随着第五代无线通信技术的应用，正在使用更多的智能终端并生成大量数据，这引发了有关如何处理和利用这些无线数据的广泛研究。目前，研究人员专注于有关上层应用程序数据的研究或研究基于蒙特卡洛模拟产生的大量数据的特定问题的智能传输方法。本文旨在通过根据无线通信协议构建知识图以及领域专家知识并进一步研究无线内源性智能来了解无线数据的内源关系。我们首先构建了通过5G/B5G测试网络收集的无线核心网络数据的内源性因素的知识图。然后，基于图形卷积神经网络的新型模型旨在学习图表的表示，该图表用于对图节点进行分类和模拟关系预测。提出的模型实现了自动节点分类和网络异常引起的跟踪。它也以无监督的方式应用于公共数据集。最后，结果表明，所提出的模型的分类精度比现有的无监督图神经网络模型（例如VGAE和ARVGE）更好。

Due to the issue that existing wireless sensor network (WSN)-based anomaly detection methods only consider and analyze temporal features, in this paper, a self-supervised learning-based anomaly node detection method based on an autoencoder is designed. This method integrates temporal WSN data flow feature extraction, spatial position feature extraction and intermodal WSN correlation feature extraction into the design of the autoencoder to make full use of the spatial and temporal information of the WSN for anomaly detection. First, a fully connected network is used to extract the temporal features of nodes by considering a single mode from a local spatial perspective. Second, a graph neural network (GNN) is used to introduce the WSN topology from a global spatial perspective for anomaly detection and extract the spatial and temporal features of the data flows of nodes and their neighbors by considering a single mode. Then, the adaptive fusion method involving weighted summation is used to extract the relevant features between different models. In addition, this paper introduces a gated recurrent unit (GRU) to solve the long-term dependence problem of the time dimension. Eventually, the reconstructed output of the decoder and the hidden layer representation of the autoencoder are fed into a fully connected network to calculate the anomaly probability of the current system. Since the spatial feature extraction operation is advanced, the designed method can be applied to the task of large-scale network anomaly detection by adding a clustering operation. Experiments show that the designed method outperforms the baselines, and the F1 score reaches 90.6%, which is 5.2% higher than those of the existing anomaly detection methods based on unsupervised reconstruction and prediction. Code and model are available at https://github.com/GuetYe/anomaly_detection/GLSL

图表神经网络（GNN）基于故障诊断（FD）近年来收到了越来越多的关注，因为来自来自多个应用域的数据可以有利地表示为图。实际上，与传统的FD方法相比，这种特殊的代表性表格导致了卓越的性能。在本次审查中，给出了GNN，对故障诊断领域的潜在应用以及未来观点的简单介绍。首先，通过专注于它们的数据表示，即时间序列，图像和图形，回顾基于神经网络的FD方法。其次，引入了GNN的基本原则和主要架构，注意了图形卷积网络，图注意网络，图形样本和聚合，图形自动编码器和空间 - 时间图卷积网络。第三，通过详细实验验证基于GNN的最相关的故障诊断方法，结论是基于GNN的方法可以实现良好的故障诊断性能。最后，提供了讨论和未来的挑战。

图形神经网络（GNN）在解决图形结构数据（即网络）方面的各种分析任务方面已广受欢迎。典型的gnns及其变体遵循一种消息的方式，该方式通过网络拓扑沿网络拓扑的特征传播过程获得网络表示，然而，它们忽略了许多现实世界网络中存在的丰富文本语义（例如，局部单词序列）。现有的文本丰富网络方法通过主要利用内部信息（例如主题或短语/单词）来整合文本语义，这些信息通常无法全面地挖掘文本语义，从而限制了网络结构和文本语义之间的相互指导。为了解决这些问题，我们提出了一个具有外部知识（TEKO）的新型文本富裕的图形神经网络，以充分利用文本丰富的网络中的结构和文本信息。具体而言，我们首先提出一个灵活的异质语义网络，该网络结合了文档和实体之间的高质量实体和互动。然后，我们介绍两种类型的外部知识，即结构化的三胞胎和非结构化实体描述，以更深入地了解文本语义。我们进一步为构建的异质语义网络设计了互惠卷积机制，使网络结构和文本语义能够相互协作并学习高级网络表示。在四个公共文本丰富的网络以及一个大规模的电子商务搜索数据集上进行了广泛的实验结果，这说明了Teko优于最先进的基线。

注意机制使图形神经网络（GNN）能够学习目标节点与其单跳邻居之间的注意力权重，从而进一步提高性能。但是，大多数现有的GNN都针对均匀图，其中每一层只能汇总单跳邻居的信息。堆叠多层网络引入了相当大的噪音，并且很容易导致过度平滑。我们在这里提出了一种多跃波异质邻域信息融合图表示方法（MHNF）。具体而言，我们提出了一个混合元自动提取模型，以有效提取多ihop混合邻居。然后，我们制定了一个跳级的异质信息聚合模型，该模型在同一混合Metapath中选择性地汇总了不同的跳跃邻域信息。最后，构建了分层语义注意融合模型（HSAF），该模型可以有效地整合不同的互动和不同的路径邻域信息。以这种方式，本文解决了汇总MultiHop邻里信息和学习目标任务的混合元数据的问题。这减轻了手动指定Metapaths的限制。此外，HSAF可以提取Metapaths的内部节点信息，并更好地整合存在不同级别的语义信息。真实数据集的实验结果表明，MHNF在最先进的基准中取得了最佳或竞争性能，仅1/10〜1/100参数和计算预算。我们的代码可在https://github.com/phd-lanyu/mhnf上公开获取。

尽管图表学习（GRL）取得了重大进展，但要以足够的方式提取和嵌入丰富的拓扑结构和特征信息仍然是一个挑战。大多数现有方法都集中在本地结构上，并且无法完全融合全球拓扑结构。为此，我们提出了一种新颖的结构保留图表学习（SPGRL）方法，以完全捕获图的结构信息。具体而言，为了减少原始图的不确定性和错误信息，我们通过k-nearest邻居方法构建了特征图作为互补视图。该特征图可用于对比节点级别以捕获本地关系。此外，我们通过最大化整个图形和特征嵌入的相互信息（MI）来保留全局拓扑结构信息，从理论上讲，该信息可以简化为交换功能的特征嵌入和原始图以重建本身。广泛的实验表明，我们的方法在半监督节点分类任务上具有相当出色的性能，并且在图形结构或节点特征上噪声扰动下的鲁棒性出色。

Anomaly analytics is a popular and vital task in various research contexts, which has been studied for several decades. At the same time, deep learning has shown its capacity in solving many graph-based tasks like, node classification, link prediction, and graph classification. Recently, many studies are extending graph learning models for solving anomaly analytics problems, resulting in beneficial advances in graph-based anomaly analytics techniques. In this survey, we provide a comprehensive overview of graph learning methods for anomaly analytics tasks. We classify them into four categories based on their model architectures, namely graph convolutional network (GCN), graph attention network (GAT), graph autoencoder (GAE), and other graph learning models. The differences between these methods are also compared in a systematic manner. Furthermore, we outline several graph-based anomaly analytics applications across various domains in the real world. Finally, we discuss five potential future research directions in this rapidly growing field.

图形神经网络（GNN）是通过学习通用节点表示形式来建模和处理图形结构数据的主要范例。传统的培训方式GNNS取决于许多标记的数据，这导致了成本和时间的高需求。在某个特殊场景中，它甚至不可用。可以通过图形结构数据本身生成标签的自我监督表示学习是解决此问题的潜在方法。并且要研究对异质图的自学学习问题的研究比处理同质图更具挑战性，对此，研究也更少。在本文中，我们通过基于Metapath（SESIM）的结构信息提出了一种用于异质图的自我监督学习方法。提出的模型可以通过预测每个Metapath中节点之间的跳跃数来构建借口任务，以提高主任务的表示能力。为了预测跳跃数量，Sesim使用数据本身来生成标签，避免了耗时的手动标签。此外，预测每个Metapath中的跳跃数量可以有效地利用图形结构信息，这是节点之间的重要属性。因此，Sesim加深对图形结构模型的理解。最后，我们共同培训主要任务和借口任务，并使用元学习来平衡借口任务对主要任务的贡献。经验结果验证了SESIM方法的性能，并证明该方法可以提高传统神经网络在链接预测任务和节点分类任务上的表示能力。

Clustering is a fundamental problem in network analysis that finds closely connected groups of nodes and separates them from other nodes in the graph, while link prediction is to predict whether two nodes in a network are likely to have a link. The definition of both naturally determines that clustering must play a positive role in obtaining accurate link prediction tasks. Yet researchers have long ignored or used inappropriate ways to undermine this positive relationship. In this article, We construct a simple but efficient clustering-driven link prediction framework(ClusterLP), with the goal of directly exploiting the cluster structures to obtain connections between nodes as accurately as possible in both undirected graphs and directed graphs. Specifically, we propose that it is easier to establish links between nodes with similar representation vectors and cluster tendencies in undirected graphs, while nodes in a directed graphs can more easily point to nodes similar to their representation vectors and have greater influence in their own cluster. We customized the implementation of ClusterLP for undirected and directed graphs, respectively, and the experimental results using multiple real-world networks on the link prediction task showed that our models is highly competitive with existing baseline models. The code implementation of ClusterLP and baselines we use are available at https://github.com/ZINUX1998/ClusterLP.

Graph mining tasks arise from many different application domains, ranging from social networks, transportation to E-commerce, etc., which have been receiving great attention from the theoretical and algorithmic design communities in recent years, and there has been some pioneering work employing the research-rich Reinforcement Learning (RL) techniques to address graph data mining tasks. However, these graph mining methods and RL models are dispersed in different research areas, which makes it hard to compare them. In this survey, we provide a comprehensive overview of RL and graph mining methods and generalize these methods to Graph Reinforcement Learning (GRL) as a unified formulation. We further discuss the applications of GRL methods across various domains and summarize the method descriptions, open-source codes, and benchmark datasets of GRL methods. Furthermore, we propose important directions and challenges to be solved in the future. As far as we know, this is the latest work on a comprehensive survey of GRL, this work provides a global view and a learning resource for scholars. In addition, we create an online open-source for both interested scholars who want to enter this rapidly developing domain and experts who would like to compare GRL methods.

6G is envisioned to offer higher data rate, improved reliability, ubiquitous AI services, and support massive scale of connected devices. As a consequence, 6G will be much more complex than its predecessors. The growth of the system scale and complexity as well as the coexistence with the legacy networks and the diversified service requirements will inevitably incur huge maintenance cost and efforts for future 6G networks. Network Root Cause Analysis (Net-RCA) plays a critical role in identifying root causes of network faults. In this article, we first give an introduction about the envisioned 6G networks. Next, we discuss the challenges and potential solutions of 6G network operation and management, and comprehensively survey existing RCA methods. Then we propose an artificial intelligence (AI)-empowered Net-RCA framework for 6G. Performance comparisons on both synthetic and real-world network data are carried out to demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the existing method considerably.

图表可以模拟实体之间的复杂交互，它在许多重要的应用程序中自然出现。这些应用程序通常可以投入到标准图形学习任务中，其中关键步骤是学习低维图表示。图形神经网络（GNN）目前是嵌入方法中最受欢迎的模型。然而，邻域聚合范例中的标准GNN患有区分\ EMPH {高阶}图形结构的有限辨别力，而不是\ EMPH {低位}结构。为了捕获高阶结构，研究人员求助于主题和开发的基于主题的GNN。然而，现有的基于主基的GNN仍然仍然遭受较少的辨别力的高阶结构。为了克服上述局限性，我们提出了一个新颖的框架，以更好地捕获高阶结构的新框架，铰接于我们所提出的主题冗余最小化操作员和注射主题组合的新颖框架。首先，MGNN生成一组节点表示W.R.T.每个主题。下一阶段是我们在图案中提出的冗余最小化，该主题在彼此相互比较并蒸馏出每个主题的特征。最后，MGNN通过组合来自不同图案的多个表示来执行节点表示的更新。特别地，为了增强鉴别的功率，MGNN利用重新注射功能来组合表示的函数w.r.t.不同的主题。我们进一步表明，我们的拟议体系结构增加了GNN的表现力，具有理论分析。我们展示了MGNN在节点分类和图形分类任务上的七个公共基准上表现出最先进的方法。

随着对比学习的兴起，无人监督的图形表示学习最近一直蓬勃发展，甚至超过了一些机器学习任务中的监督对应物。图表表示的大多数对比模型学习侧重于最大化本地和全局嵌入之间的互信息，或主要取决于节点级别的对比嵌入。然而，它们仍然不足以全面探索网络拓扑的本地和全球视图。虽然前者认为本地全球关系，但其粗略的全球信息导致本地和全球观点之间的思考。后者注重节点级别对齐，以便全局视图的作用出现不起眼。为避免落入这两个极端情况，我们通过对比群集分配来提出一种新颖的无监督图形表示模型，称为GCCA。通过组合聚类算法和对比学习，它有动力综合利用本地和全球信息。这不仅促进了对比效果，而且还提供了更高质量的图形信息。同时，GCCA进一步挖掘群集级信息，这使得它能够了解除了图形拓扑之外的节点之间的难以捉摸的关联。具体地，我们首先使用不同的图形增强策略生成两个增强的图形，然后使用聚类算法分别获取其群集分配和原型。所提出的GCCA进一步强制不同增强图中的相同节点来通过最小化交叉熵损失来互相识别它们的群集分配。为了展示其有效性，我们将在三个不同的下游任务中与最先进的模型进行比较。实验结果表明，GCCA在大多数任务中具有强大的竞争力。

Deep learning has revolutionized many machine learning tasks in recent years, ranging from image classification and video processing to speech recognition and natural language understanding. The data in these tasks are typically represented in the Euclidean space. However, there is an increasing number of applications where data are generated from non-Euclidean domains and are represented as graphs with complex relationships and interdependency between objects. The complexity of graph data has imposed significant challenges on existing machine learning algorithms. Recently, many studies on extending deep learning approaches for graph data have emerged. In this survey, we provide a comprehensive overview of graph neural networks (GNNs) in data mining and machine learning fields. We propose a new taxonomy to divide the state-of-the-art graph neural networks into four categories, namely recurrent graph neural networks, convolutional graph neural networks, graph autoencoders, and spatial-temporal graph neural networks. We further discuss the applications of graph neural networks across various domains and summarize the open source codes, benchmark data sets, and model evaluation of graph neural networks. Finally, we propose potential research directions in this rapidly growing field.

由于在建模相互依存系统中，由于其高效用，多层图已经在许多领域获得了大量的研究。然而，多层图的聚类，其旨在将图形节点划分为类别或社区，仍处于新生阶段。现有方法通常限于利用MultiView属性或多个网络，并忽略更复杂和更丰富的网络框架。为此，我们向多层图形聚类提出了一种名为Multidayer agal对比聚类网络（MGCCN）的多层图形聚类的通用和有效的AutoEncoder框架。 MGCCN由三个模块组成：（1）应用机制以更好地捕获节点与邻居之间的相关性以获得更好的节点嵌入。 （2）更好地探索不同网络中的一致信息，引入了对比融合策略。 （3）MGCCN采用自我监督的组件，可迭代地增强节点嵌入和聚类。对不同类型的真实图数据数据的广泛实验表明我们所提出的方法优于最先进的技术。

异质图卷积网络在解决异质网络数据的各种网络分析任务方面已广受欢迎，从链接预测到节点分类。但是，大多数现有作品都忽略了多型节点之间的多重网络的关系异质性，而在元路径中，元素嵌入中关系的重要性不同，这几乎无法捕获不同关系跨不同关系的异质结构信号。为了应对这一挑战，这项工作提出了用于异质网络嵌入的多重异质图卷积网络（MHGCN）。我们的MHGCN可以通过多层卷积聚合自动学习多重异质网络中不同长度的有用的异质元路径相互作用。此外，我们有效地将多相关结构信号和属性语义集成到学习的节点嵌入中，并具有无监督和精选的学习范式。在具有各种网络分析任务的五个现实世界数据集上进行的广泛实验表明，根据所有评估指标，MHGCN与最先进的嵌入基线的优势。

疾病预测是医学应用中的知名分类问题。 GCNS提供了一个强大的工具，用于分析患者相对于彼此的特征。这可以通过将问题建模作为图形节点分类任务来实现，其中每个节点是患者。由于这种医学数据集的性质，类别不平衡是疾病预测领域的普遍存在问题，其中类的分布是歪曲的。当数据中存在类别不平衡时，现有的基于图形的分类器倾向于偏向于主要类别并忽略小类中的样本。另一方面，所有患者中罕见阳性病例的正确诊断在医疗保健系统中至关重要。在传统方法中，通过将适当的权重分配给丢失函数中的类别来解决这种不平衡，这仍然依赖于对异常值敏感的权重的相对值，并且在某些情况下偏向于小类（ES）。在本文中，我们提出了一种重加权的对抗性图形卷积网络（RA-GCN），以防止基于图形的分类器强调任何特定类的样本。这是通过将基于图形的神经网络与每个类相关联来完成的，这负责加权类样本并改变分类器的每个样本的重要性。因此，分类器自身调节并确定类之间的边界，更加关注重要样本。分类器和加权网络的参数受到侵犯方法训练。我们在合成和三个公共医疗数据集上显示实验。与最近的方法相比，ra-gcn展示了与最近的方法在所有三个数据集上识别患者状态的方法相比。详细分析作为合成数据集的定量和定性实验提供。

节点分类是图神经网络中的重要任务，但是大多数现有研究都认为来自不同类别的样本是平衡的。但是，类不平衡问题是普遍的，可能会严重影响模型的性能。减少数据集对模型培训的不利影响对于改善模型的性能至关重要。因此，基于传统算法级别的方法来重建新的损失函数FD损失。首先，我们提出样品不种种量的距离，以根据分布过滤边缘样品和简单样品。然后，根据不抗测量距离定义了权重系数，并在损耗函数加权项中使用，以便损耗函数仅集中在有价值的样本上。与节点分类任务中的现有方法相比，几个基准的实验表明，我们的损耗函数可以有效地解决样品节点不平衡问题并将分类精度提高4％。

由于其在许多有影响力的领域中的广泛应用，归因网络上的图形异常检测已成为普遍的研究主题。在现实情况下，属性网络中的节点和边缘通常显示出不同的异质性，即不同类型的节点的属性显示出大量的多样性，不同类型的关系表示多种含义。在这些网络中，异常在异质性的各个角度上的表现通常与大多数不同。但是，现有的图异常检测方法不能利用归因网络中的异质性，这与异常检测高度相关。鉴于这个问题，我们提出了前方的提议：基于编码器解码器框架的异质性无监督图异常检测方法。具体而言，对于编码器，我们设计了三个关注级别，即属性级别，节点类型级别和边缘级别的关注，以捕获网络结构的异质性，节点属性和单个节点的信息。在解码器中，我们利用结构，属性和节点类型重建项来获得每个节点的异常得分。广泛的实验表明，与无监督环境中的艺术品相比，在几个现实世界中的异质信息网络上，前方的优势。进一步的实验验证了我们三重注意力，模型骨干和解码器的有效性和鲁棒性。

A large number of studies on Graph Outlier Detection (GOD) have emerged in recent years due to its wide applications, in which Unsupervised Node Outlier Detection (UNOD) on attributed networks is an important area. UNOD focuses on detecting two kinds of typical outliers in graphs: the structural outlier and the contextual outlier. Most existing works conduct experiments based on datasets with injected outliers. However, we find that the most widely-used outlier injection approach has a serious data leakage issue. By only utilizing such data leakage, a simple approach can achieve state-of-the-art performance in detecting outliers. In addition, we observe that most existing algorithms have a performance drop with varied injection settings. The other major issue is on balanced detection performance between the two types of outliers, which has not been considered by existing studies. In this paper, we analyze the cause of the data leakage issue in depth since the injection approach is a building block to advance UNOD. Moreover, we devise a novel variance-based model to detect structural outliers, which outperforms existing algorithms significantly at different injection settings. On top of this, we propose a new framework, Variance-based Graph Outlier Detection (VGOD), which combines our variance-based model and attribute reconstruction model to detect outliers in a balanced way. Finally, we conduct extensive experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of VGOD. The results on 5 real-world datasets validate that VGOD achieves not only the best performance in detecting outliers but also a balanced detection performance between structural and contextual outliers. Our code is available at https://github.com/goldenNormal/vgod-github.