互动主义模型引入了一种动态的语言,交流和认知方法。在这项工作中,我们在对话对话系统(SDS)的对话建模的背景下探讨了这一基本理论。为了扩展这样的理论框架,我们提出了一组设计原则,这些设计原则遵守中央心理语言和交流理论,以实现SDS中的互动主义。通过这些,关键思想可以构成我们提出的设计原则的基础。
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大规模的语言技术越来越多地用于与人类在不同情况下的各种形式的交流中。这些技术的一种特殊用例是对话剂,它会根据提示和查询输出自然语言文本。这种参与方式提出了许多社会和道德问题。例如,将对话剂与人类规范或价值观相结合意味着什么?它们应该与哪些规范或价值观保持一致?如何实现这一目标?在本文中,我们提出了许多步骤来帮助回答这些问题。我们首先要对对话代理人和人类对话者之间语言交流的基础进行哲学分析。然后,我们使用此分析来识别和制定理想的对话规范,这些规范可以控制人类与对话代理之间的成功语言交流。此外,我们探讨了如何使用这些规范来使对话剂与在一系列不同的话语领域中的人类价值相结合。最后,我们讨论了我们对与这些规范和价值观一致的对话代理设计的建议的实际含义。
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以任务为导向的对话系统(TODS)继续升高,因为各种行业发现有效地利用其能力,节省时间和金钱。然而,即使是最先进的TOD尚未达到其全部潜力。TOD通常具有主要设计专注于完成手头的任务,因此任务分辨率的度量应优先考虑。可能会忽略可能指向对话的其他可能指向成功或其他方面的会话质量属性。这可能导致人类和对话系统之间的相互作用,让用户不满意或沮丧。本文探讨了对话系统的评价框架的文献,以及对话系统中的会话质量属性的作用,看起来,如何以及在与对话系统的性能相关的情况下,如何相关。
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我们展示了一个讲故事机器人,通过ACT-R认知架构控制,能够采用不同的说服技术和道德阶段,同时对关于Covid-19的一些主题进行交谈。论文的主要贡献包括在对话期间,在代理程序内记忆中可用的有说服力技术的使用(如果有)使用(如果有的话)的需求驱动模型的提议。在这种模型中测试的说服技术组合从使用讲故事,以绘制技术和基于修辞的参数。据我们所知,这代表了建立一个有说服力的代理商,能够整合关于对话管理,讲故事和说服技术以及道德态度的明确接地的认知假设的混合。本文介绍了63名参与者对系统的探索性评估结果
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事实证明,在学习环境中,社会智能代理(SIA)的部署在不同的应用领域具有多个优势。社会代理创作工具使场景设计师能够创造出对SIAS行为的高度控制的量身定制体验,但是,另一方面,这是有代价的,因为该方案及其创作的复杂性可能变得霸道。在本文中,我们介绍了可解释的社会代理创作工具的概念,目的是分析社会代理的创作工具是否可以理解和解释。为此,我们检查了创作工具Fatima-Toolkit是否可以理解,并且从作者的角度来看,其创作步骤可以解释。我们进行了两项用户研究,以定量评估Fatima-Toolkit的解释性,可理解性和透明度,从场景设计师的角度来看。关键发现之一是,法蒂玛 - 库尔基特(Fatima-Toolkit)的概念模型通常是可以理解的,但是基于情感的概念并不那么容易理解和使用。尽管关于Fatima-Toolkit的解释性有一些积极的方面,但仍需要取得进展,以实现完全可以解释的社会代理商创作工具。我们提供一组关键概念和可能的解决方案,可以指导开发人员构建此类工具。
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Negotiation is one of the crucial abilities in human communication, and there has been a resurgent research interest in negotiation dialogue systems recently, which goal is to empower intelligent agents with such ability that can efficiently help humans resolve conflicts or reach beneficial agreements. Although there have been many explorations in negotiation dialogue systems, a systematic review of this task has to date remained notably absent. To this end, we aim to fill this gap by reviewing contemporary studies in the emerging field of negotiation dialogue systems, covering benchmarks, evaluations, and methodologies. Furthermore, we also discuss potential future directions, including multi-modal, multi-party, and cross-cultural negotiation scenarios. Our goal is to provide the community with a systematic overview of negotiation dialogue systems and to inspire future research.
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本文将社会实践的模型描述为一种理论框架,可以管理与培训沟通技能培训医生的特定目标的对话。为了这个目标,在交流中管理对话的域推理器!\ cite {jeuring}认真的游戏被视为基础。由于在某种情况下选择特定的社会实践是非平凡的,因此我们使用概率模型来选择社会实践,以作为实施符合社会实践模型的代理体系结构的一步。
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There has been a recent resurgence in the area of explainable artificial intelligence as researchers and practitioners seek to make their algorithms more understandable. Much of this research is focused on explicitly explaining decisions or actions to a human observer, and it should not be controversial to say that looking at how humans explain to each other can serve as a useful starting point for explanation in artificial intelligence. However, it is fair to say that most work in explainable artificial intelligence uses only the researchers' intuition of what constitutes a 'good' explanation. There exists vast and valuable bodies of research in philosophy, psychology, and cognitive science of how people define, generate, select, evaluate, and present explanations, which argues that people employ certain cognitive biases and social expectations towards the explanation process. This paper argues that the field of explainable artificial intelligence should build on this existing research, and reviews relevant papers from philosophy, cognitive psychology/science, and social psychology, which study these topics. It draws out some important findings, and discusses ways that these can be infused with work on explainable artificial intelligence.
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最近围绕语言处理模型的复杂性的最新炒作使人们对机器获得了类似人类自然语言的指挥的乐观情绪。人工智能中自然语言理解的领域声称在这一领域取得了长足的进步,但是,在这方面和其他学科中使用“理解”的概念性清晰,使我们很难辨别我们实际上有多近的距离。目前的方法和剩余挑战的全面,跨学科的概述尚待进行。除了语言知识之外,这还需要考虑我们特定于物种的能力,以对,记忆,标签和传达我们(足够相似的)体现和位置经验。此外,测量实际约束需要严格分析当前模型的技术能力,以及对理论可能性和局限性的更深入的哲学反思。在本文中,我将所有这些观点(哲学,认知语言和技术)团结在一起,以揭开达到真实(人类般的)语言理解所涉及的挑战。通过解开当前方法固有的理论假设,我希望说明我们距离实现这一目标的实际程度,如果确实是目标。
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维持现实世界中的人类机器人相互作用需要机器人对人类行为特质敏感,并适应其感知和行为模型以满足这些个人偏好。对于情感机器人,这需要学习适应个人情感行为,以为每个人提供个性化的互动体验。持续学习(CL)已被证明可以在代理中实时适应,从而使他们能够通过逐步获得的数据学习,同时保留过去的知识。在这项工作中,我们提出了一个新颖的框架,用于使用基于CL的感知机制对个性化的人类机器人相互作用进行现实应用,以建模个性化的人类机器人相互作用。为了评估所提出的框架,我们使用三种相互作用行为的变体与20名参与者进行概念证明的用户研究:静态和脚本化,使用基于情感的适应性而无需个性化,并将基于情感的适应性与基于情感的适应持续个性化。我们的结果表明,参与者对基于CL的持续个性化的明显偏好,在机器人的拟人化,动画和可爱性等级以及相互作用中观察到的显着改善,以及与机器人在机器人中的评分显着更高的相互作用,因为机器人的评价明显更好。了解参与者的感受。
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会话人工智能(Convai)系统最近吸引了许多学术和商业关注,在两端都取得了重大进展。但是,现有的工作讨论了如何在现实世界应用中开发和部署这些系统的社会益处,具有全面的案例研究和利弊分析。在本文中,我们简要介绍了社区对更好的康沃系统的进展,并反思现有技术如何帮助推进来自各种角度的社会良好举措,这些角度是社区中的共同知识。我们进一步讨论了Convai System以更好地帮助我们实现这些目标的挑战,并突出了其在现实世界中开发和部署所涉及的风险。
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Any organization needs to improve their products, services, and processes. In this context, engaging with customers and understanding their journey is essential. Organizations have leveraged various techniques and technologies to support customer engagement, from call centres to chatbots and virtual agents. Recently, these systems have used Machine Learning (ML) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) to analyze large volumes of customer feedback and engagement data. The goal is to understand customers in context and provide meaningful answers across various channels. Despite multiple advances in Conversational Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Recommender Systems (RS), it is still challenging to understand the intent behind customer questions during the customer journey. To address this challenge, in this paper, we study and analyze the recent work in Conversational Recommender Systems (CRS) in general and, more specifically, in chatbot-based CRS. We introduce a pipeline to contextualize the input utterances in conversations. We then take the next step towards leveraging reverse feature engineering to link the contextualized input and learning model to support intent recognition. Since performance evaluation is achieved based on different ML models, we use transformer base models to evaluate the proposed approach using a labelled dialogue dataset (MSDialogue) of question-answering interactions between information seekers and answer providers.
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This paper aims to provide a radical rundown on Conversation Search (ConvSearch), an approach to enhance the information retrieval method where users engage in a dialogue for the information-seeking tasks. In this survey, we predominantly focused on the human interactive characteristics of the ConvSearch systems, highlighting the operations of the action modules, likely the Retrieval system, Question-Answering, and Recommender system. We labeled various ConvSearch research problems in knowledge bases, natural language processing, and dialogue management systems along with the action modules. We further categorized the framework to ConvSearch and the application is directed toward biomedical and healthcare fields for the utilization of clinical social technology. Finally, we conclude by talking through the challenges and issues of ConvSearch, particularly in Bio-Medicine. Our main aim is to provide an integrated and unified vision of the ConvSearch components from different fields, which benefit the information-seeking process in healthcare systems.
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在口头对话系统中,我们的目标是部署人工智能,以建立可以与人类交流的自动化对话剂。对话系统越来越多地旨在超越仅仅模仿对话,而且随着时间的推移,这些交互也会改善。在本次调查中,我们概述了多年来制定对话系统的方法的广泛概述。对话系统的不同用例范围从基于任务的系统到开放域聊天动机和需要特定的系统。从简单的规则的系统开始,研究已经朝着越来越复杂的建筑培训,这些建筑在大规模的数据集语料库中培训,如深度学习系统。激进了类似人类对话的直觉,通过加强学习将情绪纳入自然语言发生器的进展。虽然我们看到对某些指标的高度边际改善的趋势,但我们发现指标存在有限的理由,评估实践并不统一。要得出结论,我们标志着这些问题并突出了可能的研究方向。
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以人为中心的可解释人工智能(HCXAI)社区提出了将解释过程作为人与机器之间的对话进行构建。在该立场论文中,我们为基于文本的对话剂建立了Desiderata,能够使用自然语言进行交互方式解释神经模型的行为。从自然语言处理(NLP)研究的角度来看,我们设计了这种调解人的蓝图,以进行情感分析的任务,并评估当前的研究在基于对话的解释方面走上了多远。
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建立社会智能的代理人涉及许多挑战。其中之一是跟踪代理商的精神状态过渡,并教给代理人像人类一样以其价值为指导的决定。为此,我们建议将心理状态模拟和价值建模纳入对话代理。首先,我们建立了一个混合精神状态解析器,该解析器从对话和事件观察中提取信息,并保持代理人思想的图形表示;同时,基于变压器的价值模型从人类价值数据集Valuenet中学习人类的偏好。经验结果表明,所提出的模型在幻想文本冒险游戏数据集中的对话/动作/情感预测任务上达到了最先进的表现。我们还展示了示例案例以证明:(i)拟议的精神状态解析器如何通过基于位置和物体等环境来帮助代理商的决定,以及(ii)价值模型如何帮助代理商根据其个人个人做出决策优先事项。
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Neurodegeneration characterizes individuals with different dementia subtypes (e.g., individuals with Alzheimer's Disease, Primary Progressive Aphasia, and Parkinson's Disease), leading to progressive decline in cognitive, linguistic, and social functioning. Speech and language impairments are early symptoms in individuals with focal forms of neurodegenerative conditions, coupled with deficits in cognitive, social, and behavioral domains. This paper reviews the findings on language and communication deficits and identifies the effects of dementia on the production and perception of discourse. It discusses findings concerning (i) language function, cognitive representation, and impairment, (ii) communicative competence, emotions, empathy, and theory-of-mind, and (iii) speech-in-interaction. It argues that clinical discourse analysis can provide a comprehensive assessment of language and communication skills in individuals, which complements the existing neurolinguistic evaluation for (differential) diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment efficacy evaluation.
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我们正在履行社会心理学和社会神经科学以及动态框架的经验结果可能是对更智能人工代理的发展的启发。我们特别争辩说,复杂的人类认知体系结构归功于其与其从事社会和文化学习的能力的大部分表现力。在第一部分,我们的目标是展示社会学习在智力的发展中发挥着关键作用。我们通过讨论社会和文化学习理论,并调查各种动物在别人学习的能力;我们还探讨了社会神经科学的调查结果,在社交互动和学习期间检查人类大脑。然后,我们讨论了三种拟议的研究线,该研究落在了社会神经之上,并且可以在复杂的环境中发展社会智能体现的特工。首先,认知建筑的神经科学理论,如全球工作空间理论和注意力模式理论,可以提高生物合理性,帮助我们了解我们如何弥合智力的个人和社会理论。其次,智能地发生在时间上,而不是随着时间的推移,这是通过动态提供的强大框架自然融入的。第三,已经证明了社会实施例,以提供虚拟代理与人类之间的社交互动,具有更复杂的一系列交流信号。为了得出结论,我们在多层机器人系统领域提供了一种新的视角,探讨了如何通过遵循上述三个轴来推进。
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Empathy is a vital factor that contributes to mutual understanding, and joint problem-solving. In recent years, a growing number of studies have recognized the benefits of empathy and started to incorporate empathy in conversational systems. We refer to this topic as empathetic conversational systems. To identify the critical gaps and future opportunities in this topic, this paper examines this rapidly growing field using five review dimensions: (i) conceptual empathy models and frameworks, (ii) adopted empathy-related concepts, (iii) datasets and algorithmic techniques developed, (iv) evaluation strategies, and (v) state-of-the-art approaches. The findings show that most studies have centered on the use of the EMPATHETICDIALOGUES dataset, and the text-based modality dominates research in this field. Studies mainly focused on extracting features from the messages of the users and the conversational systems, with minimal emphasis on user modeling and profiling. Notably, studies that have incorporated emotion causes, external knowledge, and affect matching in the response generation models, have obtained significantly better results. For implementation in diverse real-world settings, we recommend that future studies should address key gaps in areas of detecting and authenticating emotions at the entity level, handling multimodal inputs, displaying more nuanced empathetic behaviors, and encompassing additional dialogue system features.
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在本文中,我们提出了双工对话,这是一种多型,多模式的口语对话系统,使基于电话的代理能够与人类这样的客户互动。我们在电信中使用全双工的概念来证明人类般的互动体验应该是什么以及如何通过三个子任务实现平稳的转弯:用户状态检测,后拨频选择和驳船检测。此外,我们建议使用多模式数据增强的半监督学习,以利用未标记的数据来增加模型的概括。三个子任务的实验结果表明,与基准相比,所提出的方法可实现一致的改进。我们将双工对话部署到阿里巴巴智能客户服务,并在生产中分享经验教训。在线A/B实验表明,所提出的系统可以将响应潜伏期显着降低50%。
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