在真实世界的环境中，可以通过对象检测器连续遇到来自新类的对象实例。当现有的对象探测器应用于这种情况时，它们在旧课程上的性能显着恶化。据报道，一些努力解决了这个限制，所有这些限制适用于知识蒸馏的变体，以避免灾难性的遗忘。我们注意到虽然蒸馏有助于保留以前的学习，但它阻碍了对新任务的快速适应性，这是增量学习的关键要求。在这种追求中，我们提出了一种学习方法，可以学习重塑模型梯度，使得跨增量任务的信息是最佳的共享。这可通过META学习梯度预处理来确保无缝信息传输，可最大限度地减少遗忘并最大化知识传输。与现有的元学习方法相比，我们的方法是任务不可知，允许将新类的增量添加到对象检测的高容量模型中。我们在Pascal-VOC和MS Coco Datasets上定义的各种增量学习设置中评估了我们的方法，我们的方法对最先进的方法进行了好评。

几次射击对象检测的大多数现有方法都遵循微调范式，该范式可能假设可以通过众多样本的基本类别学习并将其隐式转移到具有限量样本的新颖类中，从而将类别的概括性知识隐含地转移到有限的类别中。舞台培训策略。但是，这不一定是正确的，因为对象检测器几乎无法在没有明确的建模的情况下自动区分类别不合时宜的知识和特定于类的知识。在这项工作中，我们建议在基础和新颖类之间学习三种类型的类不足的共同点：与识别相关的语义共同点，与定位相关的语义共同点和分布共同点。我们基于内存库设计了一个统一的蒸馏框架，该框架能够共同有效地进行所有三种类型的共同点。广泛的实验表明，我们的方法可以很容易地集成到大多数现有的基于微调的方法中，并始终如一地通过大幅度提高性能。

传统的检测网络通常需要丰富的标记训练样本，而人类可以只有几个例子逐步学习新概念。本文侧重于更具挑战性，而是逼真的类渐进的少量对象检测问题（IFSD）。它旨在逐渐逐渐地将新型对象的模型转移到几个注释的样本中，而不会灾难性地忘记先前学识的样本。为了解决这个问题，我们提出了一种新的方法，最小的方法可以减少遗忘，更少的培训资源和更强的转移能力。具体而言，我们首先介绍转移策略，以减少不必要的重量适应并改善IFSD的传输能力。在此基础上，我们使用较少的资源消耗方法整合知识蒸馏技术来缓解遗忘，并提出基于新的基于聚类的示例选择过程，以保持先前学习的更多辨别特征。作为通用且有效的方法，最多可以在很大程度上提高各种基准测试的IFSD性能。

Few-shot object detection (FSOD), which aims at learning a generic detector that can adapt to unseen tasks with scarce training samples, has witnessed consistent improvement recently. However, most existing methods ignore the efficiency issues, e.g., high computational complexity and slow adaptation speed. Notably, efficiency has become an increasingly important evaluation metric for few-shot techniques due to an emerging trend toward embedded AI. To this end, we present an efficient pretrain-transfer framework (PTF) baseline with no computational increment, which achieves comparable results with previous state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods. Upon this baseline, we devise an initializer named knowledge inheritance (KI) to reliably initialize the novel weights for the box classifier, which effectively facilitates the knowledge transfer process and boosts the adaptation speed. Within the KI initializer, we propose an adaptive length re-scaling (ALR) strategy to alleviate the vector length inconsistency between the predicted novel weights and the pretrained base weights. Finally, our approach not only achieves the SOTA results across three public benchmarks, i.e., PASCAL VOC, COCO and LVIS, but also exhibits high efficiency with 1.8-100x faster adaptation speed against the other methods on COCO/LVIS benchmark during few-shot transfer. To our best knowledge, this is the first work to consider the efficiency problem in FSOD. We hope to motivate a trend toward powerful yet efficient few-shot technique development. The codes are publicly available at https://github.com/Ze-Yang/Efficient-FSOD.

基于深度学习的方法在3D对象检测任务中显示出显着性能。然而，当在逐步学习新类时，它们遭受了最初训练的课程的灾难性表现下降，而无需重新审视旧数据。这种“灾难性忘记”现象阻碍了现实世界场景中的3D对象检测方法的部署，其中需要连续学习系统。在本文中，我们研究了未开发的但重要的类增量3D对象检测问题，并提出了第一种解决方案 - SDCOT，一种新型静态动态共同教学方法。我们的SDCOT通过静态教师减轻了灾难性的旧课程，这为新样本中的旧课程提供了伪注释，并通过用蒸馏损失提取先前的知识来规范电流模型。与此同时，SDCOT一致地通过动态教师从新数据中了解基础知识。我们对两个基准数据集进行了广泛的实验，并在几个增量学习场景中展示了我们SDCOT对基线方法的卓越性能。

Open world object detection aims at detecting objects that are absent in the object classes of the training data as unknown objects without explicit supervision. Furthermore, the exact classes of the unknown objects must be identified without catastrophic forgetting of the previous known classes when the corresponding annotations of unknown objects are given incrementally. In this paper, we propose a two-stage training approach named Open World DETR for open world object detection based on Deformable DETR. In the first stage, we pre-train a model on the current annotated data to detect objects from the current known classes, and concurrently train an additional binary classifier to classify predictions into foreground or background classes. This helps the model to build an unbiased feature representations that can facilitate the detection of unknown classes in subsequent process. In the second stage, we fine-tune the class-specific components of the model with a multi-view self-labeling strategy and a consistency constraint. Furthermore, we alleviate catastrophic forgetting when the annotations of the unknown classes becomes available incrementally by using knowledge distillation and exemplar replay. Experimental results on PASCAL VOC and MS-COCO show that our proposed method outperforms other state-of-the-art open world object detection methods by a large margin.

Conventional training of a deep CNN based object detector demands a large number of bounding box annotations, which may be unavailable for rare categories. In this work we develop a few-shot object detector that can learn to detect novel objects from only a few annotated examples. Our proposed model leverages fully labeled base classes and quickly adapts to novel classes, using a meta feature learner and a reweighting module within a one-stage detection architecture. The feature learner extracts meta features that are generalizable to detect novel object classes, using training data from base classes with sufficient samples. The reweighting module transforms a few support examples from the novel classes to a global vector that indicates the importance or relevance of meta features for detecting the corresponding objects. These two modules, together with a detection prediction module, are trained end-to-end based on an episodic few-shot learning scheme and a carefully designed loss function. Through extensive experiments we demonstrate that our model outperforms well-established baselines by a large margin for few-shot object detection, on multiple datasets and settings. We also present analysis on various aspects of our proposed model, aiming to provide some inspiration for future few-shot detection works.

研究表明，当训练数据缺少注释时，对象检测器的性能下降，即稀疏注释数据。当代方法专注于缺少地面实话注释的代理，无论是伪标签的形式还是通过在训练期间重新称重梯度。在这项工作中，我们重新审视了稀疏注释物体检测的制定。我们观察到稀疏注释的物体检测可以被认为是区域级的半监督对象检测问题。在此洞察力上，我们提出了一种基于区域的半监督算法，它自动识别包含未标记的前景对象的区域。我们的算法然后以不同的方式处理标记和未标记的前景区域，在半监督方法中进行常见做法。为了评估所提出的方法的有效性，我们对普斯卡尔库尔和可可数据集的稀疏注释方法常用的五种分裂进行详尽的实验，并实现最先进的性能。除此之外，我们还表明，我们的方法在标准半监督设置上实现了竞争性能，证明了我们的方法的实力和广泛适用性。

即使在几个例子中，人类能够学会识别新物品。相比之下，培训基于深度学习的对象探测器需要大量的注释数据。为避免需求获取和注释这些大量数据，但很少拍摄的对象检测旨在从目标域中的新类别的少数对象实例中学习。在本调查中，我们在几次拍摄对象检测中概述了本领域的状态。我们根据培训方案和建筑布局分类方法。对于每种类型的方法，我们描述了一般的实现以及提高新型类别性能的概念。在适当的情况下，我们在这些概念上给出短暂的外卖，以突出最好的想法。最终，我们介绍了常用的数据集及其评估协议，并分析了报告的基准结果。因此，我们强调了评估中的共同挑战，并确定了这种新兴对象检测领域中最有前景的电流趋势。

标记数据通常昂贵且耗时，特别是对于诸如对象检测和实例分割之类的任务，这需要对图像的密集标签进行密集的标签。虽然几张拍摄对象检测是关于培训小说中的模型（看不见的）对象类具有很少的数据，但它仍然需要在许多标记的基础（见）类的课程上进行训练。另一方面，自我监督的方法旨在从未标记数据学习的学习表示，该数据转移到诸如物体检测的下游任务。结合几次射击和自我监督的物体检测是一个有前途的研究方向。在本调查中，我们审查并表征了几次射击和自我监督对象检测的最新方法。然后，我们给我们的主要外卖，并讨论未来的研究方向。https://gabrielhuang.github.io/fsod-survey/的项目页面

半弱监督和监督的学习最近在对象检测文献中引起了很大的关注，因为它们可以减轻成功训练深度学习模型所需的注释成本。半监督学习的最先进方法依赖于使用多阶段过程训练的学生老师模型，并大量数据增强。为弱监督的设置开发了自定义网络，因此很难适应不同的检测器。在本文中，引入了一种弱半监督的训练方法，以减少这些训练挑战，但通过仅利用一小部分全标记的图像，并在弱标记图像中提供信息来实现最先进的性能。特别是，我们基于通用抽样的学习策略以在线方式产生伪基真实（GT）边界框注释，消除了对多阶段培训的需求和学生教师网络配置。这些伪GT框是根据通过得分传播过程累积的对象建议的分类得分从弱标记的图像中采样的。 PASCAL VOC数据集的经验结果表明，使用VOC 2007作为完全标记的拟议方法可提高性能5.0％，而VOC 2012作为弱标记数据。同样，有了5-10％的完全注释的图像，我们观察到MAP中的10％以上的改善，表明对图像级注释的适度投资可以大大改善检测性能。

弱监督对象检测（WSOD）旨在仅训练需要图像级注释的对象检测器。最近，一些作品设法选择了从训练有素的WSOD网络生成的准确框，以监督半监督的检测框架以提高性能。但是，这些方法只需根据图像级标准将设置的训练分为标记和未标记的集合，从而选择了足够的错误标记或错误的局部盒子预测作为伪基真正的真实性，从而产生了次优的检测性能解决方案。为了克服这个问题，我们提出了一个新颖的WSOD框架，其新范式从弱监督到嘈杂的监督（W2N）。通常，通过训练有素的WSOD网络产生的给定的伪基真实性，我们提出了一种两模块迭代训练算法来完善伪标签并逐步监督更好的对象探测器。在定位适应模块中，我们提出正规化损失，以减少原始伪基真实性中判别零件的比例，从而获得更好的伪基真实性，以进行进一步的训练。在半监督的模块中，我们提出了两个任务实例级拆分方法，以选择用于训练半监督检测器的高质量标签。不同基准测试的实验结果验证了W2N的有效性，我们的W2N优于所有现有的纯WSOD方法和转移学习方法。我们的代码可在https://github.com/1170300714/w2n_wsod上公开获得。

Despite significant accuracy improvement in convolutional neural networks (CNN) based object detectors, they often require prohibitive runtimes to process an image for real-time applications. State-of-the-art models often use very deep networks with a large number of floating point operations. Efforts such as model compression learn compact models with fewer number of parameters, but with much reduced accuracy. In this work, we propose a new framework to learn compact and fast object detection networks with improved accuracy using knowledge distillation [20] and hint learning [34]. Although knowledge distillation has demonstrated excellent improvements for simpler classification setups, the complexity of detection poses new challenges in the form of regression, region proposals and less voluminous labels. We address this through several innovations such as a weighted cross-entropy loss to address class imbalance, a teacher bounded loss to handle the regression component and adaptation layers to better learn from intermediate teacher distributions. We conduct comprehensive empirical evaluation with different distillation configurations over multiple datasets including PASCAL, KITTI, ILSVRC and MS-COCO. Our results show consistent improvement in accuracy-speed trade-offs for modern multi-class detection models.

本文的目的是几次拍摄对象检测（FSOD） - 仅为新类别扩展对象探测器的任务仅给出了一些培训实例。我们介绍了一种简单的伪标签方法来源从训练集提供高质量的伪注释，因为每个新类别，大大增加培训实例的数量和减少类别的不平衡;我们的方法找到了先前未标记的实例。 NA \“IVELY培训使用模型预测产生了次优性能;我们提出了两种提高伪标签过程的精度的新方法：首先，我们引入了一种验证技术，以删除候选人检测，不正确的类标签;第二，我们训练一个专门的模型，可以纠正差的质量边界箱。在这两种新颖步骤之后，我们获得了一大集的高质量伪注释，允许我们的最终探测器培训结束到底。另外，我们展示了我们的方法维护基础类性能，以及FSOD中简单增强的实用性。在Pascal VOC和MS-Coco基准测试的同时，我们的方法与所有射击镜头的现有方法相比，实现了最先进的或第二个最佳性能。

Open World Object Detection (OWOD) is a new and challenging computer vision task that bridges the gap between classic object detection (OD) benchmarks and object detection in the real world. In addition to detecting and classifying seen/labeled objects, OWOD algorithms are expected to detect novel/unknown objects - which can be classified and incrementally learned. In standard OD, object proposals not overlapping with a labeled object are automatically classified as background. Therefore, simply applying OD methods to OWOD fails as unknown objects would be predicted as background. The challenge of detecting unknown objects stems from the lack of supervision in distinguishing unknown objects and background object proposals. Previous OWOD methods have attempted to overcome this issue by generating supervision using pseudo-labeling - however, unknown object detection has remained low. Probabilistic/generative models may provide a solution for this challenge. Herein, we introduce a novel probabilistic framework for objectness estimation, where we alternate between probability distribution estimation and objectness likelihood maximization of known objects in the embedded feature space - ultimately allowing us to estimate the objectness probability of different proposals. The resulting Probabilistic Objectness transformer-based open-world detector, PROB, integrates our framework into traditional object detection models, adapting them for the open-world setting. Comprehensive experiments on OWOD benchmarks show that PROB outperforms all existing OWOD methods in both unknown object detection ($\sim 2\times$ unknown recall) and known object detection ($\sim 10\%$ mAP). Our code will be made available upon publication at https://github.com/orrzohar/PROB.

The field of object detection has made significant advances riding on the wave of region-based ConvNets, but their training procedure still includes many heuristics and hyperparameters that are costly to tune. We present a simple yet surprisingly effective online hard example mining (OHEM) algorithm for training region-based ConvNet detectors. Our motivation is the same as it has always beendetection datasets contain an overwhelming number of easy examples and a small number of hard examples. Automatic selection of these hard examples can make training more effective and efficient. OHEM is a simple and intuitive algorithm that eliminates several heuristics and hyperparameters in common use. But more importantly, it yields consistent and significant boosts in detection performance on benchmarks like PASCAL VOC 2007 and 2012. Its effectiveness increases as datasets become larger and more difficult, as demonstrated by the results on the MS COCO dataset. Moreover, combined with complementary advances in the field, OHEM leads to state-of-the-art results of 78.9% and 76.3% mAP on PASCAL VOC 2007 and 2012 respectively.

表面缺陷检测是工业质量检查最重要的过程之一。基于深度学习的表面缺陷检测方法已显示出巨大的潜力。但是，表现出色的模型通常需要大量的训练数据，并且只能检测出在训练阶段出现的缺陷。当面对少量数据数据时，缺陷检测模型不可避免地会遭受灾难性遗忘和错误分类问题的困扰。为了解决这些问题，本文提出了一个新的知识蒸馏网络，称为双知识对齐网络（DKAN）。提出的DKAN方法遵循预处理的转移学习范式，并设计了用于微调的知识蒸馏框架。具体而言，提出了增量RCNN以实现不同类别的分离稳定特征表示。在此框架下，设计特征知识对齐（FKA）的损失是在类不足的特征图之间设计的，以解决灾难性的遗忘问题，而logit知识对准（LKA）损失在logit分布之间部署以解决错误分类问题。实验已经在递增的几个neu-det数据集上进行，结果表明，DKAN在各种几个场景上的其他方法都优于其他方法，对平均平均精度度量指标最高可达6.65％，这证明了该方法的有效性。

Adapting object detectors learned with sufficient supervision to novel classes under low data regimes is charming yet challenging. In few-shot object detection (FSOD), the two-step training paradigm is widely adopted to mitigate the severe sample imbalance, i.e., holistic pre-training on base classes, then partial fine-tuning in a balanced setting with all classes. Since unlabeled instances are suppressed as backgrounds in the base training phase, the learned RPN is prone to produce biased proposals for novel instances, resulting in dramatic performance degradation. Unfortunately, the extreme data scarcity aggravates the proposal distribution bias, hindering the RoI head from evolving toward novel classes. In this paper, we introduce a simple yet effective proposal distribution calibration (PDC) approach to neatly enhance the localization and classification abilities of the RoI head by recycling its localization ability endowed in base training and enriching high-quality positive samples for semantic fine-tuning. Specifically, we sample proposals based on the base proposal statistics to calibrate the distribution bias and impose additional localization and classification losses upon the sampled proposals for fast expanding the base detector to novel classes. Experiments on the commonly used Pascal VOC and MS COCO datasets with explicit state-of-the-art performances justify the efficacy of our PDC for FSOD. Code is available at github.com/Bohao-Lee/PDC.

开放世界对象检测（OWOD）是一个具有挑战性的计算机视觉问题，需要检测未知对象并逐渐学习已确定的未知类别。但是，它不能将未知实例区分为多个未知类。在这项工作中，我们提出了一个新颖的OWOD问题，称为未知分类的开放世界对象检测（UC-OWOD）。 UC-OWOD旨在检测未知实例并将其分类为不同的未知类别。此外，我们制定问题并设计一个两阶段的对象检测器来解决UC-OWOD。首先，使用未知的标签意见建议和未知歧视性分类头用于检测已知和未知对象。然后，构建基于相似性的未知分类和未知聚类改进模块，以区分多个未知类别。此外，设计了两个新颖的评估方案，以评估未知类别的检测。丰富的实验和可视化证明了该方法的有效性。代码可在https://github.com/johnwuzh/uc-owod上找到。

弱监督的对象检测（WSOD）是一项任务，可使用仅在图像级注释上训练的模型来检测图像中的对象。当前的最新模型受益于自我监督的实例级别的监督，但是由于弱监督不包括计数或位置信息，因此最常见的``Argmax''标签方法通常忽略了许多对象实例。为了减轻此问题，我们提出了一种新颖的多个实例标记方法，称为对象发现。我们进一步在弱监督下引入了新的对比损失，在该监督下，没有实例级信息可用于采样，称为弱监督对比损失（WSCL）。WSCL旨在通过利用一致的功能来嵌入同一类中的向量来构建对象发现的可靠相似性阈值。结果，我们在2014年和2017年MS-Coco以及Pascal VOC 2012上取得了新的最新结果，并在Pascal VOC 2007上取得了竞争成果。