在不同观点之间找到准确的对应关系是无监督的多视图立体声(MVS)的跟腱。现有方法是基于以下假设:相应的像素具有相似的光度特征。但是,在实际场景中,多视图图像观察到非斜面的表面和经验遮挡。在这项工作中,我们提出了一种新颖的方法,即神经渲染(RC-MVSNET),以解决观点之间对应关系的歧义问题。具体而言,我们施加了一个深度渲染一致性损失,以限制靠近对象表面的几何特征以减轻遮挡。同时,我们引入了参考视图综合损失,以产生一致的监督,即使是针对非兰伯特表面。关于DTU和TANKS \&Temples基准测试的广泛实验表明,我们的RC-MVSNET方法在无监督的MVS框架上实现了最先进的性能,并对许多有监督的方法进行了竞争性能。该代码在https://github.com/上发布。 BOESE0601/RC-MVSNET
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近年来,与传统方法相比,受监督或无监督的基于学习的MVS方法的性能出色。但是,这些方法仅使用成本量正规化计算的概率量来预测参考深度,这种方式无法从概率量中挖掘出足够的信息。此外,无监督的方法通常尝试使用两步或其他输入进行训练,从而使过程更加复杂。在本文中,我们提出了DS-MVSNET,这是一种具有源深度合成的端到端无监督的MVS结构。为了挖掘概率量的信息,我们通过将概率量和深度假设推向源视图来创造性地综合源深度。同时,我们提出了自适应高斯采样和改进的自适应垃圾箱采样方法,以改善深度假设精度。另一方面,我们利用源深度渲染参考图像,并提出深度一致性损失和深度平滑度损失。这些可以根据不同视图的光度和几何一致性提供其他指导,而无需其他输入。最后,我们在DTU数据集和储罐数据集上进行了一系列实验,这些实验证明了与最先进的方法相比,DS-MVSNET的效率和鲁棒性。
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We present an end-to-end deep learning architecture for depth map inference from multi-view images. In the network, we first extract deep visual image features, and then build the 3D cost volume upon the reference camera frustum via the differentiable homography warping. Next, we apply 3D convolutions to regularize and regress the initial depth map, which is then refined with the reference image to generate the final output. Our framework flexibly adapts arbitrary N-view inputs using a variance-based cost metric that maps multiple features into one cost feature. The proposed MVSNet is demonstrated on the large-scale indoor DTU dataset. With simple post-processing, our method not only significantly outperforms previous state-of-the-arts, but also is several times faster in runtime. We also evaluate MVSNet on the complex outdoor Tanks and Temples dataset, where our method ranks first before April 18, 2018 without any fine-tuning, showing the strong generalization ability of MVSNet.
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With the success of neural volume rendering in novel view synthesis, neural implicit reconstruction with volume rendering has become popular. However, most methods optimize per-scene functions and are unable to generalize to novel scenes. We introduce VolRecon, a generalizable implicit reconstruction method with Signed Ray Distance Function (SRDF). To reconstruct with fine details and little noise, we combine projection features, aggregated from multi-view features with a view transformer, and volume features interpolated from a coarse global feature volume. A ray transformer computes SRDF values of all the samples along a ray to estimate the surface location, which are used for volume rendering of color and depth. Extensive experiments on DTU and ETH3D demonstrate the effectiveness and generalization ability of our method. On DTU, our method outperforms SparseNeuS by about 30% in sparse view reconstruction and achieves comparable quality as MVSNet in full view reconstruction. Besides, our method shows good generalization ability on the large-scale ETH3D benchmark. Project page: https://fangjinhuawang.github.io/VolRecon.
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Neural Radiance Field (NeRF) has revolutionized free viewpoint rendering tasks and achieved impressive results. However, the efficiency and accuracy problems hinder its wide applications. To address these issues, we propose Geometry-Aware Generalized Neural Radiance Field (GARF) with a geometry-aware dynamic sampling (GADS) strategy to perform real-time novel view rendering and unsupervised depth estimation on unseen scenes without per-scene optimization. Distinct from most existing generalized NeRFs, our framework infers the unseen scenes on both pixel-scale and geometry-scale with only a few input images. More specifically, our method learns common attributes of novel-view synthesis by an encoder-decoder structure and a point-level learnable multi-view feature fusion module which helps avoid occlusion. To preserve scene characteristics in the generalized model, we introduce an unsupervised depth estimation module to derive the coarse geometry, narrow down the ray sampling interval to proximity space of the estimated surface and sample in expectation maximum position, constituting Geometry-Aware Dynamic Sampling strategy (GADS). Moreover, we introduce a Multi-level Semantic Consistency loss (MSC) to assist more informative representation learning. Extensive experiments on indoor and outdoor datasets show that comparing with state-of-the-art generalized NeRF methods, GARF reduces samples by more than 25\%, while improving rendering quality and 3D geometry estimation.
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神经隐式表面已成为多视图3D重建的重要技术,但它们的准确性仍然有限。在本文中,我们认为这来自难以学习和呈现具有神经网络的高频纹理。因此,我们建议在不同视图中添加标准神经渲染优化直接照片一致性术语。直观地,我们优化隐式几何体,以便以一致的方式扭曲彼此的视图。我们证明,两个元素是这种方法成功的关键:(i)使用沿着每条光线的预测占用和3D点的预测占用和法线来翘曲整个补丁,并用稳健的结构相似度测量它们的相似性; (ii)以这种方式处理可见性和遮挡,使得不正确的扭曲不会给出太多的重要性,同时鼓励重建尽可能完整。我们评估了我们的方法,在标准的DTU和EPFL基准上被称为NeuralWarp,并表明它在两个数据集上以超过20%重建的艺术态度优于未经监督的隐式表面。
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We present a novel neural surface reconstruction method called NeuralRoom for reconstructing room-sized indoor scenes directly from a set of 2D images. Recently, implicit neural representations have become a promising way to reconstruct surfaces from multiview images due to their high-quality results and simplicity. However, implicit neural representations usually cannot reconstruct indoor scenes well because they suffer severe shape-radiance ambiguity. We assume that the indoor scene consists of texture-rich and flat texture-less regions. In texture-rich regions, the multiview stereo can obtain accurate results. In the flat area, normal estimation networks usually obtain a good normal estimation. Based on the above observations, we reduce the possible spatial variation range of implicit neural surfaces by reliable geometric priors to alleviate shape-radiance ambiguity. Specifically, we use multiview stereo results to limit the NeuralRoom optimization space and then use reliable geometric priors to guide NeuralRoom training. Then the NeuralRoom would produce a neural scene representation that can render an image consistent with the input training images. In addition, we propose a smoothing method called perturbation-residual restrictions to improve the accuracy and completeness of the flat region, which assumes that the sampling points in a local surface should have the same normal and similar distance to the observation center. Experiments on the ScanNet dataset show that our method can reconstruct the texture-less area of indoor scenes while maintaining the accuracy of detail. We also apply NeuralRoom to more advanced multiview reconstruction algorithms and significantly improve their reconstruction quality.
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在许多计算机视觉和图形应用程序中,从2D图像重建3D室内场景是一项重要任务。这项任务中的一个主要挑战是,典型的室内场景中的无纹理区域使现有方法难以产生令人满意的重建结果。我们提出了一种名为Neuris的新方法,以高质量地重建室内场景。 Neuris的关键思想是将估计的室内场景正常整合为神经渲染框架中的先验,以重建大型无纹理形状,并且重要的是,以适应性的方式进行此操作,以便重建不规则的形状,并具有很好的细节。 。具体而言,我们通过检查优化过程中重建的多视图一致性来评估正常先验的忠诚。只有被接受为忠实的正常先验才能用于3D重建,通常发生在平滑形状的区域中,可能具有弱质地。但是,对于那些具有小物体或薄结构的区域,普通先验通常不可靠,我们只能依靠输入图像的视觉特征,因为此类区域通常包含相对较丰富的视觉特征(例如,阴影变化和边界轮廓)。广泛的实验表明,在重建质量方面,Neuris明显优于最先进的方法。
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具有已知相机参数的多视图立体声(MVS)基本上是有效深度范围内的1D搜索问题。最近的基于深度学习的MVS方法通常在深度范围内密集地样本深度假设,然后构造对深度预测的预测存储器消耗的3D成本卷。虽然粗细的抽样策略在一定程度上缓解了这个开销问题,但MVS的效率仍然是一个开放的挑战。在这项工作中,我们提出了一种用于高效MV的新方法,其显着降低了内存足迹,同时明显推进最先进的深度预测性能。考虑到效率和有效性,我们调查搜索策略可以合理地最佳地最佳。我们首先将MVS制定为二进制搜索问题,因此提出了用于MV的广义二进制搜索网络。具体地,在每个步骤中,深度范围被分成2个箱,两侧具有额外的1个误差容差箱。执行分类以确定哪个箱包含真实深度。我们还将三种机制分别设计为分别处理分类错误,处理超出范围的样本并降低培训记忆。新配方使我们的方法仅在每个步骤中示出非常少量的深度假设,这是高度记忆效率,并且还极大地促进了快速训练收敛。竞争力基准的实验表明,我们的方法达到了最先进的准确性,内存要少得多。特别是,我们的方法在DTU数据集中获得0.289的总分,并在所有基于学习的方法中排列在具有挑战性的坦克和寺庙高级数据集上的第一名。训练有素的型号和代码将在https://github.com/mizhenxing/gbi-net发布。
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Volumetric neural rendering methods like NeRF generate high-quality view synthesis results but are optimized per-scene leading to prohibitive reconstruction time. On the other hand, deep multi-view stereo methods can quickly reconstruct scene geometry via direct network inference. Point-NeRF combines the advantages of these two approaches by using neural 3D point clouds, with associated neural features, to model a radiance field. Point-NeRF can be rendered efficiently by aggregating neural point features near scene surfaces, in a ray marching-based rendering pipeline. Moreover, Point-NeRF can be initialized via direct inference of a pre-trained deep network to produce a neural point cloud; this point cloud can be finetuned to surpass the visual quality of NeRF with 30X faster training time. Point-NeRF can be combined with other 3D reconstruction methods and handles the errors and outliers in such methods via a novel pruning and growing mechanism. The experiments on the DTU, the NeRF Synthetics , the ScanNet and the Tanks and Temples datasets demonstrate Point-NeRF can surpass the existing methods and achieve the state-of-the-art results.
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神经辐射场(NERF)具有密集捕获的输入图像实现光真实的视图合成。然而,鉴于稀疏的视图,NERF的几何形状极为严重,从而导致新观点合成质量的显着降解。受到自我监督的深度估计方法的启发,我们提出了structnerf,这是针对稀疏输入的室内场景的新型视图合成的解决方案。 structnerf利用自然嵌入多视图输入中的结构提示来处理NERF中无约束的几何问题。具体而言,它分别解决了纹理和非纹理区域:提出了基于贴片的多视图一致的光度损失来限制纹理区域的几何形状;对于非纹理的,我们明确地将它们限制为3D一致的平面。通过密集的自我监督深度约束,我们的方法可以改善NERF的几何形状和视图综合性能,而无需对外部数据进行任何其他培训。在几个现实世界数据集上进行的广泛实验表明,构造者超过了针对室内场景的最新方法,这些方法具有稀疏输入的定量和定性。
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We present a method that synthesizes novel views of complex scenes by interpolating a sparse set of nearby views. The core of our method is a network architecture that includes a multilayer perceptron and a ray transformer that estimates radiance and volume density at continuous 5D locations (3D spatial locations and 2D viewing directions), drawing appearance information on the fly from multiple source views. By drawing on source views at render time, our method hearkens back to classic work on image-based rendering (IBR), and allows us to render high-resolution imagery. Unlike neural scene representation work that optimizes per-scene functions for rendering, we learn a generic view interpolation function that generalizes to novel scenes. We render images using classic volume rendering, which is fully differentiable and allows us to train using only multiview posed images as supervision. Experiments show that our method outperforms recent novel view synthesis methods that also seek to generalize to novel scenes. Further, if fine-tuned on each scene, our method is competitive with state-of-the-art single-scene neural rendering methods. 1
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在本文中,我们解决了多视图3D形状重建的问题。尽管最近与隐式形状表示相关的最新可区分渲染方法提供了突破性的表现,但它们仍然在计算上很重,并且在估计的几何形状上通常缺乏精确性。为了克服这些局限性,我们研究了一种基于体积的新型表示形式建立的新计算方法,就像在最近的可区分渲染方法中一样,但是用深度图进行了参数化,以更好地实现形状表面。与此表示相关的形状能量可以评估给定颜色图像的3D几何形状,并且不需要外观预测,但在优化时仍然受益于体积整合。在实践中,我们提出了一个隐式形状表示,SRDF基于签名距离,我们通过沿摄像头射线进行参数化。相关的形状能量考虑了深度预测一致性和光度一致性之间的一致性,这是在体积表示内的3D位置。可以考虑各种照片一致先验的基础基线,或者像学习功能一样详细的标准。该方法保留具有深度图的像素准确性,并且可行。我们对标准数据集进行的实验表明,它提供了有关具有隐式形状表示的最新方法以及传统的多视角立体方法的最新结果。
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本文旨在减少透明辐射场的渲染时间。一些最近的作品用图像编码器配备了神经辐射字段,能够跨越场景概括,这避免了每场景优化。但是,它们的渲染过程通常很慢。主要因素是,在推断辐射场时,它们在空间中的大量点。在本文中,我们介绍了一个混合场景表示,它结合了最佳的隐式辐射场和显式深度映射,以便有效渲染。具体地,我们首先构建级联成本量,以有效地预测场景的粗糙几何形状。粗糙几何允许我们在场景表面附近的几个点来样,并显着提高渲染速度。该过程是完全可疑的,使我们能够仅从RGB图像共同学习深度预测和辐射现场网络。实验表明,该方法在DTU,真正的前瞻性和NERF合成数据集上展示了最先进的性能,而不是比以前的最可推广的辐射现场方法快至少50倍。我们还展示了我们的方法实时综合动态人类执行者的自由观点视频。代码将在https://zju3dv.github.io/enerf/处提供。
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神经辐射字段(NERF)将场景编码为神经表示,使得能够实现新颖视图的照片逼真。然而,RGB图像的成功重建需要在静态条件下拍摄的大量输入视图 - 通常可以为房间尺寸场景的几百个图像。我们的方法旨在将整个房间的小说视图从数量级的图像中合成。为此,我们利用密集的深度前导者来限制NERF优化。首先,我们利用从用于估计相机姿势的运动(SFM)预处理步骤的结构自由提供的稀疏深度数据。其次,我们使用深度完成将这些稀疏点转换为密集的深度图和不确定性估计,用于指导NERF优化。我们的方法使数据有效的新颖观看综合在挑战室内场景中,使用少量为整个场景的18张图像。
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神经场景表示,例如神经辐射场(NERF),基于训练多层感知器(MLP),使用一组具有已知姿势的彩色图像。现在,越来越多的设备产生RGB-D(颜色 +深度)信息,这对于各种任务非常重要。因此,本文的目的是通过将深度信息与颜色图像结合在一起,研究这些有希望的隐式表示可以进行哪些改进。特别是,最近建议的MIP-NERF方法使用圆锥形的圆丝而不是射线进行音量渲染,它使人们可以考虑具有距离距离摄像头中心距离的像素的不同区域。所提出的方法还模拟了深度不确定性。这允许解决基于NERF的方法的主要局限性,包括提高几何形状的准确性,减少伪像,更快的训练时间和缩短预测时间。实验是在众所周知的基准场景上进行的,并且比较在场景几何形状和光度重建中的准确性提高,同时将训练时间减少了3-5次。
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Existing learning-based multi-view stereo (MVS) methods rely on the depth range to build the 3D cost volume and may fail when the range is too large or unreliable. To address this problem, we propose a disparity-based MVS method based on the epipolar disparity flow (E-flow), called DispMVS, which infers the depth information from the pixel movement between two views. The core of DispMVS is to construct a 2D cost volume on the image plane along the epipolar line between each pair (between the reference image and several source images) for pixel matching and fuse uncountable depths triangulated from each pair by multi-view geometry to ensure multi-view consistency. To be robust, DispMVS starts from a randomly initialized depth map and iteratively refines the depth map with the help of the coarse-to-fine strategy. Experiments on DTUMVS and Tanks\&Temple datasets show that DispMVS is not sensitive to the depth range and achieves state-of-the-art results with lower GPU memory.
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我们介绍了Sparseneus,这是一种基于神经渲染的新方法,用于从多视图图像中进行表面重建的任务。当仅提供稀疏图像作为输入时,此任务变得更加困难,这种情况通常会产生不完整或失真的结果。此外,他们无法概括看不见的新场景会阻碍他们在实践中的应用。相反,Sparseneus可以概括为新场景,并与稀疏的图像(仅2或3)良好合作。 Sparseneus采用签名的距离函数(SDF)作为表面表示,并通过引入代码编码通用表面预测的几何形状来从图像特征中学习可概括的先验。此外,引入了几种策略,以有效利用稀疏视图来进行高质量重建,包括1)多层几何推理框架以粗略的方式恢复表面; 2)多尺度的颜色混合方案,以实现更可靠的颜色预测; 3)一种一致性意识的微调方案,以控制由遮挡和噪声引起的不一致区域。广泛的实验表明,我们的方法不仅胜过最先进的方法,而且表现出良好的效率,可推广性和灵活性。
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我们呈现Geonerf,一种基于神经辐射场的完全光电素质性新颖性研究综合方法。我们的方法由两个主要阶段组成:几何推理和渲染器。为了渲染新颖的视图,几何件推理首先为每个附近的源视图构造级联成本卷。然后,使用基于变压器的注意力机制和级联成本卷,渲染器Infers的几何和外观,并通过经典音量渲染技术呈现细节的图像。特别是该架构允许复杂的遮挡推理,从一致的源视图中收集信息。此外,我们的方法可以在单个场景中轻松进行微调,通过每场比较优化的神经渲染方法呈现竞争结果,其数量是计算成本。实验表明,Geonerf优于各种合成和实时数据集的最先进的最新神经渲染模型。最后,随着对几何推理的略微修改,我们还提出了一种适应RGBD图像的替代模型。由于深度传感器,该模型通常直接利用经常使用的深度信息。实施代码将公开可用。
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我们介绍了神经点光场,它用稀疏点云上的轻场隐含地表示场景。结合可分辨率的体积渲染与学习的隐式密度表示使得可以合成用于小型场景的新颖视图的照片现实图像。作为神经体积渲染方法需要潜在的功能场景表示的浓密采样,在沿着射线穿过体积的数百个样本,它们从根本上限制在具有投影到数百个训练视图的相同对象的小场景。向神经隐式光线推广稀疏点云允许我们有效地表示每个光线的单个隐式采样操作。这些点光场作为光线方向和局部点特征邻域的函数,允许我们在没有密集的物体覆盖和视差的情况下插入光场条件训练图像。我们评估大型驾驶场景的新型视图综合的提出方法,在那里我们综合了现实的看法,即现有的隐式方法未能代表。我们验证了神经点光场可以通过显式建模场景来实现沿着先前轨迹的视频来预测沿着看不见的轨迹的视频。
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