Most existing 3D point cloud object detection approaches heavily rely on large amounts of labeled training data. However, the labeling process is costly and time-consuming. This paper considers few-shot 3D point cloud object detection, where only a few annotated samples of novel classes are needed with abundant samples of base classes. To this end, we propose Prototypical VoteNet to recognize and localize novel instances, which incorporates two new modules: Prototypical Vote Module (PVM) and Prototypical Head Module (PHM). Specifically, as the 3D basic geometric structures can be shared among categories, PVM is designed to leverage class-agnostic geometric prototypes, which are learned from base classes, to refine local features of novel categories.Then PHM is proposed to utilize class prototypes to enhance the global feature of each object, facilitating subsequent object localization and classification, which is trained by the episodic training strategy. To evaluate the model in this new setting, we contribute two new benchmark datasets, FS-ScanNet and FS-SUNRGBD. We conduct extensive experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness of Prototypical VoteNet, and our proposed method shows significant and consistent improvements compared to baselines on two benchmark datasets.

即使在几个例子中，人类能够学会识别新物品。相比之下，培训基于深度学习的对象探测器需要大量的注释数据。为避免需求获取和注释这些大量数据，但很少拍摄的对象检测旨在从目标域中的新类别的少数对象实例中学习。在本调查中，我们在几次拍摄对象检测中概述了本领域的状态。我们根据培训方案和建筑布局分类方法。对于每种类型的方法，我们描述了一般的实现以及提高新型类别性能的概念。在适当的情况下，我们在这些概念上给出短暂的外卖，以突出最好的想法。最终，我们介绍了常用的数据集及其评估协议，并分析了报告的基准结果。因此，我们强调了评估中的共同挑战，并确定了这种新兴对象检测领域中最有前景的电流趋势。

Conventional methods for object detection typically require a substantial amount of training data and preparing such high-quality training data is very labor-intensive. In this paper, we propose a novel few-shot object detection network that aims at detecting objects of unseen categories with only a few annotated examples. Central to our method are our Attention-RPN, Multi-Relation Detector and Contrastive Training strategy, which exploit the similarity between the few shot support set and query set to detect novel objects while suppressing false detection in the background. To train our network, we contribute a new dataset that contains 1000 categories of various objects with high-quality annotations. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first datasets specifically designed for few-shot object detection. Once our few-shot network is trained, it can detect objects of unseen categories without further training or finetuning. Our method is general and has a wide range of potential applications. We produce a new state-of-the-art performance on different datasets in the few-shot setting. The dataset link is https://github.com/fanq15/Few-Shot-Object-Detection-Dataset.

通过将元学习纳入基于区域的检测框架中，很少有射击对象检测经过广泛的研究。尽管取得了成功，但所述范式仍然受到几个因素的限制，例如（i）新型类别的低质量区域建议以及（ii）不同类别之间的类间相关性的过失。这种限制阻碍了基础知识的概括，以检测新型级别对象。在这项工作中，我们设计了元数据，（i）是第一个图像级的少量检测器，（ii）引入了一种新颖的类间相关元学习策略，以捕获和利用不同类别之间的相关性的相关性稳健而准确的几个射击对象检测。 meta-detr完全在图像级别工作，没有任何区域建议，这规避了普遍的几杆检测框架中不准确的建议的约束。此外，引入的相关元学习使元数据能够同时参加单个进料中的多个支持类别，从而可以捕获不同类别之间的类间相关性，从而大大降低了相似类别的错误分类并增强知识概括性参加新颖的课程。对多个射击对象检测基准进行的实验表明，所提出的元元删除优于大幅度的最先进方法。实施代码可在https://github.com/zhanggongjie/meta-detr上获得。

少量对象检测（FSOD）旨在使用少数示例来检测从未见过的对象。通过学习如何在查询图像和少量拍摄类示例之间进行匹配，因此可以通过学习如何匹配来实现最近的改进，使得学习模型可以概括为几滴新颖的类。然而，目前，大多数基于元学习的方法分别在查询图像区域（通常是提议）和新颖类之间执行成对匹配，因此无法考虑它们之间的多个关系。在本文中，我们使用异构图卷积网络提出了一种新颖的FSOD模型。通过具有三种不同类型的边缘的所有提议和类节点之间的有效消息，我们可以获得每个类的上下文感知提案功能和查询 - 自适应，多包子增强型原型表示，这可能有助于促进成对匹配和改进的最终决赛FSOD精度。广泛的实验结果表明，我们所提出的模型表示为QA的Qa-Netwet，优于不同拍摄和评估指标下的Pascal VOC和MSCOCO FSOD基准测试的当前最先进的方法。

Conventional training of a deep CNN based object detector demands a large number of bounding box annotations, which may be unavailable for rare categories. In this work we develop a few-shot object detector that can learn to detect novel objects from only a few annotated examples. Our proposed model leverages fully labeled base classes and quickly adapts to novel classes, using a meta feature learner and a reweighting module within a one-stage detection architecture. The feature learner extracts meta features that are generalizable to detect novel object classes, using training data from base classes with sufficient samples. The reweighting module transforms a few support examples from the novel classes to a global vector that indicates the importance or relevance of meta features for detecting the corresponding objects. These two modules, together with a detection prediction module, are trained end-to-end based on an episodic few-shot learning scheme and a carefully designed loss function. Through extensive experiments we demonstrate that our model outperforms well-established baselines by a large margin for few-shot object detection, on multiple datasets and settings. We also present analysis on various aspects of our proposed model, aiming to provide some inspiration for future few-shot detection works.

少量对象检测（FSOD）旨在仅使用几个例子来检测对象。如何将最先进的对象探测器适应几个拍摄域保持挑战性。对象提案是现代物体探测器中的关键成分。然而，使用现有方法对于几张拍摄类生成的提案质量远远差，而不是许多拍摄类，例如，由于错误分类或不准确的空间位置而导致的少量拍摄类丢失的框。为了解决嘈杂的提案问题，我们通过联合优化几次提案生成和细粒度的少量提案分类，提出了一种新的Meta学习的FSOD模型。为了提高几张拍摄类的提议生成，我们建议学习基于轻量级的公制学习的原型匹配网络，而不是传统的简单线性对象/非目标分类器，例如，在RPN中使用。我们具有特征融合网络的非线性分类器可以提高鉴别性原型匹配和少拍摄类的提案回忆。为了提高细粒度的少量提案分类，我们提出了一种新的细节特征对准方法，以解决嘈杂的提案和少量拍摄类之间的空间未对准，从而提高了几次对象检测的性能。同时，我们学习一个单独的R-CNN检测头，用于多射击基础类，并表现出维护基础课程知识的强大性能。我们的模型在大多数射击和指标上实现了多个FSOD基准的最先进的性能。

几乎没有射击的对象检测（FSOD）旨在对新类别的几幅图像进行分类和检测。现有的元学习方法由于结构限制而在支持和查询图像之间的功能不足。我们提出了一个层次的注意网络，该网络具有依次大的接收场，以充分利用查询和支持图像。此外，元学习不能很好地区分类别，因为它决定了支持和查询图像是否匹配。换句话说，基于度量的分类学习是无效的，因为它不直接起作用。因此，我们提出了一种称为元对抗性学习的对比学习方法，该方法直接有助于实现元学习策略的目的。最后，我们通过实现明显的利润来建立一个新的最新网络。我们的方法带来了2.3、1.0、1.3、3.4和2.4 \％\％\％AP的改进，可在可可数据集上进行1-30张对象检测。我们的代码可在以下网址找到：https：//github.com/infinity7428/hanmcl

从点云中检测3D对象是一项实用但充满挑战的任务，最近引起了越来越多的关注。在本文中，我们提出了针对3D对象检测的标签引导辅助训练方法（LG3D），该方法是增强现有3D对象检测器的功能学习的辅助网络。具体而言，我们提出了两个新型模块：一个标签 - 通道诱导器，该模块诱导器将框架中的注释和点云映射到特定于任务的表示形式和一个标签 - 知识式插曲器，该标签知识映射器有助于获得原始特征以获得检测临界表示。提出的辅助网络被推理丢弃，因此在测试时间没有额外的计算成本。我们对室内和室外数据集进行了广泛的实验，以验证我们的方法的有效性。例如，我们拟议的LG3D分别在SUN RGB-D和SCANNETV2数据集上将投票人员分别提高了2.5％和3.1％的地图。

Current 3D object detection methods are heavily influenced by 2D detectors. In order to leverage architectures in 2D detectors, they often convert 3D point clouds to regular grids (i.e., to voxel grids or to bird's eye view images), or rely on detection in 2D images to propose 3D boxes. Few works have attempted to directly detect objects in point clouds. In this work, we return to first principles to construct a 3D detection pipeline for point cloud data and as generic as possible. However, due to the sparse nature of the data -samples from 2D manifolds in 3D space -we face a major challenge when directly predicting bounding box parameters from scene points: a 3D object centroid can be far from any surface point thus hard to regress accurately in one step. To address the challenge, we propose VoteNet, an end-to-end 3D object detection network based on a synergy of deep point set networks and Hough voting. Our model achieves state-of-the-art 3D detection on two large datasets of real 3D scans, ScanNet and SUN RGB-D with a simple design, compact model size and high efficiency. Remarkably, VoteNet outperforms previous methods by using purely geometric information without relying on color images.

3D对象检测通过将点云作为唯一的输入来取得了显着的进展。但是，点云通常遭受不完整的几何结构和缺乏语义信息，这使得检测器难以准确地对检测到的对象进行分类。在这项工作中，我们专注于如何有效利用来自图像的对象级信息来提高基于点的3D检测器的性能。我们提出DEMF，这是一种简单而有效的方法，将图像信息融合到点特征中。给定一组点特征和图像特征图，DEMF通过将3D点的投影2D位置作为参考来自适应地汇总图像特征。我们在挑战性的Sun RGB-D数据集上评估了我们的方法，从而提高了最新的结果（+2.1 map@0.25和+2.3map@0.5）。代码可从https://github.com/haoy945/demf获得。

几次射击对象检测的大多数现有方法都遵循微调范式，该范式可能假设可以通过众多样本的基本类别学习并将其隐式转移到具有限量样本的新颖类中，从而将类别的概括性知识隐含地转移到有限的类别中。舞台培训策略。但是，这不一定是正确的，因为对象检测器几乎无法在没有明确的建模的情况下自动区分类别不合时宜的知识和特定于类的知识。在这项工作中，我们建议在基础和新颖类之间学习三种类型的类不足的共同点：与识别相关的语义共同点，与定位相关的语义共同点和分布共同点。我们基于内存库设计了一个统一的蒸馏框架，该框架能够共同有效地进行所有三种类型的共同点。广泛的实验表明，我们的方法可以很容易地集成到大多数现有的基于微调的方法中，并始终如一地通过大幅度提高性能。

由于元学习策略的成功，几次对象检测迅速进展。然而，现有方法中的微调阶段的要求是时间分子，并且显着阻碍了其在实时应用中的使用，例如对低功耗机器人的自主勘探。为了解决这个问题，我们展示了一个全新的架构，Airdet，它通过学习级别与支持图像的无政府主义关系没有微调。具体地，我们提出了一种支持引导的串级（SCS）特征融合网络来生成对象提案，用于拍摄聚合的全局本地关系网络（GLR），以及基于关系的基本嵌入网络（R-PEN），用于精确本土化。令人惊讶的是，在Coco和Pascal VOC数据集上进行详尽的实验，旨在达到比详尽的Fineetuned方法相当或更好的结果，达到基线的提高高达40-60％。为了我们的兴奋，Airdet在多尺度对象，尤其是小型物体上获得有利性能。此外，我们提出了来自DARPA地下挑战的实际勘探测试的评估结果，这强烈验证了机器人中AIRDET的可行性。将公开源代码，预先训练的模型以及真实世界的勘探数据。

对象检测是计算机视觉和图像处理中的基本任务。基于深度学习的对象探测器非常成功，具有丰富的标记数据。但在现实生活中，它不保证每个对象类别都有足够的标记样本进行培训。当训练数据有限时，这些大型物体探测器易于过度装备。因此，有必要将几次拍摄的学习和零射击学习引入对象检测，这可以将低镜头对象检测命名在一起。低曝光对象检测（LSOD）旨在检测来自少数甚至零标记数据的对象，其分别可以分为几次对象检测（FSOD）和零拍摄对象检测（ZSD）。本文对基于深度学习的FSOD和ZSD进行了全面的调查。首先，本调查将FSOD和ZSD的方法分类为不同的类别，并讨论了它们的利弊。其次，本调查审查了数据集设置和FSOD和ZSD的评估指标，然后分析了在这些基准上的不同方法的性能。最后，本调查讨论了FSOD和ZSD的未来挑战和有希望的方向。

Few Shot Instance Segmentation (FSIS) requires models to detect and segment novel classes with limited several support examples. In this work, we explore a simple yet unified solution for FSIS as well as its incremental variants, and introduce a new framework named Reference Twice (RefT) to fully explore the relationship between support/query features based on a Transformer-like framework. Our key insights are two folds: Firstly, with the aid of support masks, we can generate dynamic class centers more appropriately to re-weight query features. Secondly, we find that support object queries have already encoded key factors after base training. In this way, the query features can be enhanced twice from two aspects, i.e., feature-level and instance-level. In particular, we firstly design a mask-based dynamic weighting module to enhance support features and then propose to link object queries for better calibration via cross-attention. After the above steps, the novel classes can be improved significantly over our strong baseline. Additionally, our new framework can be easily extended to incremental FSIS with minor modification. When benchmarking results on the COCO dataset for FSIS, gFSIS, and iFSIS settings, our method achieves a competitive performance compared to existing approaches across different shots, e.g., we boost nAP by noticeable +8.2/+9.4 over the current state-of-the-art FSIS method for 10/30-shot. We further demonstrate the superiority of our approach on Few Shot Object Detection. Code and model will be available.

现有的无监督点云预训练的方法被限制在场景级或点/体素级实例歧视上。场景级别的方法往往会失去对识别道路对象至关重要的本地细节，而点/体素级方法固有地遭受了有限的接收领域，而这种接收领域无力感知大型对象或上下文环境。考虑到区域级表示更适合3D对象检测，我们设计了一个新的无监督点云预训练框架，称为proposalcontrast，该框架通过对比的区域建议来学习强大的3D表示。具体而言，通过从每个点云中采样一组详尽的区域建议，每个提案中的几何点关系都是建模用于创建表达性建议表示形式的。为了更好地适应3D检测属性，提案contrast可以通过群体间和统一分离来优化，即提高跨语义类别和对象实例的提议表示的歧视性。在各种3D检测器（即PV-RCNN，Centerpoint，Pointpillars和Pointrcnn）和数据集（即Kitti，Waymo和一次）上验证了提案cont抗对流的概括性和可传递性。

很少有视觉识别是指从一些标记实例中识别新颖的视觉概念。通过将查询表示形式与类表征进行比较以预测查询实例的类别，许多少数射击的视觉识别方法采用了基于公制的元学习范式。但是，当前基于度量的方法通常平等地对待所有实例，因此通常会获得有偏见的类表示，考虑到并非所有实例在总结了类级表示的实例级表示时都同样重要。例如，某些实例可能包含无代表性的信息，例如过多的背景和无关概念的信息，这使结果偏差。为了解决上述问题，我们提出了一个新型的基于公制的元学习框架，称为实例自适应类别表示网络（ICRL-net），以进行几次视觉识别。具体而言，我们开发了一个自适应实例重新平衡网络，具有在生成班级表示，通过学习和分配自适应权重的不同实例中的自适应权重时，根据其在相应类的支持集中的相对意义来解决偏见的表示问题。此外，我们设计了改进的双线性实例表示，并结合了两个新型的结构损失，即，阶层内实例聚类损失和阶层间表示区分损失，以进一步调节实例重估过程并完善类表示。我们对四个通常采用的几个基准测试：Miniimagenet，Tieredimagenet，Cifar-FS和FC100数据集进行了广泛的实验。与最先进的方法相比，实验结果证明了我们的ICRL-NET的优势。

Deep learning has attained remarkable success in many 3D visual recognition tasks, including shape classification, object detection, and semantic segmentation. However, many of these results rely on manually collecting densely annotated real-world 3D data, which is highly time-consuming and expensive to obtain, limiting the scalability of 3D recognition tasks. Thus, we study unsupervised 3D recognition and propose a Self-supervised-Self-Labeled 3D Recognition (SL3D) framework. SL3D simultaneously solves two coupled objectives, i.e., clustering and learning feature representation to generate pseudo-labeled data for unsupervised 3D recognition. SL3D is a generic framework and can be applied to solve different 3D recognition tasks, including classification, object detection, and semantic segmentation. Extensive experiments demonstrate its effectiveness. Code is available at https://github.com/fcendra/sl3d.

标记数据通常昂贵且耗时，特别是对于诸如对象检测和实例分割之类的任务，这需要对图像的密集标签进行密集的标签。虽然几张拍摄对象检测是关于培训小说中的模型（看不见的）对象类具有很少的数据，但它仍然需要在许多标记的基础（见）类的课程上进行训练。另一方面，自我监督的方法旨在从未标记数据学习的学习表示，该数据转移到诸如物体检测的下游任务。结合几次射击和自我监督的物体检测是一个有前途的研究方向。在本调查中，我们审查并表征了几次射击和自我监督对象检测的最新方法。然后，我们给我们的主要外卖，并讨论未来的研究方向。https://gabrielhuang.github.io/fsod-survey/的项目页面

3D object detection from LiDAR point cloud is a challenging problem in 3D scene understanding and has many practical applications. In this paper, we extend our preliminary work PointRCNN to a novel and strong point-cloud-based 3D object detection framework, the part-aware and aggregation neural network (Part-A 2 net). The whole framework consists of the part-aware stage and the part-aggregation stage. Firstly, the part-aware stage for the first time fully utilizes free-of-charge part supervisions derived from 3D ground-truth boxes to simultaneously predict high quality 3D proposals and accurate intra-object part locations. The predicted intra-object part locations within the same proposal are grouped by our new-designed RoI-aware point cloud pooling module, which results in an effective representation to encode the geometry-specific features of each 3D proposal. Then the part-aggregation stage learns to re-score the box and refine the box location by exploring the spatial relationship of the pooled intra-object part locations. Extensive experiments are conducted to demonstrate the performance improvements from each component of our proposed framework. Our Part-A 2 net outperforms all existing 3D detection methods and achieves new state-of-the-art on KITTI 3D object detection dataset by utilizing only the LiDAR point cloud data. Code is available at https://github.com/sshaoshuai/PointCloudDet3D.