从多任务学习到稀疏的加性建模到分层选择,尊重群体结构的稀疏回归和分类估计器将其应用于各种统计和机器学习问题。这项工作引入了结构化稀疏估计器,将小组子集选择与收缩结合在一起。为了适应复杂的结构,我们的估计器允许组之间任意重叠。我们开发了一个优化框架,用于拟合非凸正则化表面并呈现有限样本误差界,以估计回归函数。作为一个需要结构的应用程序,我们研究了稀疏的半参数建模,该过程允许每个预测器的效果为零,线性或非线性。对于此任务,与替代方案相比,新的估计器对合成数据的几个指标有所改善。最后,我们证明了它们在使用许多预测因素的超市人流交通和经济衰退中建模的功效。这些演示表明,使用新估计量拟合的稀疏半参数模型是完全线性和完全非参数替代方案之间的出色折衷。我们所有的算法都可以在可扩展的实现GRPSEL中提供。
translated by 谷歌翻译
在稀疏线性建模 - 最佳子集选择中,研究了一个看似意外的,相对不太理解的基本工具的过度选择,这最小化了对非零系数的约束的限制的剩余平方和。虽然当信噪比(SNR)高时,最佳子集选择过程通常被视为稀疏学习中的“黄金标准”,但是当SNR低时,其预测性能会恶化。特别是,它通过连续收缩方法而言,例如脊回归和套索。我们研究了高噪声制度中最佳子集选择的行为,并提出了一种基于最小二乘标准的正则化版本的替代方法。我们提出的估算员(a)在很大程度上减轻了高噪声制度的最佳次集选择的可预测性能差。 (b)相对于通过脊回归和套索的最佳预测模型,通常递送大幅稀疏模型的同时表现出有利的。我们对所提出的方法的预测性质进行广泛的理论分析,并在噪声水平高时提供相对于最佳子集选择的优越预测性能的理由。我们的估算器可以表达为混合整数二阶圆锥优化问题的解决方案,因此,来自数学优化的现代计算工具可供使用。
translated by 谷歌翻译
组选择的最佳子集(BSG)是选择一小部分非重叠组以在响应变量上获得最佳解释性的过程。它吸引了越来越多的关注,并且在实践中具有深远的应用。但是,由于BSG在高维环境中的计算棘手性,开发用于解决BSGS的有效算法仍然是研究热点。在本文中,我们提出了一种划分的算法,该算法迭代地检测相关组并排除了无关的组。此外,再加上新的组信息标准,我们开发了一种自适应算法来确定最佳模型大小。在轻度条件下,我们的算法可以在多项式时间内以高概率确定组的最佳子集是可以证明的。最后,我们通过将它们与合成数据集和现实世界中的几种最新算法进行比较来证明我们的方法的效率和准确性。
translated by 谷歌翻译
现代技术正在生成越来越多的数据。利用这些数据需要既有统计学上的声音又有效率的方法。通常,统计和计算方面会分别处理。在本文中,我们提出了一种在正规化估计的背景下纠缠这两个方面的方法。将我们的方法应用于稀疏和小组的回归,我们表明它可以在统计和计算上对标准管道进行改进。
translated by 谷歌翻译
Sparse reduced rank regression is an essential statistical learning method. In the contemporary literature, estimation is typically formulated as a nonconvex optimization that often yields to a local optimum in numerical computation. Yet, their theoretical analysis is always centered on the global optimum, resulting in a discrepancy between the statistical guarantee and the numerical computation. In this research, we offer a new algorithm to address the problem and establish an almost optimal rate for the algorithmic solution. We also demonstrate that the algorithm achieves the estimation with a polynomial number of iterations. In addition, we present a generalized information criterion to simultaneously ensure the consistency of support set recovery and rank estimation. Under the proposed criterion, we show that our algorithm can achieve the oracle reduced rank estimation with a significant probability. The numerical studies and an application in the ovarian cancer genetic data demonstrate the effectiveness and scalability of our approach.
translated by 谷歌翻译
我们提出了一种估计具有标称分类数据的高维线性模型的方法。我们的估算器,称为范围,通过使其相应的系数完全相等来融合水平。这是通过对分类变量的系数的阶数统计之间的差异之间的差异来实现这一点,从而聚类系数。我们提供了一种算法,用于精确和有效地计算在具有潜在许多级别的单个变量的情况下的总体上的最小值的全局最小值,并且在多变量情况下在块坐标血管下降过程中使用它。我们表明,利用未知级别融合的Oracle最小二乘解决方案是具有高概率的坐标血缘的极限点,只要真正的级别具有一定的最小分离;已知这些条件在单变量案例中最小。我们展示了在一系列实际和模拟数据集中的范围的有利性能。 R包的R包Catreg实现线性模型的范围,也可以在CRAN上提供逻辑回归的版本。
translated by 谷歌翻译
High-dimensional data can often display heterogeneity due to heteroscedastic variance or inhomogeneous covariate effects. Penalized quantile and expectile regression methods offer useful tools to detect heteroscedasticity in high-dimensional data. The former is computationally challenging due to the non-smooth nature of the check loss, and the latter is sensitive to heavy-tailed error distributions. In this paper, we propose and study (penalized) robust expectile regression (retire), with a focus on iteratively reweighted $\ell_1$-penalization which reduces the estimation bias from $\ell_1$-penalization and leads to oracle properties. Theoretically, we establish the statistical properties of the retire estimator under two regimes: (i) low-dimensional regime in which $d \ll n$; (ii) high-dimensional regime in which $s\ll n\ll d$ with $s$ denoting the number of significant predictors. In the high-dimensional setting, we carefully characterize the solution path of the iteratively reweighted $\ell_1$-penalized retire estimation, adapted from the local linear approximation algorithm for folded-concave regularization. Under a mild minimum signal strength condition, we show that after as many as $\log(\log d)$ iterations the final iterate enjoys the oracle convergence rate. At each iteration, the weighted $\ell_1$-penalized convex program can be efficiently solved by a semismooth Newton coordinate descent algorithm. Numerical studies demonstrate the competitive performance of the proposed procedure compared with either non-robust or quantile regression based alternatives.
translated by 谷歌翻译
异常值广泛发生在大数据应用中,可能严重影响统计估计和推理。在本文中,引入了抗强估计的框架,以强制任意给出的损耗函数。它与修剪方法密切连接,并且包括所有样本的显式外围参数,这反过来促进计算,理论和参数调整。为了解决非凸起和非体性的问题,我们开发可扩展的算法,以实现轻松和保证快速收敛。特别地,提出了一种新的技术来缓解对起始点的要求,使得在常规数据集上,可以大大减少数据重采样的数量。基于组合的统计和计算处理,我们能够超越M估计来执行非因思分析。所获得的抗性估算器虽然不一定全局甚至是局部最佳的,但在低维度和高维度中享有最小的速率最优性。回归,分类和神经网络的实验表明,在总异常值发生的情况下提出了拟议方法的优异性能。
translated by 谷歌翻译
本文为信号去噪提供了一般交叉验证框架。然后将一般框架应用于非参数回归方法,例如趋势过滤和二元推车。然后显示所得到的交叉验证版本以获得最佳调谐的类似物所熟知的几乎相同的收敛速度。没有任何先前的趋势过滤或二元推车的理论分析。为了说明框架的一般性,我们还提出并研究了两个基本估算器的交叉验证版本;套索用于高维线性回归和矩阵估计的奇异值阈值阈值。我们的一般框架是由Chatterjee和Jafarov(2015)的想法的启发,并且可能适用于使用调整参数的广泛估算方法。
translated by 谷歌翻译
套索是一种高维回归的方法,当时,当协变量$ p $的订单数量或大于观测值$ n $时,通常使用它。由于两个基本原因,经典的渐近态性理论不适用于该模型:$(1)$正规风险是非平滑的; $(2)$估算器$ \ wideHat {\ boldsymbol {\ theta}} $与true参数vector $ \ boldsymbol {\ theta}^*$无法忽略。结果,标准的扰动论点是渐近正态性的传统基础。另一方面,套索估计器可以精确地以$ n $和$ p $大,$ n/p $的订单为一。这种表征首先是在使用I.I.D的高斯设计的情况下获得的。协变量:在这里,我们将其推广到具有非偏差协方差结构的高斯相关设计。这是根据更简单的``固定设计''模型表示的。我们在两个模型中各种数量的分布之间的距离上建立了非反应界限,它们在合适的稀疏类别中均匀地固定在信号上$ \ boldsymbol {\ theta}^*$。作为应用程序,我们研究了借助拉索的分布,并表明需要校正程度对于计算有效的置信区间是必要的。
translated by 谷歌翻译
现代统计应用常常涉及最小化可能是非流动和/或非凸起的目标函数。本文侧重于广泛的Bregman-替代算法框架,包括本地线性近似,镜像下降,迭代阈值,DC编程以及许多其他实例。通过广义BREGMAN功能的重新发出使我们能够构建合适的误差测量并在可能高维度下建立非凸起和非凸起和非球形目标的全球收敛速率。对于稀疏的学习问题,在一些规律性条件下,所获得的估算器作为代理人的固定点,尽管不一定是局部最小化者,但享受可明确的统计保障,并且可以证明迭代顺序在所需的情况下接近统计事实准确地快速。本文还研究了如何通过仔细控制步骤和放松参数来设计基于适应性的动力的加速度而不假设凸性或平滑度。
translated by 谷歌翻译
在本文中,我们利用过度参数化来设计高维单索索引模型的无规矩算法,并为诱导的隐式正则化现象提供理论保证。具体而言,我们研究了链路功能是非线性且未知的矢量和矩阵单索引模型,信号参数是稀疏向量或低秩对称矩阵,并且响应变量可以是重尾的。为了更好地理解隐含正规化的角色而没有过度的技术性,我们假设协变量的分布是先验的。对于载体和矩阵设置,我们通过采用分数函数变换和专为重尾数据的强大截断步骤来构造过度参数化最小二乘损耗功能。我们建议通过将无规则化的梯度下降应用于损耗函数来估计真实参数。当初始化接近原点并且步骤中足够小时,我们证明了所获得的解决方案在载体和矩阵案件中实现了最小的收敛统计速率。此外,我们的实验结果支持我们的理论调查结果,并表明我们的方法在$ \ ell_2 $ -staticatisticated率和变量选择一致性方面具有明确的正则化的经验卓越。
translated by 谷歌翻译
In a high dimensional linear predictive regression where the number of potential predictors can be larger than the sample size, we consider using LASSO, a popular L1-penalized regression method, to estimate the sparse coefficients when many unit root regressors are present. Consistency of LASSO relies on two building blocks: the deviation bound of the cross product of the regressors and the error term, and the restricted eigenvalue of the Gram matrix of the regressors. In our setting where unit root regressors are driven by temporal dependent non-Gaussian innovations, we establish original probabilistic bounds for these two building blocks. The bounds imply that the rates of convergence of LASSO are different from those in the familiar cross sectional case. In practical applications given a mixture of stationary and nonstationary predictors, asymptotic guarantee of LASSO is preserved if all predictors are scale-standardized. In an empirical example of forecasting the unemployment rate with many macroeconomic time series, strong performance is delivered by LASSO when the initial specification is guided by macroeconomic domain expertise.
translated by 谷歌翻译
We extend best-subset selection to linear Multi-Task Learning (MTL), where a set of linear models are jointly trained on a collection of datasets (``tasks''). Allowing the regression coefficients of tasks to have different sparsity patterns (i.e., different supports), we propose a modeling framework for MTL that encourages models to share information across tasks, for a given covariate, through separately 1) shrinking the coefficient supports together, and/or 2) shrinking the coefficient values together. This allows models to borrow strength during variable selection even when the coefficient values differ markedly between tasks. We express our modeling framework as a Mixed-Integer Program, and propose efficient and scalable algorithms based on block coordinate descent and combinatorial local search. We show our estimator achieves statistically optimal prediction rates. Importantly, our theory characterizes how our estimator leverages the shared support information across tasks to achieve better variable selection performance. We evaluate the performance of our method in simulations and two biology applications. Our proposed approaches outperform other sparse MTL methods in variable selection and prediction accuracy. Interestingly, penalties that shrink the supports together often outperform penalties that shrink the coefficient values together. We will release an R package implementing our methods.
translated by 谷歌翻译
This paper provides estimation and inference methods for a conditional average treatment effects (CATE) characterized by a high-dimensional parameter in both homogeneous cross-sectional and unit-heterogeneous dynamic panel data settings. In our leading example, we model CATE by interacting the base treatment variable with explanatory variables. The first step of our procedure is orthogonalization, where we partial out the controls and unit effects from the outcome and the base treatment and take the cross-fitted residuals. This step uses a novel generic cross-fitting method we design for weakly dependent time series and panel data. This method "leaves out the neighbors" when fitting nuisance components, and we theoretically power it by using Strassen's coupling. As a result, we can rely on any modern machine learning method in the first step, provided it learns the residuals well enough. Second, we construct an orthogonal (or residual) learner of CATE -- the Lasso CATE -- that regresses the outcome residual on the vector of interactions of the residualized treatment with explanatory variables. If the complexity of CATE function is simpler than that of the first-stage regression, the orthogonal learner converges faster than the single-stage regression-based learner. Third, we perform simultaneous inference on parameters of the CATE function using debiasing. We also can use ordinary least squares in the last two steps when CATE is low-dimensional. In heterogeneous panel data settings, we model the unobserved unit heterogeneity as a weakly sparse deviation from Mundlak (1978)'s model of correlated unit effects as a linear function of time-invariant covariates and make use of L1-penalization to estimate these models. We demonstrate our methods by estimating price elasticities of groceries based on scanner data. We note that our results are new even for the cross-sectional (i.i.d) case.
translated by 谷歌翻译
Sparse modelling or model selection with categorical data is challenging even for a moderate number of variables, because one parameter is roughly needed to encode one category or level. The Group Lasso is a well known efficient algorithm for selection continuous or categorical variables, but all estimates related to a selected factor usually differ. Therefore, a fitted model may not be sparse, which makes the model interpretation difficult. To obtain a sparse solution of the Group Lasso we propose the following two-step procedure: first, we reduce data dimensionality using the Group Lasso; then to choose the final model we use an information criterion on a small family of models prepared by clustering levels of individual factors. We investigate selection correctness of the algorithm in a sparse high-dimensional scenario. We also test our method on synthetic as well as real datasets and show that it performs better than the state of the art algorithms with respect to the prediction accuracy or model dimension.
translated by 谷歌翻译
我们在高维批处理设置中提出了统计上健壮和计算高效的线性学习方法,其中功能$ d $的数量可能超过样本量$ n $。在通用学习环境中,我们采用两种算法,具体取决于所考虑的损失函数是否为梯度lipschitz。然后,我们将我们的框架实例化,包括几种应用程序,包括香草稀疏,群 - 帕克斯和低升级矩阵恢复。对于每种应用,这导致了有效而强大的学习算法,这些算法在重尾分布和异常值的存在下达到了近乎最佳的估计率。对于香草$ S $ -SPARSITY,我们能够以重型尾巴和$ \ eta $ - 腐败的计算成本与非企业类似物相当的计算成本达到$ s \ log(d)/n $速率。我们通过开放源代码$ \ mathtt {python} $库提供了有效的算法实现文献中提出的最新方法。
translated by 谷歌翻译
我们研究了称为“乐观速率”(Panchenko 2002; Srebro等,2010)的统一收敛概念,用于与高斯数据的线性回归。我们的精致分析避免了现有结果中的隐藏常量和对数因子,这已知在高维设置中至关重要,特别是用于了解插值学习。作为一个特殊情况,我们的分析恢复了Koehler等人的保证。(2021年),在良性过度的过度条件下,严格地表征了低规范内插器的人口风险。但是,我们的乐观速度绑定还分析了具有任意训练错误的预测因子。这使我们能够在随机设计下恢复脊和套索回归的一些经典统计保障,并有助于我们在过度参数化制度中获得精确了解近端器的过度风险。
translated by 谷歌翻译
我们研究稀疏的线性回归在一个代理网络上,建模为无向图(没有集中式节点)。估计问题被制定为当地套索损失函数的最小化,加上共识约束的二次惩罚 - 后者是获取分布式解决方案方法的工具。虽然在优化文献中广泛研究了基于惩罚的共识方法,但其高维设置中的统计和计算保证仍不清楚。这项工作提供了对此公开问题的答案。我们的贡献是两倍。 First, we establish statistical consistency of the estimator: under a suitable choice of the penalty parameter, the optimal solution of the penalized problem achieves near optimal minimax rate $\mathcal{O}(s \log d/N)$ in $\ell_2 $ -loss,$ s $是稀疏性值,$ d $是环境维度,$ n $是网络中的总示例大小 - 这与集中式采样率相匹配。其次,我们表明,应用于惩罚问题的近端梯度算法,它自然导致分布式实现,线性地收敛到集中统计误差的顺序的公差 - 速率比例为$ \ mathcal {o}( d)$,揭示不可避免的速度准确性困境。数值结果证明了衍生的采样率和收敛速率缩放的紧张性。
translated by 谷歌翻译
Nesterov的加速梯度(AG)是一种流行的技术,优化包括两个组件的客观函数:凸损耗和惩罚功能。虽然AG方法对于凸面的惩罚表现良好,例如套索,但是当它适用于非核心惩罚时可能会出现收敛问题,例如苏尔州。最近的提议将Nesterov的AG方法推广到非渗透环境,但从未应用于稀疏统计学习问题。在运行所提出的算法之前,有几种超级参数。但是,目前没有明确的规则应该如何选择超参数。在本文中,我们考虑将该非核解AG算法应用于高维线性和逻辑稀疏学习问题,并根据复杂性上限提出超级参数设置以加速收敛。我们进一步建立了收敛速度,并为阻尼序列提出了一种简单且有用的限制。模拟研究表明,可以平均地进行收敛,比传统的ISTA算法的速度快得多。我们的实验还表明,在信号恢复方面,该方法通常优于当前最先进的方法。
translated by 谷歌翻译