Systemic Lupus红斑(SLU)是一种自身免疫性疾病,其中患者的免疫系统开始攻击身体的健康组织。狼疮肾炎(LN)是指由于这些攻击而导致肾脏组织的炎症导致肾功能衰竭。国际肾病学会/肾病学会(ISN / RPS)已释放了基于在SLE肾损伤期间观察到的各种模式的分类系统。传统方法需要对肾活检的细致病理学评估,并且是耗时的。最近,计算技术有助于通过使用虚拟显微镜或整个幻灯片成像(WSI)来缓解该问题。随着深度学习和现代计算机视觉技术的使用,我们提出了一种能够自动化的流水线,其能够使用提取的肾小球特征检测这些整个幻灯片图像中的各种幻灯片图案的过程和2)。
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Deep learning (DL) analysis of Chest X-ray (CXR) and Computed tomography (CT) images has garnered a lot of attention in recent times due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are well suited for the image analysis tasks when trained on humongous amounts of data. Applications developed for medical image analysis require high sensitivity and precision compared to any other fields. Most of the tools proposed for detection of COVID-19 claims to have high sensitivity and recalls but have failed to generalize and perform when tested on unseen datasets. This encouraged us to develop a CNN model, analyze and understand the performance of it by visualizing the predictions of the model using class activation maps generated using (Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping) Grad-CAM technique. This study provides a detailed discussion of the success and failure of the proposed model at an image level. Performance of the model is compared with state-of-the-art DL models and shown to be comparable. The data and code used are available at https://github.com/aleesuss/c19.
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早期发现视网膜疾病是预防患者部分或永久失明的最重要手段之一。在这项研究中,提出了一种新型的多标签分类系统,用于使用从各种来源收集的眼底图像来检测多种视网膜疾病。首先,使用许多公开可用的数据集来构建一个新的多标签视网膜疾病数据集,即梅里德数据集。接下来,应用了一系列后处理步骤,以确保图像数据的质量和数据集中存在的疾病范围。在眼底多标签疾病分类中,首次通过大量实验优化的基于变压器的模型用于图像分析和决策。进行了许多实验以优化所提出的系统的配置。结果表明,在疾病检测和疾病分类方面,该方法的性能比在同一任务上的最先进作品要好7.9%和8.1%。获得的结果进一步支持了基于变压器的架构在医学成像领域的潜在应用。
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In this paper, deep-learning-based approaches namely fine-tuning of pretrained convolutional neural networks (VGG16 and VGG19), and end-to-end training of a developed CNN model, have been used in order to classify X-Ray images into four different classes that include COVID-19, normal, opacity and pneumonia cases. A dataset containing more than 20,000 X-ray scans was retrieved from Kaggle and used in this experiment. A two-stage classification approach was implemented to be compared to the one-shot classification approach. Our hypothesis was that a two-stage model will be able to achieve better performance than a one-shot model. Our results show otherwise as VGG16 achieved 95% accuracy using one-shot approach over 5-fold of training. Future work will focus on a more robust implementation of the two-stage classification model Covid-TSC. The main improvement will be allowing data to flow from the output of stage-1 to the input of stage-2, where stage-1 and stage-2 models are VGG16 models fine-tuned on the Covid-19 dataset.
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为了确保全球粮食安全和利益相关者的总体利润,正确检测和分类植物疾病的重要性至关重要。在这方面,基于深度学习的图像分类的出现引入了大量解决方案。但是,这些解决方案在低端设备中的适用性需要快速,准确和计算廉价的系统。这项工作提出了一种基于轻巧的转移学习方法,用于从番茄叶中检测疾病。它利用一种有效的预处理方法来增强具有照明校正的叶片图像,以改善分类。我们的系统使用组合模型来提取功能,该模型由预审计的MobilenETV2体系结构和分类器网络组成,以进行有效的预测。传统的增强方法被运行时的增加取代,以避免数据泄漏并解决类不平衡问题。来自PlantVillage数据集的番茄叶图像的评估表明,所提出的体系结构可实现99.30%的精度,型号大小为9.60mb和4.87亿个浮点操作,使其成为低端设备中现实生活的合适选择。我们的代码和型号可在https://github.com/redwankarimsony/project-tomato中找到。
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The chest X-ray is one of the most commonly accessible radiological examinations for screening and diagnosis of many lung diseases. A tremendous number of X-ray imaging studies accompanied by radiological reports are accumulated and stored in many modern hospitals' Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS). On the other side, it is still an open question how this type of hospital-size knowledge database containing invaluable imaging informatics (i.e., loosely labeled) can be used to facilitate the data-hungry deep learning paradigms in building truly large-scale high precision computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems.In this paper, we present a new chest X-ray database, namely "ChestX-ray8", which comprises 108,948 frontalview X-ray images of 32,717 unique patients with the textmined eight disease image labels (where each image can have multi-labels), from the associated radiological reports using natural language processing. Importantly, we demonstrate that these commonly occurring thoracic diseases can be detected and even spatially-located via a unified weaklysupervised multi-label image classification and disease localization framework, which is validated using our proposed dataset. Although the initial quantitative results are promising as reported, deep convolutional neural network based "reading chest X-rays" (i.e., recognizing and locating the common disease patterns trained with only image-level labels) remains a strenuous task for fully-automated high precision CAD systems.
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癫痫是在4000年全球出现回来的最常见的神经系统疾病之一。这几天它会影响大约5000万人的人。这种疾病的特征是复发癫痫发作。在过去的几十年里,可用于癫痫发作控制的治疗方法已经提高了很多关于医学技术领域的进步。脑电图(EEG)是一种广泛使用的技术,用于监测大脑活动,广泛流行的癫痫发作区域检测。它在手术前进行,并且还在在神经刺激装置中可用的时间操作预测癫痫发作。但在大多数情况下,视觉检查是通过神经病学家进行的,以检测和分类疾病的模式,但这需要大量的域名知识和经验。这一切依次对神经外部产生压力,并导致时间浪费,并降低了他们的准确性和效率。需要一些在信息技术领域的自动化系统,例如在深度学习中使用神经网络,可以帮助神经根学家。在本文中,提出了一种模型,可提供98.33%的准确性,可用于开发自动化系统。发达的系统将显着帮助神经科学家的表现。
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In this era of pandemic, the future of healthcare industry has never been more exciting. Artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI & ML) present opportunities to develop solutions that cater for very specific needs within the industry. Deep learning in healthcare had become incredibly powerful for supporting clinics and in transforming patient care in general. Deep learning is increasingly being applied for the detection of clinically important features in the images beyond what can be perceived by the naked human eye. Chest X-ray images are one of the most common clinical method for diagnosing a number of diseases such as pneumonia, lung cancer and many other abnormalities like lesions and fractures. Proper diagnosis of a disease from X-ray images is often challenging task for even expert radiologists and there is a growing need for computerized support systems due to the large amount of information encoded in X-Ray images. The goal of this paper is to develop a lightweight solution to detect 14 different chest conditions from an X ray image. Given an X-ray image as input, our classifier outputs a label vector indicating which of 14 disease classes does the image fall into. Along with the image features, we are also going to use non-image features available in the data such as X-ray view type, age, gender etc. The original study conducted Stanford ML Group is our base line. Original study focuses on predicting 5 diseases. Our aim is to improve upon previous work, expand prediction to 14 diseases and provide insight for future chest radiography research.
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糖尿病足溃疡分类系统使用伤口感染(伤口内的细菌)和缺血(限制血供给)作为重要的临床指标治疗和预测伤口愈合。研究使用自动化计算机化方法在糖尿病足伤中使用自动化计算机化方法的使用和缺血的使用是有限的,这是有限的,因为存在的公开可用数据集和严重数据不平衡存在。糖尿病脚溃疡挑战2021提供了一种具有更大量数据集的参与者,其总共包括15,683只糖尿病足溃疡贴剂,用于训练5,734,用于测试,额外的3,994个未标记的贴片,以促进半监督和弱的发展 - 监督深度学习技巧。本文提供了对糖尿病足溃疡攻击2021中使用的方法的评估,并总结了从每个网络获得的结果。最佳性能的网络是前3种型号的结果的集合,宏观平均F1分数为0.6307。
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由于缺乏自动注释系统,大多数发展城市的城市机构都是数字未标记的。因此,在此类城市中,位置和轨迹服务(例如Google Maps,Uber等)仍然不足。自然场景图像中的准确招牌检测是从此类城市街道检索无错误的信息的最重要任务。然而,开发准确的招牌本地化系统仍然是尚未解决的挑战,因为它的外观包括文本图像和令人困惑的背景。我们提出了一种新型的对象检测方法,该方法可以自动检测招牌,适合此类城市。我们通过合并两种专业预处理方法和一种运行时效高参数值选择算法来使用更快的基于R-CNN的定位。我们采用了一种增量方法,通过使用我们构造的SVSO(Street View Signboard对象)签名板数据集,通过详细评估和与基线进行比较,以达到最终提出的方法,这些方法包含六个发展中国家的自然场景图像。我们在SVSO数据集和Open Image数据集上展示了我们提出的方法的最新性能。我们提出的方法可以准确地检测招牌(即使图像包含多种形状和颜色的多种嘈杂背景的招牌)在SVSO独立测试集上达到0.90 MAP(平均平均精度)得分。我们的实施可在以下网址获得:https://github.com/sadrultoaha/signboard-detection
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乳腺癌是女性最常见的恶性肿瘤,每年负责超过50万人死亡。因此,早期和准确的诊断至关重要。人类专业知识是诊断和正确分类乳腺癌并定义适当的治疗,这取决于评价不同生物标志物如跨膜蛋白受体HER2的表达。该评估需要几个步骤,包括免疫组织化学或原位杂交等特殊技术,以评估HER2状态。通过降低诊断中的步骤和人类偏差的次数的目标,赫洛挑战是组织的,作为第16届欧洲数字病理大会的并行事件,旨在自动化仅基于苏木精和曙红染色的HER2地位的评估侵袭性乳腺癌的组织样本。评估HER2状态的方法是在全球21个团队中提出的,并通过一些提议的方法实现了潜在的观点,以推进最先进的。
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计算机愿景中的分类问题很常见。尽管如此,啤酒瓶的分类没有专门的工作。作为主课程深度学习挑战的一部分,创建了一个5207啤酒瓶图像和品牌标签的数据集。图像恰好包含一个啤酒瓶。在本文中,我们提出了一个深入的学习模式,将啤酒瓶的图片分为两步的方法。作为第一步,Faster-R-CNN检测与品牌独立于分类相关的图像部分。在第二步中,相关图像部分由Reset-18分类。具有最高置信度的图像部分作为类标签返回。我们提出了一种模型,我们超越了经典的一步转移学习方法,并在最终测试数据集的挑战期间达到了99.86%的准确性。在挑战结束后,我们能够达到100%的准确性
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Computer tomography (CT) have been routinely used for the diagnosis of lung diseases and recently, during the pandemic, for detecting the infectivity and severity of COVID-19 disease. One of the major concerns in using ma-chine learning (ML) approaches for automatic processing of CT scan images in clinical setting is that these methods are trained on limited and biased sub-sets of publicly available COVID-19 data. This has raised concerns regarding the generalizability of these models on external datasets, not seen by the model during training. To address some of these issues, in this work CT scan images from confirmed COVID-19 data obtained from one of the largest public repositories, COVIDx CT 2A were used for training and internal vali-dation of machine learning models. For the external validation we generated Indian-COVID-19 CT dataset, an open-source repository containing 3D CT volumes and 12096 chest CT images from 288 COVID-19 patients from In-dia. Comparative performance evaluation of four state-of-the-art machine learning models, viz., a lightweight convolutional neural network (CNN), and three other CNN based deep learning (DL) models such as VGG-16, ResNet-50 and Inception-v3 in classifying CT images into three classes, viz., normal, non-covid pneumonia, and COVID-19 is carried out on these two datasets. Our analysis showed that the performance of all the models is comparable on the hold-out COVIDx CT 2A test set with 90% - 99% accuracies (96% for CNN), while on the external Indian-COVID-19 CT dataset a drop in the performance is observed for all the models (8% - 19%). The traditional ma-chine learning model, CNN performed the best on the external dataset (accu-racy 88%) in comparison to the deep learning models, indicating that a light-weight CNN is better generalizable on unseen data. The data and code are made available at https://github.com/aleesuss/c19.
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机器学习和深度学习方法对医学的计算机辅助预测成为必需的,在乳房X光检查领域也具有越来越多的应用。通常,这些算法训练,针对特定任务,例如,病变的分类或乳房X乳线图的病理学状态的预测。为了获得患者的综合视图,随后整合或组合所有针对同一任务培训的模型。在这项工作中,我们提出了一种管道方法,我们首先培训一组个人,任务特定的模型,随后调查其融合,与标准模型合并策略相反。我们使用混合患者模型的深度学习模型融合模型预测和高级功能,以在患者水平上构建更强的预测因子。为此,我们提出了一种多分支深度学习模型,其跨不同任务和乳房X光检查有效地融合了功能,以获得全面的患者级预测。我们在公共乳房X线摄影数据,即DDSM及其策划版本CBIS-DDSM上培训并评估我们的全部管道,并报告AUC评分为0.962,以预测任何病变和0.791的存在,以预测患者水平对恶性病变的存在。总体而言,与标准模型合并相比,我们的融合方法将显着提高AUC得分高达0.04。此外,通过提供与放射功能相关的特定于任务的模型结果,提供了与放射性特征相关的任务特定模型结果,我们的管道旨在密切支持放射科学家的阅读工作流程。
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通过研究视网膜生物结构的进展,可以识别眼病的存在和严重性是可行的。眼底检查是检查眼睛的生物结构和异常的诊断程序。诸如青光眼,糖尿病性视网膜病和白内障等眼科疾病是世界各地视觉障碍的主要原因。眼疾病智能识别(ODIR-5K)是研究人员用于多标签的多份多疾病分类的基准结构底面图像数据集。这项工作提出了一个歧视性内核卷积网络(DKCNET),该网络探讨了歧视区域的特征,而无需增加额外的计算成本。 DKCNET由注意力块组成,然后是挤压和激发(SE)块。注意块从主干网络中获取功能,并生成歧视性特征注意图。 SE块采用区分特征图并改善了通道相互依赖性。使用InceptionResnet骨干网络观察到DKCNET的更好性能,用于具有96.08 AUC,94.28 F1-SCORE和0.81 KAPPA得分的ODIR-5K底面图像的多标签分类。所提出的方法根据诊断关键字将通用目标标签拆分为眼对。基于这些标签,进行了过采样和不足采样以解决阶级失衡。为了检查拟议模型对培训数据的偏见,对ODIR数据集进行了训练的模型将在三个公开可用的基准数据集上进行测试。发现它在完全看不见的底面图像上也具有良好的性能。
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Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a degenerative disorder affecting the macula, a key area of the retina for visual acuity. Nowadays, it is the most frequent cause of blindness in developed countries. Although some promising treatments have been developed, their effectiveness is low in advanced stages. This emphasizes the importance of large-scale screening programs. Nevertheless, implementing such programs for AMD is usually unfeasible, since the population at risk is large and the diagnosis is challenging. All this motivates the development of automatic methods. In this sense, several works have achieved positive results for AMD diagnosis using convolutional neural networks (CNNs). However, none incorporates explainability mechanisms, which limits their use in clinical practice. In that regard, we propose an explainable deep learning approach for the diagnosis of AMD via the joint identification of its associated retinal lesions. In our proposal, a CNN is trained end-to-end for the joint task using image-level labels. The provided lesion information is of clinical interest, as it allows to assess the developmental stage of AMD. Additionally, the approach allows to explain the diagnosis from the identified lesions. This is possible thanks to the use of a CNN with a custom setting that links the lesions and the diagnosis. Furthermore, the proposed setting also allows to obtain coarse lesion segmentation maps in a weakly-supervised way, further improving the explainability. The training data for the approach can be obtained without much extra work by clinicians. The experiments conducted demonstrate that our approach can identify AMD and its associated lesions satisfactorily, while providing adequate coarse segmentation maps for most common lesions.
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乳腺癌是女性可能发生的最严重的癌症之一。通过分析组织学图像(HIS)来自动诊断乳腺癌对患者及其预后很重要。他的分类为临床医生提供了对疾病的准确了解,并使他们可以更有效地治疗患者。深度学习(DL)方法已成功地用于各种领域,尤其是医学成像,因为它们有能力自动提取功能。这项研究旨在使用他的乳腺癌对不同类型的乳腺癌进行分类。在这项研究中,我们提出了一个增强的胶囊网络,该网络使用RES2NET块和四个额外的卷积层提取多尺度特征。此外,由于使用了小的卷积内核和RES2NET块,因此所提出的方法具有较少的参数。结果,新方法的表现优于旧方法,因为它会自动学习最佳功能。测试结果表明该模型的表现优于先前的DL方法。
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PD,PD,PD,是一种影响运动技能的慢性病,​​包括震颤和刚度等症状。目前的诊断程序使用患者评估来评估症状,有时是磁共振成像或MRI扫描。然而,症状变异导致评估不准确,MRI扫描的分析需要经验丰富的专家。本研究建议通过将症状数据和MRI数据与Parkinsons进展标记倡议数据库组合来准确地诊断PD严重程度。实施了一种新的混合模型架构,以充分利用两种形式的临床数据,以及基于仅症状的模型,并且还开发了MRI扫描。基于症状的模型集成了完全连接的深度学习神经网络,MRI扫描与混合模型集成了基于转移学习的卷积神经网络。所有型号诊断患者诊断为五个严重性类别,而不是表现为五个严重性类别,而是代表患者的阶段和阶段4和五个代表PD患者。仅症状,仅限MRI扫描,以及分别达到0.77,0.68和0.94的精度。混合模型还具有高精度,召回评估分数为0.94和0.95。真正的临床病例确认了杂种的强烈性能,其中患者用两种其他模型进行错误分类,但通过混合动力正确地进行分类。它在五个严重性阶段也一致,表明早期检测准确。这是第一个将症状数据和MRI扫描在这种大规模上与机器学习方法结合的报告。
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人工智能(AI)技术具有重要潜力,可以实现有效,鲁棒和自动的图像表型,包括识别细微图案。基于AI的检测搜索图像空间基于模式和特征来找到兴趣区域。存在一种良性的肿瘤组织学,可以通过使用图像特征的基于AI的分类方法来识别。图像从图像中提取可用于的可覆盖方式,可以通过显式(手工/工程化)和深度辐射谱系框架来探索途径。辐射瘤分析有可能用作非侵入性技术,以准确表征肿瘤,以改善诊断和治疗监测。这项工作介绍基于AI的技术,专注于肿瘤宠物和PET / CT成像,用于不同的检测,分类和预测/预测任务。我们还讨论了所需的努力,使AI技术转换为常规临床工作流程,以及潜在的改进和互补技术,例如在电子健康记录和神经象征性AI技术上使用自然语言处理。
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计算机断层扫描(CT)图像对于诊断疾病已经非常重要。 CT扫描切片包含大量数据,可以使用正常的视觉检查使用必要的精度和速度来正确检查这些数据。需要计算机辅助的头骨骨折分类专家系统来协助医生。卷积神经网络(CNN)是图像分类最广泛的深度学习模型,因为在准确性和结果方面,它们通常超过其他模型。然后开发和测试CNN模型,并比较了几个卷积神经网络(CNN)结构。 RESNET50用于功能提取,并结合梯度提升的决策树机学习算法,可作为分类器分类的分类器,从脑CT扫描分为三个骨折类别,具有96%的最佳整体F1级评分,均为96%对于颅骨骨折的分类,得分为95%,平衡精度得分为94%,ROC AUC曲线为96%。
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