物体重新识别(REID)是生物识别和监视系统中最重要的问题之一,在过去几十年来通过图像处理和计算机视觉社区进行了广泛的研究。学习强大而判别的特征表示是对象REID的关键挑战。在REID中,基于无人机(UAV)的REID更具挑战性,因为图像的特征是飞行无人机的摄像机参数(例如,视角,海拔等)的连续变化。为了应对这一挑战,已经考虑了多尺度特征表示形式来表征来自不同海拔无人机飞行的图像。在这项工作中,我们提出了一种多任务学习方法,该方法采用新的多尺度体系结构,无卷积,金字塔视觉变压器(PVT),作为基于无人机的对象REID的骨干。通过对类内变化的不确定性建模,我们提出的模型可以使用不确定性感知对象ID和相机ID信息共同优化。实验结果报告了Prai和VRAI,这是两个REID数据集,从空中监视中验证我们提出的方法的有效性
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由于无人驾驶航空公司(无人机)随着越来越多的应用程序变得越来越多,因此无人机中断的潜在风险增加。深度学习的最新发展允许基于视觉的柜台 - 无人机系统用单个相机检测和跟踪无人机。然而,单个摄像机的覆盖范围是有限的,需要需要多色配置以跨越电机匹配UAV - 一个称为重新识别(Reid)的问题。虽然对人和车辆REID已经进行了广泛的研究,以争取时间和观点,但据我们所知,在我们的知识中,在无人机雷德没有研究。无人机挑战重新识别:它们比行人和车辆要小得多,并且它们通常在空气中检测到,所以出现在更大范围内的角度。由于没有UAV数据集目前使用多个摄像机,因此我们提出了第一个新的UAV重新识别数据集,无人机REID,这有助于在该新兴区域开发机器学习解决方案。 UAV-REID有两个设置:临时靠近评估视图的性能,以帮助跟踪框架,并且大到小,以评估跨越规模的REID性能,并在从长途距离检测到无人机时允许早期的REID。我们通过广泛评估不同的REID骨干和损失功能来进行基准研究。我们证明,通过正确的设置,深度网络足够强大,以了解无人机的良好陈述,在时间近的环境中实现81.9%的地图,并在挑战大到小的环境下实现46.5%。此外,我们发现视觉变形金刚是最强大的尺度方差。
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近年来,在全球范围内解决了强大的智能运输系统(ITS)的开发,以通过减少频繁的交通问题来提高交通效率。作为其应用,车辆的重新识别对计算机视觉和机器人技术的领域产生了充足的兴趣。开发了基于卷积的神经网络(CNN)方法来执行车辆重新识别,以应对诸如遮挡,照明变化,规模等的关键挑战。计算机视觉中变形金刚的进步已经为进一步探索重新识别流程提供了机会提高性能。在本文中,开发了一个框架来执行跨CCTV摄像机的车辆的重新识别。为了进行重新识别,提出的框架将使用CNN和变压器模型学习的车辆表示。该框架在一个数据集上进行了测试,该数据集包含在20个CCTV摄像机上观察到的81个独特的车辆身份。从实验中,融合的车辆重新识别框架的地图为61.73%,与独立的CNN或变压器模型相比,该框架的地图明显更好。
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由于其前所未有的优势,在规模,移动,部署和隐蔽观察能力方面,空中平台和成像传感器的快速出现是实现新的空中监测形式。本文从计算机视觉和模式识别的角度来看,全面概述了以人为本的空中监控任务。它旨在为读者提供使用无人机,无人机和其他空中平台的空中监测任务当前状态的深入系统审查和技术分析。感兴趣的主要对象是人类,其中要检测单个或多个受试者,识别,跟踪,重新识别并进行其行为。更具体地,对于这四项任务中的每一个,我们首先讨论与基于地面的设置相比在空中环境中执行这些任务的独特挑战。然后,我们审查和分析公共可用于每项任务的航空数据集,并深入了解航空文学中的方法,并调查他们目前如何应对鸟瞰挑战。我们在讨论缺失差距和开放研究问题的讨论中得出结论,告知未来的研究途径。
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由于其在智能城市和城市监测中的潜在应用,车辆重新ID最近引起了热烈的关注。然而,它遭受了通过观察变化和照明变化引起的大型阶级变化,以及阶级相似性,特别是对于具有类似外观的不同标识。为了处理这些问题,在本文中,我们提出了一种新颖的深度网络架构,其由有意义的属性引导,包括相机视图,车辆类型和用于车辆RE-ID的颜色。特别是,我们的网络是端到端训练的,并包含由相应属性嵌入的深度特征的三个子网(即,相机视图,车辆类型和车辆颜色)。此外,为了克服不同视图的有限载体图像的缺点,我们设计了一个视图指定的生成的对抗性网络来生成多视图车辆图像。对于网络培训,我们在Veri-776数据集上注释了视图标签。请注意,只能使用ID信息直接在其他数据集上直接在其他数据集上采用预先训练的视图(以及类型和颜色)子网,这展示了我们模型的泛化。基准数据集Veri-776和车辆的广泛实验表明,拟议的方法实现了有希望的性能,并对车辆重新ID的新型最先进的性能。
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Person re-identification (Re-ID) aims at retrieving a person of interest across multiple non-overlapping cameras. With the advancement of deep neural networks and increasing demand of intelligent video surveillance, it has gained significantly increased interest in the computer vision community. By dissecting the involved components in developing a person Re-ID system, we categorize it into the closed-world and open-world settings. The widely studied closed-world setting is usually applied under various research-oriented assumptions, and has achieved inspiring success using deep learning techniques on a number of datasets. We first conduct a comprehensive overview with in-depth analysis for closed-world person Re-ID from three different perspectives, including deep feature representation learning, deep metric learning and ranking optimization. With the performance saturation under closed-world setting, the research focus for person Re-ID has recently shifted to the open-world setting, facing more challenging issues. This setting is closer to practical applications under specific scenarios. We summarize the open-world Re-ID in terms of five different aspects. By analyzing the advantages of existing methods, we design a powerful AGW baseline, achieving state-of-the-art or at least comparable performance on twelve datasets for FOUR different Re-ID tasks. Meanwhile, we introduce a new evaluation metric (mINP) for person Re-ID, indicating the cost for finding all the correct matches, which provides an additional criteria to evaluate the Re-ID system for real applications. Finally, some important yet under-investigated open issues are discussed.
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Object re-identification method is made up of backbone network, feature aggregation, and loss function. However, most backbone networks lack a special mechanism to handle rich scale variations and mine discriminative feature representations. In this paper, we firstly design a hierarchical similarity graph module (HSGM) to reduce the conflict of backbone and re-identification networks. The designed HSGM builds a rich hierarchical graph to mine the mapping relationships between global-local and local-local. Secondly, we divide the feature map along with the spatial and channel directions in each hierarchical graph. The HSGM applies the spatial features and channel features extracted from different locations as nodes, respectively, and utilizes the similarity scores between nodes to construct spatial and channel similarity graphs. During the learning process of HSGM, we utilize a learnable parameter to re-optimize the importance of each position, as well as evaluate the correlation between different nodes. Thirdly, we develop a novel hierarchical similarity graph network (HSGNet) by embedding the HSGM in the backbone network. Furthermore, HSGM can be easily embedded into backbone networks of any depth to improve object re-identification ability. Finally, extensive experiments on three large-scale object datasets demonstrate that the proposed HSGNet is superior to state-of-the-art object re-identification approaches.
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从图像中学习代表,健壮和歧视性信息对于有效的人重新识别(RE-ID)至关重要。在本文中,我们提出了一种基于身体和手部图像的人重新ID的端到端判别深度学习的复合方法。我们仔细设计了本地感知的全球注意力网络(Laga-Net),这是一个多分支深度网络架构,由一个用于空间注意力的分支组成,一个用于渠道注意。注意分支集中在图像的相关特征上,同时抑制了无关紧要的背景。为了克服注意力机制的弱点,与像素改组一样,我们将相对位置编码整合到空间注意模块中以捕获像素的空间位置。全球分支机构打算保留全球环境或结构信息。对于打算捕获细粒度信息的本地分支,我们进行统一的分区以水平在Conv-Layer上生成条纹。我们通过执行软分区来检索零件,而无需明确分区图像或需要外部线索,例如姿势估计。一组消融研究表明,每个组件都会有助于提高拉加网络的性能。对四个受欢迎的人体重新ID基准和两个公开可用的手数据集的广泛评估表明,我们的建议方法始终优于现有的最新方法。
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与卷积神经网络(CNN)相比,视觉变压器(VIT)正在变得越来越流行和主导技术。作为计算机视觉中苛刻的技术,VIT已成功解决了各种视觉问题,同时着眼于远程关系。在本文中,我们首先介绍自我注意机制的基本概念和背景。接下来,我们提供了最新表现最好的VIT方法的全面概述,该方法在强度和弱点,计算成本以及培训和测试数据集方面描述。我们彻底比较了流行基准数据集上各种VIT算法和大多数代表性CNN方法的性能。最后,我们通过有见地的观察来探索一些局限性,并提供进一步的研究方向。项目页面以及论文集可通过https://github.com/khawar512/vit-survey获得
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基于无人机(UAV)基于无人机的视觉对象跟踪已实现了广泛的应用,并且由于其多功能性和有效性而引起了智能运输系统领域的越来越多的关注。作为深度学习革命性趋势的新兴力量,暹罗网络在基于无人机的对象跟踪中闪耀,其准确性,稳健性和速度有希望的平衡。由于开发了嵌入式处理器和深度神经网络的逐步优化,暹罗跟踪器获得了广泛的研究并实现了与无人机的初步组合。但是,由于无人机在板载计算资源和复杂的现实情况下,暹罗网络的空中跟踪仍然在许多方面都面临严重的障碍。为了进一步探索基于无人机的跟踪中暹罗网络的部署,这项工作对前沿暹罗跟踪器进行了全面的审查,以及使用典型的无人机板载处理器进行评估的详尽无人用分析。然后,进行板载测试以验证代表性暹罗跟踪器在现实世界无人机部署中的可行性和功效。此外,为了更好地促进跟踪社区的发展,这项工作分析了现有的暹罗跟踪器的局限性,并进行了以低弹片评估表示的其他实验。最后,深入讨论了基于无人机的智能运输系统的暹罗跟踪的前景。领先的暹罗跟踪器的统一框架,即代码库及其实验评估的结果,请访问https://github.com/vision4robotics/siamesetracking4uav。
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In recent years, the Transformer architecture has shown its superiority in the video-based person re-identification task. Inspired by video representation learning, these methods mainly focus on designing modules to extract informative spatial and temporal features. However, they are still limited in extracting local attributes and global identity information, which are critical for the person re-identification task. In this paper, we propose a novel Multi-Stage Spatial-Temporal Aggregation Transformer (MSTAT) with two novel designed proxy embedding modules to address the above issue. Specifically, MSTAT consists of three stages to encode the attribute-associated, the identity-associated, and the attribute-identity-associated information from the video clips, respectively, achieving the holistic perception of the input person. We combine the outputs of all the stages for the final identification. In practice, to save the computational cost, the Spatial-Temporal Aggregation (STA) modules are first adopted in each stage to conduct the self-attention operations along the spatial and temporal dimensions separately. We further introduce the Attribute-Aware and Identity-Aware Proxy embedding modules (AAP and IAP) to extract the informative and discriminative feature representations at different stages. All of them are realized by employing newly designed self-attention operations with specific meanings. Moreover, temporal patch shuffling is also introduced to further improve the robustness of the model. Extensive experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed modules in extracting the informative and discriminative information from the videos, and illustrate the MSTAT can achieve state-of-the-art accuracies on various standard benchmarks.
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许多现有人员的重新识别(RE-ID)方法取决于特征图,这些特征图可以分区以定位一个人的部分或减少以创建全球表示形式。尽管部分定位已显示出显着的成功,但它使用了基于位置的分区或静态特征模板。但是,这些假设假设零件在给定图像或其位置中的先前存在,忽略了特定于图像的信息,这些信息限制了其在挑战性场景中的可用性,例如用部分遮挡和部分探针图像进行重新添加。在本文中,我们介绍了一个基于空间注意力的动态零件模板初始化模块,该模块在主链的早期层中使用中级语义特征动态生成零件序列。遵循自发注意力的层,使用简化的跨注意方案来使用主链的人体部分特征来提取各种人体部位的模板特征,提高整个模型的判别能力。我们进一步探索零件描述符的自适应加权,以量化局部属性的缺失或阻塞,并抑制相应零件描述子对匹配标准的贡献。关于整体,遮挡和部分重新ID任务基准的广泛实验表明,我们提出的架构能够实现竞争性能。代码将包含在补充材料中,并将公开提供。
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人重新识别(RE-ID)在监督场景中取得了巨大成功。但是,由于模型过于适合所见源域,因此很难将监督模型直接传输到任意看不见的域。在本文中,我们旨在从数据增强的角度来解决可推广的多源人员重新ID任务(即,在培训期间看不见测试域,并且在培训期间看不见测试域,因此我们提出了一种新颖的方法,称为Mixnorm,由域感知的混合范围(DMN)和域软件中心正则化(DCR)组成。不同于常规数据增强,提出的域吸引的混合范围化,以增强从神经网络的标准化视图中训练期间特征的多样性,这可以有效地减轻模型过度适应源域,从而提高概括性。在看不见的域中模型的能力。为了更好地学习域不变的模型,我们进一步开发了域吸引的中心正规化,以更好地将产生的各种功能映射到同一空间中。在多个基准数据集上进行的广泛实验验证了所提出的方法的有效性,并表明所提出的方法可以胜过最先进的方法。此外,进一步的分析还揭示了所提出的方法的优越性。
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人员搜索统一人员检测和人重新识别(重新ID),以从全景画廊图像找到查询人员。一个主要挑战来自于不平衡的长尾人身份分布,这可以防止一步人搜索模型学习歧视性人员特征,以获得最终重新识别。但是,探索了如何解决一步人员搜索的重型不平衡的身份分布。设计用于长尾分类任务的技术,例如,图像级重新采样策略很难被有效地应用于与基于检测的多个多个多的人检测和重新ID子任务共同解决人员检测和重新ID子任务 - 框架框架。为了解决这个问题,我们提出了一个子任务主导的传输学习(STL)方法。 STL方法解决了主导的重新ID子批次的预测阶段的长尾问题,并通过转移学习来改善普试模型的一步人搜索。我们进一步设计了一个多级ROI融合池层,以提高一步人搜索的人特征的辨别能力。 Cuhk-Sysu和Prw Datasets的广泛实验证明了该方法的优越性和有效性。
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近年来,随着对公共安全的需求越来越多,智能监测网络的快速发展,人员重新识别(RE-ID)已成为计算机视野领域的热门研究主题之一。人员RE-ID的主要研究目标是从不同的摄像机中检索具有相同身份的人。但是,传统的人重新ID方法需要手动标记人的目标,这消耗了大量的劳动力成本。随着深度神经网络的广泛应用,出现了许多基于深入的基于学习的人物的方法。因此,本文促进研究人员了解最新的研究成果和该领域的未来趋势。首先,我们总结了对几个最近公布的人的研究重新ID调查,并补充了系统地分类基于深度学习的人的重新ID方法的最新研究方法。其次,我们提出了一种多维分类,根据度量标准和表示学习,将基于深度学习的人的重新ID方法分为四类,包括深度度量学习,本地特征学习,生成的对抗学习和序列特征学习的方法。此外,我们根据其方法和动机来细分以上四类,讨论部分子类别的优缺点。最后,我们讨论了一些挑战和可能的研究方向的人重新ID。
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Person re-identification is a challenging task because of the high intra-class variance induced by the unrestricted nuisance factors of variations such as pose, illumination, viewpoint, background, and sensor noise. Recent approaches postulate that powerful architectures have the capacity to learn feature representations invariant to nuisance factors, by training them with losses that minimize intra-class variance and maximize inter-class separation, without modeling nuisance factors explicitly. The dominant approaches use either a discriminative loss with margin, like the softmax loss with the additive angular margin, or a metric learning loss, like the triplet loss with batch hard mining of triplets. Since the softmax imposes feature normalization, it limits the gradient flow supervising the feature embedding. We address this by joining the losses and leveraging the triplet loss as a proxy for the missing gradients. We further improve invariance to nuisance factors by adding the discriminative task of predicting attributes. Our extensive evaluation highlights that when only a holistic representation is learned, we consistently outperform the state-of-the-art on the three most challenging datasets. Such representations are easier to deploy in practical systems. Finally, we found that joining the losses removes the requirement for having a margin in the softmax loss while increasing performance.
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In the current person Re-identification (ReID) methods, most domain generalization works focus on dealing with style differences between domains while largely ignoring unpredictable camera view change, which we identify as another major factor leading to a poor generalization of ReID methods. To tackle the viewpoint change, this work proposes to use a 3D dense pose estimation model and a texture mapping module to map the pedestrian images to canonical view images. Due to the imperfection of the texture mapping module, the canonical view images may lose the discriminative detail clues from the original images, and thus directly using them for ReID will inevitably result in poor performance. To handle this issue, we propose to fuse the original image and canonical view image via a transformer-based module. The key insight of this design is that the cross-attention mechanism in the transformer could be an ideal solution to align the discriminative texture clues from the original image with the canonical view image, which could compensate for the low-quality texture information of the canonical view image. Through extensive experiments, we show that our method can lead to superior performance over the existing approaches in various evaluation settings.
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Person re-identification plays a significant role in realistic scenarios due to its various applications in public security and video surveillance. Recently, leveraging the supervised or semi-unsupervised learning paradigms, which benefits from the large-scale datasets and strong computing performance, has achieved a competitive performance on a specific target domain. However, when Re-ID models are directly deployed in a new domain without target samples, they always suffer from considerable performance degradation and poor domain generalization. To address this challenge, we propose a Deep Multimodal Fusion network to elaborate rich semantic knowledge for assisting in representation learning during the pre-training. Importantly, a multimodal fusion strategy is introduced to translate the features of different modalities into the common space, which can significantly boost generalization capability of Re-ID model. As for the fine-tuning stage, a realistic dataset is adopted to fine-tune the pre-trained model for better distribution alignment with real-world data. Comprehensive experiments on benchmarks demonstrate that our method can significantly outperform previous domain generalization or meta-learning methods with a clear margin. Our source code will also be publicly available at https://github.com/JeremyXSC/DMF.
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人重新识别(人REID)模型的现有评估指标着重于系统范围的性能。但是,我们的研究揭示了由于摄像机之间的数据分布不平的弱点和将REID系统暴露于剥削的不同摄像头性能。在这项工作中,我们提出了长期以来的摄像机性能不平衡问题,并从38个摄像机中收集了现实世界中的隐私意识数据集,以帮助研究不平衡问题。我们提出了新的指标来量化摄像机性能不平衡,并进一步提出了对抗性成对的反向关注(APRA)模块,以指导模型学习摄像机不变特征,并具有新颖的成对注意反转机制。
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计算机视觉任务可以从估计突出物区域和这些对象区域之间的相互作用中受益。识别对象区域涉及利用预借鉴模型来执行对象检测,对象分割和/或对象姿势估计。但是,由于以下原因,在实践中不可行:1)预用模型的训练数据集的对象类别可能不会涵盖一般计算机视觉任务的所有对象类别,2)佩戴型模型训练数据集之间的域间隙并且目标任务的数据集可能会影响性能,3)预磨模模型中存在的偏差和方差可能泄漏到导致无意中偏置的目标模型的目标任务中。为了克服这些缺点,我们建议利用一系列视频帧捕获一组公共对象和它们之间的相互作用的公共基本原理,因此视频帧特征之间的共分割的概念可以用自动的能力装配模型专注于突出区域,以最终的方式提高潜在的任务的性能。在这方面,我们提出了一种称为“共分割激活模块”(COSAM)的通用模块,其可以被插入任何CNN,以促进基于CNN的任何CNN的概念在一系列视频帧特征中的关注。我们在三个基于视频的任务中展示Cosam的应用即1)基于视频的人Re-ID,2)视频字幕分类,并证明COSAM能够在视频帧中捕获突出区域,从而引导对于显着的性能改进以及可解释的关注图。
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