providing a shared semantic space for multiple languages. Besides, the image modality has no language boundaries, which is superior to bridging the semantic gap between languages. To this end, we first propose the Multilingual MMT task by establishing two new Multilingual MMT benchmark datasets covering seven languages. Then, an effective baseline LVP-M3 using visual prompts is proposed to support translations between different languages, which includes three stages (token encoding, language-aware visual prompt generation, and language translation). Extensive experimental results on our constructed benchmark datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of LVP-M3 method for Multilingual MMT.

Universal cross-lingual sentence embeddings map semantically similar cross-lingual sentences into a shared embedding space. Aligning cross-lingual sentence embeddings usually requires supervised cross-lingual parallel sentences. In this work, we propose mSimCSE, which extends SimCSE to multilingual settings and reveal that contrastive learning on English data can surprisingly learn high-quality universal cross-lingual sentence embeddings without any parallel data. In unsupervised and weakly supervised settings, mSimCSE significantly improves previous sentence embedding methods on cross-lingual retrieval and multilingual STS tasks. The performance of unsupervised mSimCSE is comparable to fully supervised methods in retrieving low-resource languages and multilingual STS. The performance can be further enhanced when cross-lingual NLI data is available. Our code is publicly available at https://github.com/yaushian/mSimCSE.

We present Mu$^{2}$SLAM, a multilingual sequence-to-sequence model pre-trained jointly on unlabeled speech, unlabeled text and supervised data spanning Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR), Automatic Speech Translation (AST) and Machine Translation (MT), in over 100 languages. By leveraging a quantized representation of speech as a target, Mu$^{2}$SLAM trains the speech-text models with a sequence-to-sequence masked denoising objective similar to T5 on the decoder and a masked language modeling (MLM) objective on the encoder, for both unlabeled speech and text, while utilizing the supervised tasks to improve cross-lingual and cross-modal representation alignment within the model. On CoVoST AST, Mu$^{2}$SLAM establishes a new state-of-the-art for models trained on public datasets, improving on xx-en translation over the previous best by 1.9 BLEU points and on en-xx translation by 1.1 BLEU points. On Voxpopuli ASR, our model matches the performance of an mSLAM model fine-tuned with an RNN-T decoder, despite using a relatively weaker sequence-to-sequence architecture. On text understanding tasks, our model improves by more than 6\% over mSLAM on XNLI, getting closer to the performance of mT5 models of comparable capacity on XNLI and TydiQA, paving the way towards a single model for all speech and text understanding tasks.